Detection of proteinous toxins using the Bio-Threat Alert system, part 3: effects of heat pretreatment and interfering substances

We previously reported that the Guardian Bio-Threat Alert (BTA) system could detect (detection limit: about 0.1 μg/ml) staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), botulinum toxins (BTX) A and B, and ricin, with no interference by white-powdered materials or colored matrices. In this study, the capability of the BTA system was further assessed. With 10 min of preheating at 60°C, all toxins could be detected, but with preheating at 80°C, BTX A and B and ricin became undetectable. About 20% SEB could be detected after heating at 80°C, but this detection ability was completely removed after heating at 100°C. The effects of chemicals usually used for decontamination, such as sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, formaldehyde, and sodium nitrite, on the detectability of SEB, BTX A, or ricin in the BTA system were also tested. The concentrations giving 50% line intensity for SEB, BTX A, and ricin were 3.1, 11, and 15 μM for sodium hypochlorite and 88, 210, and 60 mM for formaldehyde, respectively. The addition of hydrogen peroxide or sodium nitrite did not decrease the detectability even when used at high concentrations.     

克罗恩病并发肠瘘的诊断与治疗

目的探讨克罗恩病(CD)并发肠瘘的诊断与治疗方法。方法对1978至2004年收治的62例CD并发肠瘘患者的临床资料进行分析。结果本组肠外瘘68例次,其中多发瘘6例次;肠内瘘8例次。肠瘘以末端回肠瘘(27例次)和回结肠吻合口瘘(21例次)为主。手术方式主要为回结肠吻合口拆除重建(26例次)和回盲部切除回结肠吻合(14例次)。首次肠瘘、术后服用免疫药物者复发率15.4%,明显低于未服药患者(34.8%);复发时间为(40±17)个月,明显长于不服药组的(8±3)个月;两组比较,P<0.01。结论CD合并的肠瘘以肠外瘘为主。主要手术方法为瘘口切除与肠吻合术。术后应用免疫抑制药物可降低CD合并肠瘘的复发率。     

Die bronchopulmonale Dysplasie Frühgeborener

In very preterm neonates, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) complicates the course of respiratory distress syndrome, i.e., primary surfactant deficiency in a structural immature lung. In Germany, about 11 000 preterms having a gestational age below 32 weeks are born and treated in neonatal intensive care units per year. Within this high risk group, the rate of BPD is about 15%. Relevant prenatal risk factors include intrauterine inflammatory fetal reaction as a consequence of ascending maternal infections, intrauterine growth retardation apart from the main risk factor immaturity. Postnatal risk factors include genetic predisposition, mechanical ventilation, infections and hemodynamically relevant patent ductus arteriosus.Preventive measures include intratracheal surfactant administration; new studies indicate preventive effects of caffeine, vitamin A and hydrocortisone in a subgroup of neonates with prenatal fetal inflammatory response.Due to long-term detrimental effects of BPD on lung function and psychomotor development, further experimental and clinical studies are mandatory in order to continue to reduce the BPD rate.     

血脂康对急性冠状动脉综合征患者血清高敏C-反应蛋白、血脂蛋白的影响

目的观察急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者血清高敏C-反应蛋白(Hs-CRP)、血脂水平变化及血脂康的干预情况。方法69例ACS患者随机分为血脂康组(40例)和常规治疗组(29例),治疗前后分别测定Hs-CRP、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C);另30名健康人为对照组。结果与对照组比较,ACS患者Hs-CRP水平明显升高,且与心肌损害程度密切相关。血脂康治疗2周,能明显下调ACS患者的Hs-CRP水平。结论血清Hs-CRP水平与ACS的发生、严重程度密切相关,血脂康的抗炎作用在ACS的早期治疗中有重要意义。     

妊娠期妇女外阴阴道念珠菌病的病原学和治疗研究

目的 调查孕妇外阴阴道念珠菌病(vulvovaginal candidiasis，VVC)的发病率，对检出的VVC进行病原学和治疗研究。方法 连续对产科门诊1000例孕妇进行VVC发病情况调查。对分离的念珠菌进行体外抗真菌药物敏感试验。对66例VVC患者应用咪康唑栓治疗，400mg／d，6d为一疗程。结果 孕妇VVC的发病率为12．7％(127／1000)。37．4％(374／1000)的孕妇以往有VVC病史，0．6％的孕妇为复发性VVc。127例VVC中，白念珠菌、光滑念珠菌、热带念珠菌和克柔念珠菌分别占87．1％、9．9％、1．5％和1．5％。有4例患者同时感染2种念珠菌。114株白念珠菌对咪康唑、克霉唑、氟康唑、伊曲康唑、制霉菌素耐药率依次为10．5％、2．6％、6．1％、7．9％和0。13株光滑念珠菌对咪康唑和制霉菌素均敏感，对克霉唑、伊曲康唑和氟康唑均敏感或剂量依赖敏感。应用咪康唑栓治疗的患者在治疗完成后1～2周及4～6周的病原学治愈率分别为84．8％和80．3％。结论 VVC是孕妇的常见病，白念珠菌仍然是主要致病菌，其次为光滑念珠菌。常用抗真菌药物对引起VVC的念珠菌存在不同程度的耐药率，应用咪康唑栓治疗孕妇VVC效果满意。     

Sauerstoff tragende L?sungen verbessern die Gewebeoxygenation im quergestreiften Hautmuskel nach kritischer Isch?miezeit

Zusammenfassung Fragestellung. Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war, die Effekte der Sauerstoff tragenden freien H?moglobinl?sung (Diaspirin-crosslinked-H?moglobin, DCLHb) auf die kapillare Perfusion sowie die Oxygenation im quergestreiften Hautmuskelgewebe nach kritischer Isch?miezeit und nachfolgender Reperfusion zu analysieren. Material und Methode. Die kapillare Gewebeperfusion wurde anhand der funktionellen Kapillardichte im Hautmuskel des syrischen Goldhamsters quantitativ vor der Induktion einer 4-stündigen Isch?mie sowie nach 0,5 h, 2 h und 24 h Reperfusion mittels intravitaler Fluoreszenzmikroskopie erfasst (n=8 pro Versuchsgruppe). In separaten Tieren wurde nach demselben Versuchsansatz mit der Mehrdrahtoberfl?chenelektrode (MDO, Eschweiler, Kiel) die Gewebeoxygenation gemessen (n=8 pro Versuchsgruppe). Die Tiere der Testgruppe (n=8) erhielten 15 min vor der Reperfusion eine Kurzinfusion von 5 ml/kg KG DCLHb (Diaspirin-crosslinked-H?moglobin, 10 g/dl, Baxter, IL, USA). Die Kontrolltiere (n=8) erhielten ?quivalente Dosen einer isotonen Kochsalzl?sung (Braun, Melsungen). Ergebnisse. Die funktionelle Kapillardichte als Ma? für die L?nge von erythrozytenperfundierten Kapillaren pro Beobachtungsfeld war bei den Kontrolltieren in der Reperfusionsphase dramatisch vermindert, w?hrend bei den mit DCLHb behandelten Tieren signifikant h?here Werte nachweisbar waren (p<0,05). Diese Beobachtung spiegelte sich in einer vollst?ndigen Erholung des Gewebe-pO₂ bei den Behandlungstieren wider, was in Kontrolltieren nicht erreicht wurde. Schlussfolgerungen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie zeigen, dass die Sauerstoff tragende L?sung DCLHb nach kritischer Isch?mie und Reperfusion die nutritive Perfusion und Gewebeoxygenation gegenüber kristalloiden L?sungen verbessert. Die Anwendung derartiger L?sungen scheint unter den klinischen Bedingungen einer kritischen Isch?mie daher als viel versprechender adjuvanter therapeutischer Ansatz. Electronic Publication     

对儿童X线体检中减少照射剂量的探讨

目的:探讨儿童在X线体检中减少照射剂量的方法。方法:应用东芝500mA遥控X线机、FJ-427型热释光剂量仪等设备,对100名3~5岁儿童体检时,随机分成两个对照组、每组50名,分别接受胸透或平片检查,对检查测得数据均进行统计学处理。结果:胸透时胸部接受的照射剂量是平片的22倍多,其它部位接受的X线散射剂量平均值之比亦在20~30倍之间。结论:在儿童X线体检中应采用常规胸片替代胸透,可以有效地降低其辐射危害。     

In vivo detection of single cells by MRI.

The use of high-relaxivity, intracellular contrast agents has enabled MRI monitoring of cell migration through and homing to various tissues, such as brain, spinal cord, heart, and muscle. Here it is shown that MRI can detect single cells in vivo, homing to tissue, following cell labeling and transplantation. Primary mouse hepatocytes were double-labeled with green fluorescent 1.63-microm iron oxide particles and red fluorescent endosomal labeling dye, and injected into the spleens of recipient mice. This is a common hepatocyte transplantation paradigm in rodents whereby hepatocytes migrate from the spleen to the liver as single cells. One month later the animals underwent in vivo MRI and punctuated, dark contrast regions were detected scattered through the livers. MRI of perfused, fixed samples and labeled hepatocyte phantoms in combination with histological evaluation confirmed the presence of dispersed single hepatocytes grafted into the livers. Appropriate controls were used to determine whether the observed contrast could have been due to dead cells or free particles, and the results confirmed that the contrast was due to disperse, single cells. Detecting single cells in vivo opens the door to a number of experiments, such as monitoring rare cellular events, assessing the kinetics of stem cell homing, and achieving early detection of metastases.     

消化性溃疡病因分析

[目的]探讨幽门螺旋杆菌感染和非甾体类消炎药应用与消化性溃疡的关系．[方法]对1062例消化不良患者进行内窥镜检壹、快速尿素酶实验和血清抗幽门螺旋杆菌免疫球蛋白检验，同时记录非甾体类消炎药的应用情况，计算消化不良患者消化性溃疡发病事、幽门螺旋杆菌感染率及非甾体类消炎药应用率．[结果]溃疡发病率为29．3％，幽门螺旋杆菌感染串为37．2％，非甾体类消炎药使用率为10．0％．[结论]幽门螺旋杆菌及非甾体类消炎药相互作用干上消化道黏膜．是引发消化性溃疡的重要病因．