Single-stage repair of severe hypospadias using bladder mucosa graft

Our experience of single-stage repair of severe hypospadias (penoscrotal, scrotal, and perineal) in 30 children using urinary bladder mucosa for urethroplasty is reported. These children had severe chordee, small prepuce, and often ventral transposition of the penis with bifid scrotum where Devine and Horton, Asopa, or Duckett techniques are not so suitable. The graft uptake was uniformly satisfactory. Ten patients had complications; most of the fistulae healed spontaneously. Surgical intervention was required in 2 cases only: 1 for a fistula and another for a stricture with fistula. Meatal stenosis, seen in 4 cases, led to delayed distal fistulae in 2, which healed spontaneously with meatal dilatation. Regular dilatation of the external meatus is recommended to prevent this problem.     

广东省SARS家庭聚集性病例流行病学分析

目的　了解广东省传染性非典型肺炎 (SARS)家庭聚集性病例的流行病学特征 ,探讨家庭因素在本病传播方面的作用。方法　采用统一个案调查表 ,用描述性流行病学方法对广东省SARS家庭聚集性病例进行分析。结果　截至 5月 1 5日止 ,在广东省 1 5 1 2例SARS病例中 ,6 0户家庭出现聚集性病例 ,共 1 91例 ,占全省病例总数的1 2 6 %。家庭聚集性病例的病死率为 9 9% ,高于全省平均病死率 (3 7% ) (P <0 0 1 )。家庭聚集性病例主要发生在2 0 0 3年 1月至 3月 ,占家庭聚集性病例总数的 90 6 % (1 73/ 1 91 )。病例以 30～ 4 9岁青壮年为主 ,占 5 2 9% (1 0 1 / 1 91 ) ;职业以干部职员为主 ,占 1 3 6 % (2 6 / 1 91 ) ,其次为饮食、服务人员 ,占 1 2 6 % (2 4 / 1 91 )。 4 1 7%家庭的首发病例在发病前两周有明确或可疑接触史。在 1 2 9例家庭聚集二代感染病例中可能因陪护或探病感染发病的有 4 2户 ,共 92例 ,占71 3%。首发病例与二代病例发病时间间隔中位数为 7d。结论　家庭聚集性病例的病死率较高 ,家庭聚集性病例有较大比例可能在医院内感染 ,但家庭密切接触也是造成疫情传播的原因之一 ,控制医院内感染和及早对病例进行家庭隔离可以减少聚集性病例的出现     

急性重症胰腺炎中转手术时机探讨

目的 探讨非手术治疗急性重症胰腺炎中转手术的时机及指征。方法 回顾分析1991年5月～2003年12月我科收治的308例急性重症胰腺炎患者的并发症发生率、死亡率及中转手术情况。结果 治愈284例(92．2％)，死亡24例(7．8％)。治疗过程中109例出现并发症，其中胰腺坏死组织继发感染12例，胰腺假性囊肿52例，多器官功能损害或衰竭24例，单个器官功能损害27例。中转手术23例(7．5％)，其中行胰腺坏死组织清除12例，胰腺假性囊肿感染引流2例，腹腔引流5例，胰腺脓肿引流1例，因急性坏死性胆囊炎和急性化脓性胆囊炎行胆道手术各1例，穿孔修补 胰包膜减压术1例。结论 急性重症胰腺炎早期采取积极的非手术治疗可获得满意的效果；对在非手术治疗过程中出现胰腺感染、不能控制的胆道感染、病情无好转且进行性恶化者或有其他外科并发症者及时中转手术，可望提高急性重症胰腺炎的治愈率。     

SARS一线护士的健康调查及防治对策的探讨

目的 调查从事SARS一线护理工作的护士健康状况，为制定合理的卫生保健措施提供可借鉴的建议。方法 对一线工作人员不同时间点的各项生理指标进行观测，并根据结果采取针对措施。结果 一线工作护士各项生理指标均较正常时出现明显波动，采取相应措施后有明显改善。结论 良好的防治措施对改善一线护士的健康状况大有裨益。     

重度磨耗患者髁道运动学初步评价

评价重度磨耗患者后方髁道运动学特征 ,探讨髁状突运动与牙合重建的关系。方法 :运用Pantronic髁状突运动描记系统和D5ADenar全调节式咬合架 ,对 15例中老年重度磨耗患者后方髁道决定因素对牙合运动的影响 ,以及对 5例已完成咬合重建的重度磨耗患者髁道运动学特征进行初步评价。结果 :15例重度磨耗患者平均髁间距离为 ( 60 .72± 4.40 )mm ,迅即侧移量 (ISS) 1.3 5mm (右 )和 1.2 4mm (左 ) ,渐进侧移量 (PSS)为14 .65°(右 )与 17.11°(左 ) ,前伸髁导斜度 (PRO)为 2 3 .45°(右 )与 2 6.85°(左 ) ,非工作侧髁道值 (ORB)为 2 6.5 0° ,前伸髁导斜度与非工作侧髁道之间极相关 ,存在较小的Fisher角。结论 :咬合重建主要影响侧移量和Pantronic重复运动指数 (PRI)的大小 ,反映出下颌侧方边缘运动限制所恢复的程度。但牙合重建对非工作侧髁道没有明显的影响 ,运动道的变化并不能预测治疗的效果。     

急性传染性非典型肺炎的影像表现

目的探讨急性传染性非典型肺炎(SARS)的X线表现及变化规律.方法回顾性分析临床诊断SARS的61例患者,对发病后的一系列胸片和CT影像进行统计分析.结果患者以发热为最早起病症状,88.5%患者在起病1周内肺部出现肺局灶性斑片状模糊影,并迅速扩大.2周内病变达高峰,有57.4%患者两肺大部分肺野受累,病情重.83.6%患者在5周内肺部阴影逐渐消散.在恢复期16例CT扫描中,有13例显示肺部遗留纤维化病灶.有6例患者合并感染,病期延长,4例死亡.结论SARS早期出现肺部炎性改变,发展迅速,大部分两肺受累,重症比例高,易致肺纤维化.     

Outcome of a conservative approach in severe ulcerative colitis.

BACKGROUND: Severe ulcerative colitis is potentially life threatening even though a policy of intensive medical management and early colectomy in recent years reduced mortality to almost zero. However, colectomy, with or without ileal-anal anastomosis, has its own problems (morbidity, pouchitis, cuffitis) and no reliable prognostic index of surgical outcome has been developed. Intravenous steroids are still the mainstay of medical therapy but their maximal duration before stating a 'treatment failure' has not been defined. AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate the effectiveness, safety and outcome of an intensive medical approach in a series of patients with severe ulcerative colitis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred and forty-nine episodes of severe ulcerative colitis in 115 patients admitted to a Gastroenterology Unit in a 7-year period were retrospectively evaluated. Intravenous glucocorticosteroids--methylprednisolone 1 mg/kg/day--and topical steroids were administered, and supportive treatments with intensive monitoring were extended to all the patients. Second-line strategies for steroid-refractoriness were prolonged glucocorticosteroids treatment, oral ciclosporin, infliximab or surgery. RESULTS: The median number of Truelove criteria at admission was 3 (range 2-5), median CRP 34 mg/l (range 10-196). Median follow-up after discharge was 49 months. In 84 (57%) episodes an early response was noted, while 65 (43%) did not respond within 10 days to the standard steroid treatment. In the non-responders group, 28 patients went into remission with a prolonged steroid treatment (slow responders); 15 patients were treated with ciclosporin (eight responders) and 6 with infliximab (four responders). A total of 24 colectomies was performed in this group of patients (in 21 cases within 30 days from admission). Slow responders showed lower albumin levels (P = 0.02), higher cumulative dose of glucocorticosteroids in the year prior to admission (P = 0.02) and higher age (P = 0.03), in comparison with early responders. Major complications were noted in four episodes which responded to medical treatment. Disease-related mortality was zero. CONCLUSIONS: Medical treatment and use of second-line therapies were effective in the present series of patients. A group of slow responders has been identified and, if an intensive medical monitoring is guaranteed, steroids can be safely prolonged after the first 10 days of treatment. Cumulatively, about 80% of the patients responded to short-term medical treatment, only 5% of the patients underwent colectomy in the follow-up period. Major adverse events were recorded in four patients, who had recovered completely after adequate medical treatment.     

某医院传染性非典型肺炎疫情分析

目的：分析某医院SARS疫情的发生、发展及控制过程，为疫情控制提供一定的参考依据。方法：依照卫生部推荐的统一个案调查表和临床诊断标准，描述疫情的三间分布以及发放防护用品的数量与病例数的关系。结果：某医院疫情暴发曲线由3个暴发高峰组成，前两个峰较大，后一个峰较小，呈散发。提示病例传染共形成“三代”流行。结论：采用严密的综合防护措施，能够彻底控制SARS疫情在医院的暴发。     

SARS胸部影像表现与评价(附75例分析)

目的：回顾分析75例严重急性呼吸综合症(SARS)病例，探讨该病影像学表现及其与临床治疗有关的问题。方法：全部75例患者均行胸片检查，一般隔日行影像追踪复查。结果：胸部X线表现为肺实质渗出病灶为主，肺内网状改变及肺门片块影较少。影像表现与临床病程有一定关系。结论：胸部影像表现以肺实质渗出病灶较常见。胸片检查是进行本病诊断和评估病程及疗效的重要方法。     

再生医学技术在烧伤传统治疗无效病人中的应用(附38例报告)

目的：总结重度烧伤传统疗法无效改为再生医学(MEBT/MEB0)技术治疗变化规律和临床验．方法：将我科l995年5月至2002年5月收治的院外采用传统疗法无效改用MEBT/MEBO技术治疗的38例重度烧伤病人临床资料进行回顾性总结，病人一旦入院创面均改用MEBT/MEBO治疗，初始予以彻底清创，规范用药、规范操作，规范认识；全身实行系统综合治疗措施．以临床观察和病人感觉评价治疗效果。结果：本组38例全部治愈，末植皮自行愈合者21例．占55.26％．深Ⅲ度创面自愿要求植皮者17例，占44.74％。经随访多数无增生性瘢痕，部分愈后有局限性瘢癌，质软无残废。结论：重度烧伤经传统疗法久治不愈或疗效欠佳病人．病情复杂，并发症较多治疗难度也较大，再生医学可有效改善以上缺陷和病症．是重度烧伤病人传统治疗无效时的理想疗法。