氟比洛芬酯联合七氟醚全麻在小儿先天性心脏病介入治疗中的应用

目的 评价小儿先天性心脏病介入封堵术中联合应用氟比洛芬酯和七氟醚全麻的临床效果.方法 先天性心脏病患儿40例,随机分为两组:S组(七氟醚吸入组)和F+S组(氟比洛芬酯联合七氟醚吸入组).观察两组患儿诱导前(TO)、气管插管时(T1)、静脉穿刺时(T2)、心内操作时(T3)、拔除气管导管时(T4)、拔除后5 min (TS)、拔除后10 min (T6)时的平均动脉压(MAP)、血氧饱和度(Sp02)、心率(HR),记录两组在T4～T6时间点的躁动评分和意识状态(OAA/S)评分以及术后不良反应的发生率.结果 两组患儿均顺利完成介入治疗.与TO时点比较,S组在T4～T6时点HR增快、MAP明显增加(P＜0.05)；在T4～T6时点F+S组患儿与S组比较,HR明显减慢、MAP显著降低(P＜0.05).F+S组在各观察点的躁动评分均显著低于S组(P＜0.05)；两组在各时点的意识状态评分差异无统计学意义;术后24h随访中,S组有3例、F+S组有1例出现恶心呕吐,其他无不良反应发生.结论 氟比洛芬酯联合七氟醚全麻可安全用于小儿先天性心脏病的介入治疗,值得临床推荐使用.     

七氟醚复合瑞芬太尼麻醉在小儿口腔手术中应用

目的:探讨七氟醚复合瑞芬太尼在小儿口腔手术麻醉中的应用.方法:选择行口腔手术的患儿60例,随机分为两组,即七氟醚吸入组与异氟醚吸入组,每组各30例.分别使用七氟醚或异氟醚吸入诱导复合瑞芬太尼麻醉行唇裂、聘裂手术.记录诱导时问、拔管时间,观察有无恶心、呕吐,躁动,喉痉挛,支气管痉挛等并发症的发生.结果:七氟醚组诱导时间略长于异氟醚组静脉诱导时间;拔管时间均显著短于异氟醚组(P<0.05).恶心、呕吐发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:七氟醚吸入麻醉平稳迅速,缩短苏醒拔管时间,适用于小儿口腔手术手术.     

七氟醚复合骶管内麻醉在婴儿手术中的应用

目的 通过对七氟醚复合骶管内麻醉在婴儿手术应用中的临床观察,探讨适合婴儿下腹部手术的麻醉方式.方法 将30例择其手术的患儿随机分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ两组,均采用七氟醚吸入诱导.Ⅰ组术中以七氟醚维持麻醉,Ⅱ组患儿入睡后行单次骶管阻滞,术中给予七氟醚吸入.记录诱导后(T1),手术切皮时(T2)和手术结束时(T3)的SpO2、HR、Bp值和患儿的苏醒时间,并观察术后恶心、呕吐、尿潴留、谵妄躁动等不良反应的发生率.结果 Ⅰ组患儿的HR在T2时较T1时有显著增加(P<0.0 5),Ⅱ组的苏醒时间及术后谵妄的发生率显著低于I组(P<0.05),其余指标两组差异无统计学意义.结论 七氟醚复合骶管内麻醉极大减少了七氟醚的吸入量,术中躁动和术后谵妄的发生率明显降低,从安全性和有效性上都不失为一种适合小儿下腹部手术的麻醉方式.     

七氟醚和异丙酚麻醉用于无痛人流手术的临床观察

目的:对比七氟醚和异丙酚对无痛人流手术的麻醉效果。方法:将40例拟接受门诊无痛人工流产病人随机分为七氟醚吸入组(Sev组,n=20)和异丙酚静脉组(Pro组,n=20),监测并记录麻醉的诱导速度、苏醒时间、定向力恢复时间、术中肢动情况及心率、收缩压、舒张压及血氧变化。结果:诱导后Sev组SBP、DBP、HR与诱导后Pro组差异显著(P<0.05),Pro组诱导时间、苏醒时间和定向力恢复时间均较Sev组显著缩短(P<0.05),两组的血氧与诱导前相比均无显著性差异。结论:异丙酚静脉麻醉诱导起效更快,苏醒时间更短,而七氟醚吸入麻醉诱导对心率的影响更小,诱导更平稳。     

七氟醚对单肺通气期间血气和循环的影响

目的观察七氟醚吸入麻醉在胸外科非肺部手术行单肺通气期间对病人血气和循环的影响。方法20例ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级的病人，用芬太尼2μg／kg，咪唑安定0．05mg／kg，异丙酚（2—3）mg／kg，司可林1．5mg／kg作静脉快速诱导，插入右侧双腔气管导管。用吸入1．3—2．0MAC的七氟醚，间断静注维库溴铵和芬太尼维持麻醉。于双肺通气（TLV）30min，右侧单肺通气（OLV）15min，30min，60min测定血气及血流动力学指标。结果右侧OLV期间，动脉血氧分压（PaO2）和氧饱和度（SaO2）较TLV30min时明显下降（P〈0．05），但绝对值仍在正常范围内，而其他参数基本保持不变。结论在右侧OLV期间七氟醚吸入麻醉对肺内分流有影响，对机体HPV有一定的抑制作用，但不影响临床安全使用。     

七氟烷在婴幼儿麻醉中的临床应用

目的：探讨七氟烷在婴幼儿麻醉中的临床应用。方法：选择145例3月～5岁拟在气管插管全身麻醉下行择期外科手术的患儿。以七氟烷进行麻醉诱导与维持麻醉，以BIS判定麻醉深度。记录开始吸入七氟烷至BIS降至40～50的时间；血压心率变化；患者苏醒时间；诱导期及麻醉恢复期患者的反应。结果：BIS降至40～50的时间为90．87±32．5s；血流动力学指标较稳定，无一例心率减慢、血压下降；有27例（18．6％）患儿在麻醉诱导时出现体动，无一例呛咳、屏气和喉痉挛发生；苏醒时间10．6±3．0min；5例（3．4％）出现恶心但无呕吐，有97例（66．9％）患儿在苏醒后出现躁动：送出手术室时间为19．6±5．3min。结论：七氟烷用于婴幼儿进行麻醉诱导和维持具有诱导快、苏醒快、副作用少、麻醉深度易于调控等诸多优点，可安全地用于婴幼儿临床麻醉。     

Sevoflurane low-flow anaesthesia: best strategy to reduce Compound A concentration

BACKGROUND: To define the best strategy to reduce Compound A production in Sevoflurane low-flow anaesthesia by experiments in vitro and in vivo of different absorbers and different anaesthesia machines. METHODS: In vitro Compound A has been measured at 45 degrees C in vitro following Sevoflurane interactions with potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, soda lime, Dragersorb 800 Plus and Amsorb, a new absorber that does not contain sodium or potassium hydroxide. In vivo Compound A concentration in the anaesthesia circuit (inspiratory branch) has been measured using an indirect sampling method through absorber vials (SKC) with active coal granules, during low flows (500 ml/min) general anaesthesia using soda lime, Dragersorb 800 Plus or Amsorb as absorber. Compound A was also measured during low flows (500 ml/min) general anaesthesia using as carbon dioxide absorber soda lime with different anaesthesia machines. RESULTS: In vitro at 45 degrees C Compound A concentration with soda lime and Dragersorb 800 Plus was about 10 times higher than with Amsorb. In vivo the Compound A concentrations in the inspiratory branch of the circuit were lower in the group with Amsorb. CONCLUSION: The Compound A production is minimal with Amsorb as carbon dioxide absorber.     

Effects of sevoflurane anesthesia combined with epidural block on renal function in the elderly: comparison with isoflurane

Purpose. Renal function declines with age, but little is known about the renal effects of the inhaled anesthetic sevoflurane in the elderly. We therefore compared the renal effects of sevoflurane and isoflurane anesthesia in elderly patients. Methods. Thirteen patients aged ≥70 years undergoing gastrectomy with epidural anesthesia combined with general anesthesia were randomly assigned to receive either sevoflurane (n = 7) or isoflurane (n = 6). Dopamine (3–5 μg·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹) was administered to all patients. Blood and urine samples were collected before, during, and after anesthesia. Serum and urinary inorganic fluoride was measured, and renal function tests were performed. Results. Serum inorganic fluoride was significantly elevated in both groups. The production of inorganic fluoride was significantly greater in the sevoflurane group, but the level did not exceed 50 μmol·l⁻¹ in any patient. No abnormalities were observed in blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, or urine volume in either group. The albumin excretion index increased during anesthesia and decreased after anesthesia in both groups. Creatinine clearance was unchanged in the sevoflurane group but fluctuated during and after anesthesia in the isoflurane group. α₁-Microglobulin (MG), β₂-MG, and urinary N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) excretion increased up to 3 h after anesthesia, and α₁-MG and β₂-MG excretion increased on postanesthesia day 3. Conclusion. In both groups, glomerular and tubular function were transiently affected, but no abnormalities were found in routine laboratory tests, suggesting that neither isoflurane nor sevoflurane in combination with dopamine and epidural anesthesia seriously affects renal function in the elderly. Received for publication on October 23, 1998; accepted on October 27, 1999     

Quantification of the degradation products of sevoflurane using four brands of CO2 absorbent in a standard anesthetic circuit

Purpose. CO₂ absorbents convert sevoflurane to fluoromethyl-2,2-difluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl) vinyl ether (compound A), whose toxicity in rats raises concern regarding the safety of sevoflurane in a low-flow system. The type of CO₂ absorbent is one of factors that affect compound A concentration in the anesthetic circuit. The aim of the present study was to investigate the concentration of compound A in an anesthetic model circuit following the use of different brands of soda lime and Baralyme. Methods. We measured the concentrations of compound A in four different brands of CO₂ absorbent using a low-flow (1 l·min⁻¹ fresh gas) model circuit in which 2% sevoflurane was circulated. Sodasorb II, Baralyme, Sofnolime and Wakolime-A were used as CO₂ absorbents. The concentration of compound A was measured hourly, and the temperature of the CO₂ absorbent was monitored. Results. The maximum concentration of compound A in the circuit was highest for Baralyme (25.5 ± 0.6 ppm) (mean ± SD), followed by Sodasorb II (18.9 ± 1.6 ppm), Wakolime-A (16.1 ± 0.7 ppm), and Sofnolime (15.8 ± 1.4 ppm). The maximum temperature was 50.8 ± 1.3°C for Baralyme, 48.8 ± 1.3°C for Wakolime-A, 47.0 ± 1.4°C for Sodasorb II, and 43.5 ± 3.9°C for Sofnolime. Conclusion. The relative concentrations of compound A in the low-flow circuit were Baralyme > Sodasorb II > Wakolime-A = Sofnolime. Received: August 27, 1999 / Accepted: January 13, 2000     

Effects of two volatile anesthetics (sevoflurane and halothane) on the hypothalamic noradrenaline release in rat brain

There are marked increases in noradrenaline (NA) release during emergence from general anesthesia induced with volatile anesthetics. These changes in NA in the posterior hypothalamus of the rat were assessed by intracranial microdialysis. Sevoflurane and halothane in equipotent concentrations were used to obtain the same depth of anesthesia. NA release increased similarly with the two agents during recovery. However, NA release remained elevated longer with halothane, from which recovery was also slower.