离子对HPLC测定萘敏维滴眼液的含量并检查有关物质

目的 建立测定萘敏维滴眼液中盐酸萘甲唑林和马来酸氯苯那敏含量及检查有关物质的方法.方法 采用离子对HPLC法,色谱柱为Luna C18色谱柱,乙腈-1.0%十二烷基硫酸钠-冰醋酸(57:43:0.3,稀硫酸调pH3.4)为流动相,检测波长为280 nm.结果 盐酸萘甲唑林的线性范围为5.0～17.5μg·ml-1(r=0.9997),高、中、低浓度的平均回收率为99.42%～100.5%,RSD为0.35%～0.81%;马来酸氯苯那敏的线性范围为50.0～175.0μg·ml-1(r=0.9995),高、中、低浓度的平均回收率为99.59%～100.8%,RSD为0.33%～0.52%.3批样品中有关物质的含量分别0.82%、0.84%、0.85%.结论 所用方法准确、简便、快速,适用于萘敏维滴眼液的质量控制.     

鸦胆子油乳诱导Jurkat细胞凋亡及与柔红霉素的协同作用

目的：观察鸦胆子油乳对诱导Jurkat细胞凋亡的影响及联合柔红霉素的协同作用。方法：采用MTT比色法、DNA凝胶电泳、流式细胞仪检测鸦胆子油乳及联合柔红霉素诱导Jurkat细胞凋亡情况。结果：鸦胆子油乳（0.25-1.25g/L）对Jurkat细胞有诱导凋亡作用,并具有一定时间剂量-效应关系。0.25g/鸦胆子油乳与0.5μmol/L柔红霉素联合作用对Jurkat细胞凋亡率较单用时的凋亡率高。结论：鸦胆子油乳对Jurkat细胞有诱导凋亡作用,呈剂量相关性,并与柔红霉素有协同作用。     

经鼻持续气道正压通气对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气患者血清脂联素和血压的影响

目的:探讨在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者中持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对血清脂联素和血压的影响,以及血清脂联素水平和高血压之间可能存在的相关关系.方法:选择23例男性中、重度OSAHS患者,于NCPAP治疗前1天和NCPAP治疗中、后检测血清脂联素、平均动脉压(MAP).结果:OSAHS患者接受NCPAP治疗后,血清脂联素水平逐渐升高而MAP逐渐降低;血清脂联素水平和MAP显示与NCPAP治疗前相比,NCPAP治疗的第3天和第7天均未见统计学差异(均为P＞0.05),但在NCPAP治疗的第14天差异显著(P＜0.01).结论:OSAHS可引起低脂联素血症,后者可能参与了OSAHS并发高血压的发病,且可被NCPAP治疗所纠正.     

鼻中隔术后3种填塞材料对鼻腔黏膜的影响

目的比较凡士林纱、高膨胀止血海绵和瑞纳凝胶气囊3种填塞材料对鼻中隔矫正术后渗血的止血效果和鼻腔黏膜损伤的情况。方法对鼻中隔矫正术后病人分3组进行3种不同填塞材料的随机对照研究,观察填塞后病人的疼痛程度、对鼻腔黏膜的损伤、出血量的多少。结果在填塞后24h内鼻腔出血量比较,凡士林纱组较高膨胀止血海绵和瑞纳凝胶气囊组为多,差异有显著性（P〈0.05）;填塞后鼻腔的疼痛,凡士林纱组较高膨胀止血海绵和瑞纳凝胶气囊组为重,差异有显著性（P〈0.05）;对鼻黏膜的损伤程度和取出填塞物后出血量,瑞纳凝胶气囊较其他两组少,差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。结论作为鼻中隔矫正术后的填塞材料,瑞纳凝胶气囊和Merocel高膨胀止血海绵对鼻腔黏膜损伤较小,病人疼痛轻,拔除时出血少,是鼻中隔术后填塞的理想材料。     

正交设计优选吉如痕-8滴丸中挥发油提取工艺

目的：采用正交试验法优选吉如痕-8滴丸中挥发油的提取工艺。方法：以挥发油收率为指标，以药材粉碎粒径、加水量、浸泡时间、提取时间作为考察因素进行正交试验。站果：最佳提取工艺条件为药材粉碎粒径为5-10日，加12倍量水，浸泡1．5h，加热提取7h。站论：优选得到的提取工艺稳定可行。     

Update of a study of crude oil production workers 1946-94

OBJECTIVE—To update information on workers in the petroleum industry engaged in the production of crude oil to determine whether the patterns of mortality have changed with 14 additional years of follow up.
METHODS—All workers were employed at company production and pipeline locations sometime during 1946-94. The cohort now consists of 24 124 employees with an average of 22 years of follow up.
RESULTS—The overall mortality, and most cause specific mortalities were lower than or similar to those for the general United States population. For white men (81% of the cohort), there were 4361 observed deaths and 5945 expected, resulting in a significantly lower standardised mortality ratio (SMR) of 73. There were significant deficits for all the leading causes of death in the United States including all cancers, cancer of the lung, stroke, heart disease, respiratory disease, and accidents. Slightly increased mortality was found for cancer of the prostate, cancer of the brain and central nervous system, and cancer of other lymphatic tissue. For benign and unspecified neoplasms, the SMR was 152 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 95 to 230). There was a significant increase for acute myelogenous leukaemia that was restricted to people who were first employed before 1940 and who were employed in production and pipeline jobs for >30 years. Overall mortality patterns for non-white men and women were similar to those for white men. Mortality patterns for white men were also examined by duration of employment, time first employed, and by job group.
CONCLUSIONS—The results of the updated study showed a favourable mortality experience for crude oil production workers compared with the United States population.


Keywords: petroleum industry; occupational cancer; mortality; crude oil     

柴胡及其炮制品有效成分比较

对柴胡原生药，生品，洒、醋、蜜炙品的皂甙及挥发油进行定性定量比较。结果表明，炮制后皂甙及挥发油含量升高，除蜜柴胡挥发油的组分变化外，各种炮制品的皂甙及挥发油组分无明显差异。     

Occupational histamine poisoning by fish flour: a case report

Histamine poisoning due to inhalation and skin contact with fish products is rarely described in the literature. This study presents a case of occupational histamine poisoning by spoiled fish flour via inhalation, skin and eye contact. Shipments of fish flour transported in black or blue bags, depending on the source, were handled by 20 harbour workers. Ten workers handling blue bags developed allergy-like skin, eye, gastrointestinal, respiratory and cardiac symptoms within 30 min. Workers handling black bags were symptom-free, except for minimal eye irritation. After consultation with the Poison Control Centre histamine poisoning was suspected. The histamine content, as determined by thin-layer chromatography, was 10-fold higher in samples from the blue than from the black bags (510 mg/100 g flour compared with 50 mg/100 g flour, respectively). Part of the shipment was labelled as hazardous for human health with permission for further usage only under specific personal protective measures. It is suggested that the highest permissible levels of histamine in fish flour and similar products should be set and legally adopted.     

The role of mucosal receptors in the nasal sensation of airflow

50 subjects were admitted into a randomized double-blind placebo controlled cross-over trial with 4% lignocaine as the active drug and normal saline as the placebo. Each subject had 2 ml of solution sprayed into each nasal cavity and all subjects had both sprays but on different occasions. The order in which the sprays were administered was randomized. The subjective sensation of nasal airflow was measured using a visual anologue scale before and after the spray. These measurements were made under conditions of the same airflow rate, which was monitored throughout the experiment using a reprogrammed NR6 rhinomanometer. Objective nasal patency was measured as peak nasal inspiratory flow rate. It was found that the nasal sensation of airflow decreased slightly after both lignocaine (difference between medians 5.0; 95% confidence interval —2.91 to 6.11) and normal saline (difference between medians 6.0; 95% confidence interval — 1.02 to 7.21). Nonparametric analysis of variance showed this difference to be non-significant (P = 0.73). In addition there was no significant change in objective nasal patency. The results suggest that nerve endings in the nasal mucosa play no part in sensing nasal airflow during respiration.     

Nasal airflow receptors: the relative importance of temperature and tactile stimulation

The receptors responsible for the nasal sensation of airflow have not been identified with certainty. Although both mechanoreceptors and thermoreceptors have been implicated, evidence suggests that the nose is more sensitive to cold air than to air at body temperature. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between the velocity and the temperature of an airjet as regards its ability to stimulate the nasal lining. Both the nasal vestibule and the nasal cavum are more sensitive to cold air than to air at mean intranasal temperature (P < 0.001). A similar effect is seen with warm air which is as stimulating as cold air. The nasal vestibule is twice as sensitive as the nasal cavum to an airjet at mean intranasal temperature (P < 0.001). It is concluded that the nasal vestible is very sensitive to the tactile stimulation of an airjet. This effect is highly temperature dependent being much more pronounced for air temperatures above or below the mean intranasal temperature. The temperature effect is relatively more important in the nasal cavum which is very much less sensitive to stimulation than the vestibule.