Determination of normalized values of the tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) in 405 Spanish children and adolescents

Introduction and objectives

Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) is an echocardiographic measure that allows us to assess right ventricular systolic function. TAPSE measurement is common in adults but reference values for children are scarce. Our objective was to establish reference values for TAPSE in Spanish children and to determine the relationship of these values with age and body surface.

Methods

This prospective study included 405 patients (from newborn to age 18 years, 53% male) referred for assessment of cardiac murmurs. Patients with confirmed cardiac or any other disease were excluded. We collected TAPSE measurements by M-mode echocardiography and recorded anthropometric variables. We analyzed the intra- and interobserver reproducibility of these measurements.

Results

Mean TAPSE values were 17.09 ± 5.09 cm with nonsignificant differences between sexes. A curvilinear regression model proved appropriate, with values increasing in proportion to age group, height, weight, body mass index, and body surface. Body surface showed a strong positive correlation with TAPSE values (r = 0.81), whereas frequency had a negative correlation (r = -0.74). Multivariate analysis confirmed these correlations and the interactions between variables (age, height, weight, body surface). Graphs of estimated normal population-based TAPSE values adjusted by age and body surface are provided.

Conclusions

We present reference values for TAPSE in Spanish children and adolescents. The TAPSE measurement was reproducible and associated directly with age and body surface. These reference values could guide decision making in daily clinical practice.Full English text available from: www.revespcardiol.org     

脑电图在血管性痴呆早期诊断中的应用分析

目的:观察血管性痴呆(vascular dementia,VD)患者的脑电图(electroencephalograph,EEG)变化,为EEG在VD早期诊断提供依据.方法:分析96例VD患者的EEG,同时与简易智能量表(Mini-Mental state Examination,MMSE)评分进行比较.结果:96例中...     

颜色辨识状态下ERP时频特征与认知能力的相关性研究

研究不同程度认知能力人群的事件相关电位(ERP)的特征,从中提取出能有效识别血管性痴呆(VD)的电生理指标.选择正常青年组、VD组以及与VD同一年龄段的正常老年组作为被试人群,采用视觉通道诱发的oddball实验模式,对ERP信号运用平滑伪魏格纳分布(SPWVD)进行时频分析.通过不同被试人群的群延迟(GD)和瞬时频率(IF)的对比发现,大脑额、中央和顶区ERP信号的群延迟可反映3组不同被试之间认知能力的差异,为VD患者的早期诊断识别提供一个新的途径.     

奥拉西坦与多奈哌齐治疗老年血管性痴呆对照研究

目的 评价奥拉西坦与多奈哌齐治疗老年血管性痴呆患者的临床疗效和安全性.方法 将60例老年血管性痴呆患者随机分为两组,每组30例,研究组口服奥拉西坦治疗,对照组口服多奈哌齐治疗,观察12周.于治疗前及治疗12周末,采用简易智力状态检查量表、韦氏记忆量表和临床疗效总评量表病情严重程度分量表评定临床疗效,同时记录治疗过程中出现的不良反应.结果 治疗后两组简易智力状态检查量表、韦氏记忆量表和临床疗效总评量表病情严重程度分量表评分均较治疗前有显著下降(P＜0.01),同期两组间各量表评分比较差异均无显著性(P＞0.05);研究期间两组各项检查均无明显异常改变,均未出现明显的不良反应.结论 奥拉西坦与多奈哌齐治疗均能显著改善血管性痴呆患者的智力状态和记忆力,临床疗效显著,安全性高,值得临床推广应用.     

Ligustilide alleviates brain damage and improves cognitive function in rats of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Ligustilide (LIG), a main lipophilic component of Danggui (Chinese Angelica root, Radix Angelica sinensis) which is a popular used herb to treat menstrual disorders in traditional chinese medicine, has been reported to possess some neuroprotective effects on permanent focal ischemia and transient forebrain ischemia.

Aim of the study

Based on previous work, we intended to investigate the protective effects of LIG on parietal cortex and hippocampus of rats in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model.

Materials and methods

Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion was induced by permanent, bilateral common carotid artery's occlusion (2VO). The rats were treated with LIG (80 mg/kg, by oral) from the eighth day after surgery for seven consecutive days. Their spatial learning and memory abilities were assessed using the Morris water maze. After six days for maze test, rats were sacrificed. Coronal sections in cortex and hippocampus were stained with cresyl violet or labeled with NeuN (Neuronal Nuclei), MAP-2 (Microtubule-Associated Protein-2), Caspase-3 and GFAP (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein) antibodies.

Results

LIG treatment for seven days decreased escape latency and swimming distance of 2VO rats from the third day in maze tests, and increased percent time in the target quadrant. LIG prevented neuronal loss, dendrites damage and neuronal apoptosis in both parietal cortex and hippocampus of 2VO rats; and it also inhibited astrocytic activation and proliferation stimulated by hypoperfusion.

Conclusions

These results demonstrate that LIG show obvious neuroprotective potential for treating chronic cerebral hypoperfusion injury, which may be attributed to its anti-apoptosis of neuron and anti-proliferation of astrocyte both in cortex and in hippocampus of 2VO rats. We suggest that LIG can be developed as an effective drugs for the prevention of vascular dementia (VD).     

Alzheimer病与血管性痴呆临床特点的对照研究

目的 比较Alzheimer病(AD)与血管性痴呆(VD)的临床特点。方法 通过详细收集临床资料，并用痴呆严重程度临床评定量表(CDR)、简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)、日常生活能力量表(ADL)评定，对38例AD与30例VD患者的发病情况、行为、精神症状特点、认知功能、日常生活能力等进行比较。结果 VD患者多急性发病、呈阶梯性病程、伴有高血压和卒中史；AD患者脑电图改变主要是双额叶及双枕叶的节律改变，以θ波及δ波为主要活动，而VD患者以不对称为主要表现；抑郁、焦虑、欣快的发生率VD患者明显高于AD患者，而幻觉、妄想、饮食障碍则明显低于AD患者；时间定向、地点定向、物体命名评分AD患者明显低于VD患者，而图形描述评分高于VD患者；AD和VD患者存在着躯体生活、工具使用能力下降的不平衡，VD患者躯体生活能力下降更明显。结论 AD与VD患者的临床特点不同，发病基础、行为、精神症状、认知功能、智能障碍、日常生活能力的评价及CT和脑电图的检查等对痴呆的诊断与鉴别诊断均具有重要价值。     

非小细胞肺癌组织中内皮抑素、血管内皮生长因子受体的表达

目的：检测非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）组织标本中内皮抑素（endostatin）、血管内皮生长因子受体‐2（VEGFR‐2、KDR／FLK‐1）的表达,探讨两者在NSCLC血管新生中的作用及其与临床及病理指标的关系。方法应用免疫组织化学法检测内皮抑素和KDR在28例NSCLC患者癌组织和对照组织中的表达;通过标记CD34的表达情况,计数微血管密度（MVD）。结果肺癌组内皮抑素、KDR表达阳性率分别为60．71％、64．29％,与正常对照组的不表达,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。肺癌组织、对照组织MVD分别为（29．30±3．80）、（98．86±18．87）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。癌组织中内皮抑素阳性表达的MVD显著低于阴性表达的 MVD ,KDR阳性表达的MVD显著高于其阴性表达的MVD（P＜0．05）。肺癌组织中内皮抑素和KDR有一定的共表达率,内皮抑素和KDR共表达为32．14％,与对照组无共表达比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。有淋巴结转移者内皮抑素表达显著低于无淋巴结转移者。结论 NSCLC组织中内皮抑素升高,KDR降低与抑制肿瘤血管新生密切相关。内皮抑素表达与淋巴结转移有关。     

维生素D_3抑制电离辐射引起的小鼠破骨细胞激活

目的研究维生素D3(VD3)对电离辐射引起破骨细胞代谢改变的保护作用。方法 24只雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为对照组、γ射线辐照组和1000IU VD3注射处理的γ射线辐照组。酶联免疫吸附双抗体夹心法测定小鼠血清中小鼠肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、小鼠抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶5b(TRAP-5b)、小鼠可溶性核因子-κB受体活化因子配体(sRANKL)、小鼠Ⅰ型胶原C端肽(CTX-1);采用甲基百里香酚蓝比色法测定血清中钙离子浓度。抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)染色骨病理石蜡切片观察破骨细胞形态变化。用SPSS12.0统计软件分析数据。结果与对照组比,γ射线辐照组小鼠血清中TRAP-5b、CTX-1、sRANKL和TNF-α含量分别升高了37.30%、47.14%、19.55%和17.67%(P<0.05)。VD3注射处理的γ射线辐照组血清中TRAP-5b、CTX-1和sRANKL升高不明显(P>0.05)。VD3的保护率分别为42.06%、69.80%和68.12%,而TNF-α升高明显(P<0.05)。镜下γ射线辐照组小鼠骨内破骨细胞形态呈代谢增强改变;而VD3注射处理则明显改善γ射线辐照引起的破骨细胞的形态变化。结论 VD3通过降低破骨细胞活性关键因子sRANKL可以有效地减轻电离辐射引起的小鼠破骨细胞代谢增强。使用VD3是减轻放疗患者受电离辐射损害的一种潜在有效方法。     

Ultrasonographic study of intestinal Doppler blood flow in infantile non-IgE-mediated gastrointestinal food allergy

Background

Although non-IgE-mediated gastrointestinal food allergy has increased rapidly in Japan, a small number of reports has evaluated B-mode and Doppler ultrasonographic findings in the acute phase of infantile gastrointestinal milk allergy. The aim of the present study was to compare the diagnostic utility of ultrasonographic findings and laboratory allergic data in non-IgE-mediated infantile gastrointestinal milk allergy.

心脑宁胶囊对血管性痴呆大鼠认知功能及海马区Aβ和Tau蛋白表达的影响

目的：观察心脑宁胶囊对血管性痴呆（VD）大鼠认知功能及海马区β淀粉样蛋白（β-amyloid peptide, Aβ）和Tau蛋白表达情况的影响,探讨心脑宁胶囊的脑保护作用。方法采用双侧颈总动脉永久结扎法制备VD动物模型,设立假手术组、模型组、心脑宁胶囊治疗组（心脑宁组）。以Morris水迷宫试验检测大鼠的逃避潜伏期以评价认知功能,采用免疫组化法测定大鼠海马区Aβ和Tau蛋白的表达。结果术后各时间点模型组与假手术组相比,大鼠的逃避潜伏期延长（P<0.01）,Aβ和Tau蛋白表达明显增加（P<0.01）;心脑宁组与模型组相比大鼠的逃避潜伏期明显缩短（P<0.05）,Aβ和Tau蛋白表达减少（P<0.01）。结论 VD大鼠海马区Aβ和Tau蛋白表达增加,给予心脑宁胶囊治疗后,海马区Aβ和Tau蛋白的表达减少,在一定程度上改善了VD大鼠的认知功能障碍。