骨宝对正常大鼠骨组织形态学影响的定量研究

分别用５、１５ｇ／ｋｇ的骨宝给３月龄ＳＤ大鼠灌胃、每周６次，１８０ｄ。不脱钙骨制片，用图象定量法，测量大鼠胫骨近有小梁。结果：高剂量骨宝组与对照组比较，骨吸收减少３１％，骨面积增中３９％。     

Frequency of proteinuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus seen at a diabetes centre in southern India

The frequency of proteinuria was assessed in a cohort of 1848 diabetic patients attending a diabetes centre in south India. A total of 127 (6.9%) patients had evidence of macroproteinuria and 49 (2.5%) patients had microproteinuria. Thus overall 9.4% of patients had diabetes related proteinuria. In addition, 70 patients (3.8%) had evidence of proteinuria with no evidence of retinopathy. The frequency of both microproteinuria and macroproteinuria increased linearly with duration of diabetes. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that duration of diabetes, serum creatinine, and glycated haemoglobin were risk factors for macroproteinuria.     

阿胶、鹿角胶和龟甲胶的理化性质比较研究

 目的：研究中药阿胶、鹿角胶和龟甲胶的理化性质，寻求各自内在特征。方法：采用红外、紫外、原子吸收光谱、氨基酸自动分析色谱及PC，TLC，HPLC，SDS-APGE电泳法进行定性鉴别。结果：3种胶的UV光谱图、HPLC指纹图及SDS-PAGE电泳分析的分子质量分布差别显著。结论：UV光谱图、HPLC指纹图及蛋白质的分子质量分布可作为鉴别3种胶真伪优劣的依据。     

当归多糖铁的合成及一般特性

利用中医常用的补血药物当归提取当归多糖，进而合成当归多糖铁。当归多糖铁作为一种新型补铁剂，与国外的补铁剂具有相似的物理、化学特性和药理作用，本文介绍了当归多糖铁的制备、含铁量的测定及当归多糖铁的一般特性。     

Renal functional reserve in insulin dependent diabetic children

Abstract Background: Microalbuminuria has been shown to be predictive for clinical diabetic nephropathy. Renal functional reserve (RFR), as a response to protein loading in a short period of time, is a parameter to assess the ability of kidneys to increase the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The aim of this study was to predict the early phase of diabetic nephropathy by measuring urinary albumin level and RFR capacity in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM).
Methods: Twenty-two patients with IDDM were studied: 11 with a disease duration of less than 5 years (group 1) and 11 with a disease duration of more than 5 years (group 2). As the control group, 15 healthy children (group 3) were included in the study. At the beginning of the study, glucose was measured and the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio was calculated. Average glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA₁c) over 1 year was determined. After protein loading (red meat containing 2 g/kg of protein), the creatinine clearance was calculated at each hour for a duration of 4 h. The RFR was accepted as the peak percentage increase in GFR over the baseline value.
Results: Although metabolic control in group 2 was better, the RFR in group 2 was significantly lower than in group 1 (P < 0.05). Urinary microalbumin levels between the groups did not differ (P < 0.05). In two patients in whom microalbuminuria was detected, the RFR was much lower.
Conclusions: Detecting lower RFR levels in patients with normal urinary albumin excretion, as well as in patients with microalbuminuria, may support the idea that the RFR capacity is more sensitive than microalbuminuria in assessing the early phase of diabetic nephropathy.     

Diabetic nephropathy in children and adolescents: a critical review with particular reference to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

Clinical diabetic nephropathy is a well-recognized cause of increased morbidity and mortality in patients with type 1 diabetes. The finding that microalbuminuria predicts progression to overt nephropathy has allowed early diagnosis and preventive interventions. Several studies have demonstrated that treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors slows down the rate of decline of the glomerular filtration rate in type 1 diabetes patients with established proteinuria. The renoprotective properties of the ACE inhibitor captopril extend beyond its antihypertensive effects. ACE inhibitors represent the most appropriate class of antihypertensive drugs for treating type 1 diabetes patients because of their efficacy and safety. When microalbuminuria is detected and confirmed in a diabetic child or adolescent, and if it persists despite 6-12 months of improved metabolic control, treatment with ACE inhibitors should be started, even if the child is normotensive. Careful follow-up of renal function is essential.     

Advanced glycosylation end products, protein kinase C and renal alterations in diabetic rats

Objective To study the relationship between advanced glycosylation end products (AGE) an d protein kinase C (PKC), and their effects on renal alteration in diabetic rats .
Methods Insulin or aminoguanidine was administered to diabetic rats. Blood glucose, hem oglobin A_1C (HbA_1C), glomerular tissue extracts AGE (GTE-AGE), PKC, glomerular basement membrane thickness (GBMT) and urine protein/creatinine ( Pr/Cr) ratio in diabetic rats were measured and analysed.
Results Levels of blood glucose, HbA_1C and AGE, PKC activity, the Pr/Cr ratio an d GBMT were all significantly increased (P values all less than 0.01) in di abetic rats. Insulin could decrease the formation of HbA_1C and AGE, and improve PKC activity. Aminoguanidine had no influence on PKC activity (P >0.05) although it decreased the formation of AGE. Both drugs could delay t he increase of urine Pr/Cr ratio and GBMT (P<0.05 or P<0.01).
Conclusions Chronic hyperglycemia may lead to an increase of PKC activity. HbA_1Cand AGE may not directly contribute to alterations of PKC activity, but the increa se of PKC activity could promote the action of AGE on GBM thickening. It is imp ortant t o inhibit the formation of AGE and reduce the PKC activity so as to prevent or d elay the development of diabetic nephropathy.     

组织蛋白酶D表达对乳腺癌预后的意义

 用免疫组化法检57例乳腺癌患者的Cath-D在乳腺癌组织中间质细胞和癌细胞的表达情况。结果表明：间质细胞Cath—D的表达强度高于癌细胞（P＜0.01）；Cath—D阳性表达与乳腺癌的淋巴结转移呈正相关（P＜0.005）与五年生存期呈负相关（P＜O.0O5）；在无淋巴结和小于4个转移的病例中，间质Cath—D阳性表达与五年生存期呈负相关（P＜0.005），而癌细胞的阳性与淋巴结转移情况和五年生存期的关系无统计学意义。本研究提示乳腺癌间质Cath—D表达能作为预测乳腺癌预后因素之一。对选择高危人群进行针对性治疗有意义。     

钙和维生素D对高脂饮食诱发的小鼠乳腺上皮增生的影响

本研究目的是观察饮食中添加钙和维生素D对高脂饮食诱发的小鼠乳腺上皮细胞增生的影响。将四周龄小鼠随机分成三组，分别给予对照AIN－76A饲料，高脂低钙低维生素D饲料（试验饲料Ⅰ）和高脂加钙加维生素D饲料（试验饲料Ⅱ）。饲养九周后终止试验，小鼠植入渗透泵灌注溴脱氧尿苷（Brdu）72小时。结果显示试验饲料Ⅰ组的小鼠乳腺终末小导管上皮细胞Brdu标记指数与对照饲料组比较明显升高（P＜0．05）。而试验饲料Ⅱ组的BrdU标记指数与对照组相似（P＞0．05）。本实验研究发现进一步证明，高脂饮食能诱发小鼠乳腺小导管上皮细胞的增生，同时也提示饮食中添加钙和维生素D有助于预防高脂饮食的这种不良作用。     

组织蛋白酶D在ⅡB型骨肉瘤中的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨组织蛋白酶Ｄ（ＣＤ）与骨肉瘤患者预后的关系。方法应用免疫组化技术检测３４例骨肉瘤组织标本中的ＣＤ表达水平，并结合患者临床病案记录和随访资料进行分析。结果ＣＤ高表达与低表达之间的肿瘤转移人数和２年生存人数差异显著，且ＣＤ低表达患者的平均生存时间较高表达者为长。经Ｋａｐｌａｎ┐Ｍｅｉｅｒ分析，两组间生存率有显著差异。结论ＣＤ高表达的骨肉瘤易发生转移，预后不良，应加强治疗。