Differences in cytokine secretion by intestinal mononuclear cells, peripheral blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages from HIV-infected patients.

Mononuclear cells of the lamina propria (LpMNC), isolated from endoscopically taken biopsies of the large bowel from AIDS patients, were analysed for their ability to secrete tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-1 beta and IL-6. Stimulation of LpMNC from normal controls with pokeweed mitogen (PWM) led to a time- and dose-dependent enhancement of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-6 secretion. In contrast, PWM stimulation of LpMNC from AIDS patients resulted in only a small increase in TNF-alpha release. Constitutive secretion of IL-1 beta and IL-6 in these patients was already increased to the concentration range of stimulated cells from normal controls and could not be further increased, probably due to maximal in vivo stimulation. Secretion of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-6 by peripheral blood monocytes (PBM) and alveolar macrophages from AIDS patients was elevated with or without stimulation compared with normal controls. Obviously, the regulation of TNF-alpha secretion is dependent on the microenvironment. Since it is known that interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) may induce the production of TNF-alpha, the secretion of this cytokine was examined. Release of IFN-gamma was constitutively and under stimulation lowered in LpMNC from AIDS patients compared with normal controls. Addition of IFN-gamma to LpMNC did not result in enhanced TNF-alpha secretion. Our data indicate a defective function of intestinal mononuclear cells in AIDS patients as shown by the diminished TNF-alpha secretion.     

Human polyspecific immunoglobulin attenuates group A streptococcal virulence factor activity and reduces disease severity in a murine necrotizing fasciitis model

Objectives

Streptococcus pyogenes causes life-threatening invasive infections including necrotizing fasciitis (NF). Current treatment guidelines recommend the use of a cell-wall–active antibiotic combined with a protein synthesis inhibitor and surgical debridement in NF patients. Adjunctive therapy with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has been proposed for superantigen-associated streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. So far, benefits of IVIG treatment remain unclear and prospective clinical studies are scarce. Thus, we aimed to assess the effects of IVIG on virulence factor activity in vitro, ex vivo in patients and in vivo in a NF mouse model.

肝素酶和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子与非小细胞肺癌转移和预后的关系

目的 探讨肝素酶(heparanase)和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)在人非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)组织中表达的临床意义及其与肺癌转移和预后的关系。方法 采用免疫组织化学、原位杂交和Western blot方法,检测115例人NSCLC石蜡切片和45例新鲜肺癌及对应癌旁正常组织中肝素酶和bFGF的表达情况。采用χ^2检验、t检验、生存曲线和Cox比例风险回归等方法分析肝素酶和bFGF分别表达及共表达的意义。结果 免疫组织化学染色证实肝素酶(91／115)和bFGF(89／115)主要表达在癌细胞质和(或)细胞膜中,在正常肺泡上皮和支气管上皮中则呈阴性表达。Western blot也证实肝素酶在肺癌中的表达明显增高(P=0．041)。统计分析结果显示：肝素酶和bFGF的表达具有明显的一致性(P：0．0001),二者单独表达和共表达均与肺癌的分期、血管侵袭、淋巴结转移、微血管密度和预后有关,其中,二者共表达时与分期和微血管密度的相关性更显著;另外,bFGF还与肺癌的分化程度有关。多因素分析结果显示,肺癌的分化程度、血管浸润、淋巴结转移和bFGF的表达可以作为判断肺癌预后的危险因素,但肝素酶不是影响预后的独立因素。结论 肝素酶和bFGF均与肺癌的转移、血管生成和预后密切相关。     

Xanthii Fructus Inhibits Inflammatory Responses in LPS-Stimulated Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages

Xanthii Fructus (XF) is an herb widely used in medicine for the treatment of a variety of inflammatory pathologies. In this study, using mouse peritoneal macrophages, we have examined whether XF affects nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-12p40 production induced by interferon (IFN)-γ and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). XF inhibits IFN-γ and LPS-induced NO production in a dose dependent manner. The decrease in NO synthesis was reflected as a decreased amount of inducible NO synthase protein. Furthermore, we also found that XF inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α production. However, treatment of XF in peritoneal macrophages had no effect on IL-12p40 production. These findings suggest that XF may be used in controlling macrophages-mediated inflammatory diseases.     

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with enhanced bronchial expression of FGF-1, FGF-2, and FGFR-1

An important feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is airway remodelling, the molecular mechanisms of which are poorly understood. In this study, the role of fibroblast growth factors (FGF-1 and FGF-2) and their receptor, FGFR-1, was assessed in bronchial airway wall remodelling in patients with COPD (FEV1 < 75%; n = 15) and without COPD (FEV1 > 85%; n = 16). FGF-1 and FGFR-1 were immunolocalized in bronchial epithelium, airway smooth muscle (ASM), submucosal glandular epithelium, and vascular smooth muscle. Quantitative digital image analysis revealed increased cytoplasmic expression of FGF-2 in bronchial epithelium (0.35 +/- 0.03 vs 0.20 +/- 0.04, p < 0.008) and nuclear localization in ASM (p < 0.0001) in COPD patients compared with controls. Elevated levels of FGFR-1 in ASM (p < 0.005) and of FGF-1 (p < 0.04) and FGFR-1 (p < 0.001) in bronchial epithelium were observed. In cultured human ASM cells, FGF-1 and/or FGF-2 (10 ng/ml) induced cellular proliferation, as shown by [3H]thymidine incorporation and by cell number counts. Steady-state mRNA levels of FGFR-1 were elevated in human ASM cells treated with either FGF-1 or FGF-2. The increased bronchial expression of fibroblast growth factors and their receptor in patients with COPD, and the mitogenic response of human ASM cells to FGFs in vitro suggest a potential role for the FGF/FGFR-1 system in the remodelling of bronchial airways in COPD.     

右旋柠烯抑制小鼠S-180移植瘤生长的实验观察

目的观察右旋柠烯乳剂(D-limonene)对小鼠移植瘤生长及转移的抑制作用。方法用小鼠S180癌性腹水建立皮下移植瘤模型,随机分为3组,预防组建模当天开始给药;治疗组移植后第5天开始给药;对照组不给药。每3d测量肿瘤大小,20d后取材,观察肿瘤细胞的浸润程度及淋巴结转移。结果对照组肿瘤体积较大,与皮肤及深部组织发生粘连,7只发现颈部或腋下淋巴结肿大。治疗组和预防组移植瘤生长速度明显缓慢,体积小,且瘤体较规则,未发现有淋巴结转移者。结论右旋柠烯有抑制肿瘤生长,减少淋巴结转移的作用,其机制有待进一步探讨。     

肺癌患者化疗前后血清Hcy、IGF-Ⅱ和TSGF检测的临床意义

目的：探讨肺癌患者化疗前后血清Hcy、IGF-Ⅱ和TSGF水平的变化及临床意义。方法：应用免疫法和放射免疫分析对35例肺癌患者进行了血清Hcy、IGF-Ⅱ和TSGF含量检测,并与30名正常健康人作比较。结果：肺癌患者在化疗前血清Hcy、IGF-Ⅱ和TSGF水平均非常显著地高于正常人组（P〈0.01）,化疗后6个月在未复发的27例中明显下降接近于正常人组,而复发的8例,其数值又回升至化疗前水平（P〈0.05）。结论：检测肺癌患者血清Hcy、IGF-Ⅱ和TSGF水平的变化可作为诊断和疗效观察的参考。     

戴维斯在线认知问卷在538名医学生中的试用

目的:建立戴维斯在线认知问卷中文版,并测试其信度和效度。方法:538名学生完成了戴维斯在线认知问卷,统计分析量表的信度和效度,并进行验证性因子分析。结果:戴维斯在线认知问卷中文版内部一致性系数为0.937,重测信度为0.905;验证性因子分析表明,各条目对4个一阶因子的标准负荷系数在0.423~0.814之间,4个一阶因子对上一级潜在因子的标准负荷系数在0.741~0.971之间;整体模式的适配度指标均符合心理测量学要求(RMSEA=0.012,GFI=0.943,NFI=0.931,CFI=0.994)。结论:戴维斯在线认知问卷中文版具有良好的信度和效度,可以作为一种较好的网络成瘾程度评价工具在我国青少年中使用。     

荧光定量PCR法在重组逆转录病毒pLXSN-BDNF滴度测定中的应用

目的制备含大鼠脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）基因的逆转录病毒，建立荧光定量PCR测定滴度的方法。方法扩增BDNF基因，构建重组质粒pLXSN-BDNF，将其转染包装细胞，经G418筛选、病毒浓缩后用荧光定量PCR法和克隆形成法测定滴度。结果经PCR、酶切和测序鉴定，BDNF基因成功插入逆转录病毒载体中，筛选得到稳定的分泌重组病毒细胞系。重组病毒100倍浓缩后经荧光定量PCR法和克隆形成法测定的滴度分别为6．92×10^6拷贝/ml和3．2×10^5CFU/ml，两种方法测得的结果差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论成功扩增BDNF基因，制备了重组病毒pLX—SN-BDNF，建立了荧光定量PCR检测滴度的方法，为基因治疗青光眼性视神经损伤的实验研究提供重要参考指标。