肾上腺皮质激素对柯萨奇B3病毒感染小鼠心肌的保护作用

目的 探讨肾上腺皮质激素对柯萨奇岛病毒感染小鼠心肌损害的治疗作用。方法将200只4周龄Balb／c小鼠随机分为正常对照组、病毒对照组和病毒感染后早期激素治疗组、中期激素治疗组及晚期激素治疗组，每组加只。在病毒感染后不同时期计算心肌病理积分，空斑形成单位法测定心肌细胞病毒滴度，化学发光法检测血清肌钙蛋白I水平。结果病毒感染后7-10天，柯萨奇B3病毒感染各组小鼠心肌病理积分均显著高于正常对照组，而各感染组之间无显著性差异。病毒感染后14天，中期激素治疗组小鼠心肌病理积分显著低于其他病毒感染组，30天后中期激素治疗组小鼠心肌已完全正常，而其他各组小鼠心肌仍有病变。病毒感染后早期激素治疗组心肌病毒滴度显著高于其他各组，且消失慢。病毒性心肌炎小鼠血清肌钙蛋白I水平显著升高，并与病理变化呈直线正相关。结论肾上腺皮质激素可以明显减轻病毒性心肌炎时心肌的病理损害，对心肌细胞有保护作用，尤以病毒感染中期使用激素治疗疗效最好。     

Prognostic value of frontal QRS-T angle in predicting survival after primary percutaneous coronary revascularization/coronary artery bypass grafting for ST-elevation myocardial infarction

BackgroundFrontal QRS-T angle (FQRST) has previously been correlated with mortality in patients with stable coronary artery disease, but its role as survival predictor after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains unknown.MethodsWe evaluated 267 consecutive patients with STEMI undergoing reperfusion or coronary artery bypass grafting. Data assessed included demographics, clinical presentation, electrocardiograms, medical therapy, and one-year mortality.ResultsOf 267 patients, 187 (70%) were males and most (49.4%) patients were Caucasian. All-cause mortality was significantly higher among patients with the highest (101–180°) FQRST [28% vs. 15%, p = 0.02]. Patients with FQRST 1–50° had higher survival (85.6%) compared with FQRST = 51–100° (72.3%) and FQRST = 101–180° (67.9%), [log rank, p = 0.01]. Adjusting for significant variables identified during univariate analysis, FQRST (OR = 2.04 [95% CI: 1.31–13.50]) remained an independent predictor of one-year mortality. FQRST-based risk score (1–50° = 0 points, 51–100° = 2 points, 101–180° = 5 points) had excellent discriminatory ability for one-year mortality when combined with Mayo Clinic Risk Score (C statistic = 0.875 [95%CI: 0.813–0.937]. A high (>4 points) FQRST risk score was associated with greater mortality (32% vs. 19%, p = 0.02) and longer length of stay (6 vs. 2 days, p < 0.001).ConclusionFQRST represents a novel independent predictor of one-year mortality in patients with STEMI undergoing reperfusion. A high FQRST-based risk score was associated with greater mortality and longer length of stay and, after combining with Mayo Clinic Risk Score, improved discriminatory ability for one-year mortality.     

The role of femoral offset and abductor lever arm in total hip arthroplasty

Background

In order to create a well-functioning total hip arthroplasty (THA), it is important to restore femoral off-set and thus the abductor lever arm. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical effect of increasing the abductor lever arm to and beyond the anatomical native lever arm in minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty performed through a direct anterior approach.

Materials and methods

We compared the lever arm of the operated hip to the lever arm of the contralateral native hip on radiographs in 148 patients following THA. The patients were divided in two groups based on whether they kept their anatomical lever arm or had an increased lever arm. The clinical outcome was assessed using hip osteoarthritis outcome score (HOOS), Harris hip score and UCLA activity score.

Results

Patients who kept their anatomical lever arm did not experience a significantly better clinical outcome than the patients with an increased abductor lever arm. We found no significant difference in clinical scores at any of the follow-ups during the first year after THA.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that an increase in the abductor lever arm does not have major effects on the clinical outcome after THA. To avoid the potential negative effects of decreasing the lever arm, the surgeon should aim for an equal or slightly increased lever arm.Level of evidence Level 3, prospective cohort study.     

丹红注射液对低营养小鼠生理与生化指标的影响

摘要目的观察小剂量丹红注射液对低营养模型小鼠生理及生化指标的影响,并评价其安全性。检验该体系在中药注射剂安全性再评价中的实用价值。方法选取生长期ICR小鼠32只,制备玉米低营养小鼠模型,分为正常对照组（给予0.9%氯化钠溶液）,以及丹红注射液小、中、大3个剂量（0.2,0.4及0.6 mL）组,每组8只;连续腹腔给药7 d,于第8天取血样后处死,完整剖取9种脏器组织,检测相关生理、生化指标。采用损益指数 总积分（BDI GS）体系评价丹红注射液安全性。结果丹红注射液对主要脏器或组织损伤较轻,BDI值均＞0.85,GS值均＞9.0;不同剂量丹红注射液对脾脏及胰腺的BDI值均＞1.0,表现出良好的补益及健康效应,与正常对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）。同时,表现出良好的降血糖效应。结论丹红注射液在小剂量下用药风险低,安全性良好。同时,低营养模型结合BDI GS体系可以作为临床中药注射剂安全性再评价的一种新方式。     

Serum Gamma-glutamyl Transferase Concentration Within the Reference Range is Related to the Coronary Heart Disease Risk Prediction in Korean Men: Analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (V-1, 2010 and V-2, 2011)

Background:Limited data exist on the association of serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) level within the reference range with the increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) prediction in men.The...     

Plasma α1-antitrypsin: A Neglected Predictor of Angiographic Severity in Patients with Stable Angina Pectoris

Background:

As an acute phase protein, α1-antitrypsin (AAT) has been extensively studied in acute coronary syndrome, but it is unclear whether a relationship exists between AAT and stable angina pectoris (SAP). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between AAT plasma levels and SAP.

Methods:

Overall, 103 SAP patients diagnosed by coronary angiography and clinical manifestations and 118 control subjects matched for age and gender were enrolled in this case-control study. Plasma levels of AAT, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), lipid profiles and other clinical parameters were assayed for all participants. The severity of coronary lesions was evaluated based on the Gensini score (GS) assessed by coronary angiography.

Results:

Positively correlated with the GS (r = 0.564, P < 0.001), the plasma AAT level in the SAP group was significantly higher than that in the control group (142.08 ± 19.61 mg/dl vs. 125.50 ± 19.67 mg/dl, P < 0.001). The plasma AAT level was an independent predictor for both SAP (odds ratio [OR] = 1.037, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.020–1.054, P < 0.001) and a high GS (OR = 1.087, 95% CI: 1.051–1.124, P < 0.001) in a multivariate logistic regression model. In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, plasma AAT level was found to have a larger area under the curve (AUC) for predicting a high GS (AUC = 0.858, 95% CI: 0.788–0.929, P < 0.001) than that of hsCRP (AUC = 0.665, 95% CI: 0.557–0.773, P = 0.006; Z = 2.9363, P < 0.001), with an optimal cut-off value of 137.85 mg/dl (sensitivity: 94.3%, specificity: 68.2%).

Conclusions:

Plasma AAT levels correlate with both the presence and severity of coronary stenosis in patients with SAP, suggesting that it could be a potential predictive marker of severe stenosis in SAP patients.     

Recent developments in clinimetric instruments

Summary.  Assessment of impairment and function is essential in order to monitor joint status and evaluate therapeutic interventions in patients with haemophilia. The improvements in the treatment of haemophilia have required the development of more sensitive tools to detect the more minor dysfunctions that may now be apparent. This paper outlines some of the recent developments in this field. The Haemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS) provides a systematic and robust measure of joint impairment. The MRI Scoring System has been designed to provide a comprehensive scoring system combining both progressive and additive scales. The Functional Independence Score for Haemophilia (FISH) has been developed to assess performance of functional activities and can be used in conjunction with the Haemophilia Activities List (HAL) which provides a self report measure of function. It is recommended that both measures are evaluated as these tools measure different constructs. Further refinement and testing of the psychometric properties of all of these tools is in progress. More widespread use of these tools will enable the sharing of data across the world so promoting best practice and ultimately enhancing patient care.     

ATRIA评分与血清胱抑素C的关系及其对急性脑梗死合并房颤预后的价值

目的 对急性脑梗死合并房颤患者进行ATRIA评分,评价ATRIA评分与血清胱抑素C（Cys-C）水平的相关性,及其对急性脑梗死合并房颤患者短期预后的预测价值。方法 107例住院治疗的急性脑梗死合并房颤患者根据ATRIA评分为低危、中危、高危组,比较组间年龄、既往史、Cys-C、估算的肾小球滤过率（eGFR）、血肌酐（Scr）、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分的差异,并分析ATRIA评分与肾功能参数的相关性。以出院时mRS＞3分为短期严重预后不良的评断标准将患者分为mRS≤3分组、mRS＞3分组,评价ATRIA评分及Cys-C等参数对于急性脑梗死合并房颤患者短期预后的预测价值。结果ATRIA评分低、中、高危组患者在年龄、高血压、既往卒中病史、Cys-C水平组间比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05或0.01）。Spearman秩相关分析显示,ATRIA评分与eGFR、Scr水平均无相关性（r=-0.187、0.185,均P＞0.05）,而与Cys-C水平有显著相关性（r=0.276,P＜0.01）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示入院时NIHSS评分（OR=1.28,P＜0.01）、Cys-C水平高（OR=8.88,P＜0.05）是急性脑梗死合并房颤患者短期严重预后不良的独立危险因素。结论急性脑梗死合并房颤患者ATRIA评分与Cys-C呈正相关。Cys-C是急性脑梗死合并房颤患者短期严重预后不良的一项较为敏感的指标。     

国家早期预警评分系统对老年急危重症患者病情的评估作用

目的：应用国家早期预警评分（NEWS）系统对老年急危重症患者急诊病情进行评估,评价NEWS对老年患者病情的评估作用。方法对我院急诊抢救室收治的361例≥60岁老年急危重患者进行NEWS评分,跟踪患者24h内病情变化、急诊转归停留期以及预后,绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线,寻找最佳截点。以最佳截点为界分为低分组和高分组,比较两组间24h内病情变化、入住监护病房和急诊停留期间死亡,以及30d内死亡的发生率。结果 NEWS可预测患者24h内病情变化、急诊转归、预后的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）分别为（0.776±0.043）,（0.970±0.011）,（0.861±0.039）,最佳截断点分别为7分,6分,8分。以6分为最佳截断点,分为高分组与低分组,比较两组之间24h内病情变化、入住监护病房和急诊停留期间死亡,以及30d内死亡的发生率,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。结论 NEWS能有效评估老年急危重症患者病情。