输卵管切除术对体外受精-胚胎移植中卵巢反应性和妊娠结局的影响

目的评价输卵管切除术是否影响体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF-ET）周期中卵巢对促排卵药物的反应性和妊娠结局。方法回顾性分析2006年1月至2007年12间于广州医学院第三附属医院生殖医学中心行IVF-ET的单（106例）、双侧输卵管切除（60例）和双侧输卵管阻塞（360例）的不孕患者,比较三组对促性腺激素（Gn）的反应性和妊娠结局。结果无论是Gn用量、用药天数、HCG日内膜厚度和≥12mm卵泡数、获卵数、受精数、优胚数、胚胎移植个数,还是妊娠率、种植率、流产率、异位妊娠率、多胎率和继续妊娠率,三组中均无统计学差异。周期取消率在双侧输卵管梗阻组、一侧和双侧输卵管切除组分别为1.9%、2.8%和5.0%,但差异无显著性。结论输卵管切除不影响IVF-ET周期卵巢对Gn的反应性和妊娠结局。输卵管切除术前应结合患者的具体病情综合考虑。     

Cornual Suture at the Time of Laparoscopic Salpingectomy Reduces the Incidence of Interstitial Pregnancy after In Vitro Fertilization

Study Objective

To investigate the effect of cornual suture at the time of laparoscopic salpingectomy on the incidence of interstitial pregnancy (IP) after in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Review of Sterilization Techniques and Clinical Updates

Sterilization is the most common form of contraception used worldwide and is highly effective in preventing unintended pregnancy. Each of the available sterilization methods has unique advantages and disadvantages that influence the choice of approach for each individual patient. Salpingectomy for sterilization has become more popular in recent years, with mounting evidence suggesting a protective effect against ovarian cancers originating in the fallopian tube. At the same time, Essure hysteroscopic sterilization has come under scrutiny because of increasing reports of possible adverse effects associated with its use. Here we review clinical updates in sterilization techniques, with a focus on salpingectomy and Essure hysteroscopic sterilization.     

Hydrosalpinx Sclerotherapy Before In Vitro Fertilization: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

The presence of a hydrosalpinx has been shown to impair the outcome of in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. This outcome can be improved by removing the hydrosalpinx; however, there are some concerns regarding its feasibility and safety, especially in women with previous surgeries and dense adhesions. The purpose of our meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of hydrosalpinx aspiration with or without sclerotherapy on the risk of recurrence and the IVF outcome compared with salpingectomy or no intervention. We performed an electronic-based search using PubMed, Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, Google Scholar, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Our main outcome measures were the recurrence rate, fertility outcome, and adverse events. Ten studies were included in our review. The overall recurrence rates of hydrosalpinx aspiration with or without sclerotherapy were 21.7% to 30.5% and 21.8% to 32.5%, respectively. There was no difference in the clinical pregnancy or miscarriage rate between hydrosalpinx sclerotherapy and salpingectomy. When compared with salpingectomy, hydrosalpinx aspiration only was associated with a significantly lower clinical pregnancy rate and higher miscarriage rate. Compared with no intervention, hydrosalpinx aspiration resulted in significantly higher clinical pregnancies rates but a similar miscarriage rate. We conclude that hydrosalpinx sclerotherapy before IVF improves the fertility outcome and can be used as an alternative to salpingectomy.     

输卵管开窗术与患侧输卵管切除术治疗输卵管妊娠的效果比较

目的：研究针对输卵管妊娠患者分别采用腹腔镜下输卵管开窗术和患侧输卵管切除术后对患者生育功能的影响。方法2010年1月~2013年1月于我院行腹腔镜保留生育功能术式治疗的147例输卵管妊娠患者,按照术式不同分为观察组74例和对照组73例,观察组采用输卵管开窗术,对照组采用患侧输卵管切除术,观察两组手术情况和术后2年妊娠情况。结果两组手术时间、术中出血量比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;观察组术后2年异位妊娠率为5.4%,略高于对照组（4.1%）,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。观察组术后2年宫内妊娠率为68.9%,高于对照组（56.2%）,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论针对输卵管妊娠患者采用腹腔镜下输卵管开窗术,术后宫内妊娠率较高,在保留术后生育功能方面的效果较佳。     

腹腔镜下抽芯法输卵管切除术治疗输卵管积水对卵巢功能影响的研究

目的：探讨腹腔镜下抽芯法输卵管切除术对卵巢功能的影响。方法：选取2011年6月-2012年12月因输卵管积水不孕患者62例在江西省妇幼保健生殖健康中心行体外受精胚胎移植前预处理输卵管积水,根据患者意愿及手术方式分为三组,A组20例行腹腔镜下抽芯法输卵管切除术,B组20例行腹腔镜下输卵管远端造口近端离断术,C组22例行腹腔镜下传统输卵管切除术,比较三组手术前、后基础内分泌激素水平,基础窦卵泡数值及IVF-ET结局。结果：三组术前基础内分泌激素比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,C组FSH水平术后（14.89±7.15）IU/L与术前（6.11±2.71）IU/L比较有明显升高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。三组术后LH及E2水平与术前比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;C组基础窦卵泡数术后（5.5±4.8）个与术前（8.2±1.8）个比较显著降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。C组术后基础窦卵泡数值显著低于A、B两组;C组应用Gn用量均较其他两组多,比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;A、B两组获卵数均高于C组,但三组无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。A组临床妊娠率（40.23%）高于B组（38.49%）和C组（27.28%）,与C组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：抽芯法输卵管切除术不影响卵巢储备功能,可提高临床妊娠率,是输卵管积水不孕患者行IVF-ET前预处理较理想的治疗方式。     

Psychomotor skills and cognitive load training on a virtual reality laparoscopic simulator for tubal surgery is effective

Objectives

Validation of a virtual reality (VR) simulator for the training and assessment of laparoscopic tubal surgery and mapping of cognitive load.

Study design

Prospective cohort study conducted at the Imperial College Virtual Reality Surgical Skills laboratory amongst 25 trainees and nine senior gynaecologists. Participants performed two sessions of salpingectomy and salpingotomy procedures on a VR simulator to assess construct validity. Nine novices performed ten such sessions to enable assessment of the learning curve. The relationship between cognitive load and the dexterity parameters was assessed. Simulator fidelity was reported by experienced and intermediate level gynaecologists. Statistical analyses utilised non-parametric tests, Kruskall–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests. Learning curves were assessed using the Friedman test and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test. Relationship between dexterity metrics and cognitive load was performed using Spearman's rank order correlation.

Results

Salpingectomy demonstrated construct validity for time taken by experienced, intermediate and novice gynaecologists (median 170 vs. 191 vs. 313 s (P = 0.003) respectively) and movements (median 200 vs. 267 vs. 376 s, P = 0.045). Salpingotomy demonstrated construct validity for time taken (median 183 vs. 191 vs. 306 s, P = <0.001) and movements (median 210 vs. 233 vs. 328 s, P = 0.005). Learning curve analysis for salpingectomy displayed a plateau for time taken after the eighth session, and the fourth session for movements. Salpingotomy displayed a plateau after the eighth session for both time taken and movements. Cognitive load correlated significantly with dexterity parameters. The fidelity scores were not significantly different between the two procedures (P = 0.619).

Conclusion

The LAP Mentor VR laparoscopic simulator is a valid and effective tool for training novice surgeons in ectopic pregnancy surgery. Reduction in cognitive load significantly correlates with the learning curves.     

腹腔镜下开窗取胚术对输卵管妊娠患者术后血清β-HCG和卵巢生殖功能的影响

目的探讨腹腔镜下开窗取胚术对输卵管妊娠患者术后血清β-人绒毛膜促性腺激素(β-HCG)和卵巢生殖功能的影响。方法回顾性分析2016年5月至2019年8月在海口市妇幼保健院接受腹腔镜手术且经病理确诊的149例输卵管妊娠患者临床资料,其中接受腹腔镜下患侧输卵管切除术66例和开窗取胚术83例,分别记为切除组和开窗取胚组。比较2组围手术期指标和血清β-HCG水平下降率和恢复正常时间。术后均获得随访≥12个月,比较2组抗苗勒管激素(AMH)、阴道超声检查和随访妊娠情况。结果开窗取胚组手术时间和术后血清β-HCG恢复正常时间分别为(54.37±6.38) min、(9.47±2.06) d,长于切除组[(49.50±5.75) min、(8.42±1.95) d],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后3、7 d血清β-HCG下降率为(85.69±7.74)%、(90.17±4.36)%,低于切除组[(89.29±7.28)%、(93.25±4.47)%],差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。2组术后3个月血清AMH水平均较术前明显下降,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05),开窗取胚组术后3个月血清AMH为(3.52±0.48) ng/mL,高于切除组[(3.29±0.42) ng/mL],差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。阴道超声复查显示,开窗取胚组术后3、6个月患侧卵巢体积[(7.67±1.40)、(8.62±1.52) cm~3]和窦卵泡个数[(6.42±1.60)、(7.38±2.23)个]明显高于切除组[(6.95±1.34)、(8.07±1.46) cm~3和(4.98±1.35)、(6.53±2.01)个],差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。术后12个月随访资料显示,开窗取胚组宫内妊娠率(65.06%)高于切除组(48.48%),差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论腹腔镜下开窗取胚术与输卵管切除术比较,手术时间延长且术后血清β-HCG恢复较慢,但较好保护卵巢生殖功能,提高宫内妊娠率。