早期咀嚼口香糖对胆道探查术后肠蠕动恢复的影响

胆道探查术是普通外科常见的手术之一,由于术中腹腔暴露、机械刺激、麻醉抑制及术后疼痛和腹部感染等因素,常可引起胃肠蠕动功能减弱,容易出现暂时性肠道功能障碍,重者可导致腹胀、腹痛、肠麻痹等,影响术后康复。临床常通过鼓励病人早期功能锻炼,     

妇科恶性肿瘤患者术后进食时间的研究

目的 比较早进食与传统进食对妇科肿瘤患者术后康复的影响.方法 将143例妇科恶性肿瘤患者随机分为早进食组71例和传统饮食组72例,早进食组患者术后6 h进流质饮食,24 h后开始少量多次地普通饮食;传统饮食组患者是术后禁食,肠蠕动恢复后开始进流质饮食,半流质饮食,慢慢过渡到普通饮食.比较两组患者术后并发症及住院时间.结果 早进食组患者住院时间（4.7±1.9）d,传统饮食组患者为（5.8±2.3）d,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.早进食组患者术后满意度高于传统饮食组,并发症和感染率低于传统饮食组（P＜0.05）.两组恶心、呕吐、止痛剂应用、疼痛及生活质量比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 术后早进食对妇科恶性肿瘤患者的康复有积极作用.     

Comparison of the efficacy and safety of sedation between dexmedetomidine-remifentanil and propofol-remifentanil during endoscopic submucosal dissection

AIM: To compare the efficacy and safety of sedation protocols for endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) between dexmedetomidine-remifentanil and propofolremifentanil.METHODS: Fifty-nine patients scheduled for ESD were randomly allocated into a dexmedetomidineremifentanil(DR) group or a propofol-remifentanil(PR) group. To control patient anxiety, dexmedetomidine or propofol was infused to maintain a score of 4-5 on the Modified Observer’s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation scale. Remifentanil was infused continuously at a rate of 6 μg/kg per hour in both groups. The ease of advancing the scope into the throat, gastric motility grading, and satisfaction of the endoscopist and patient were assessed. Hemodynamic variables and hypoxemic events were compared to evaluate patient safety.RESULTS: Demographic data were comparable between the groups. The hemodynamic variables and pulse oximetry values were stable during the procedure in both groups despite a lower heart rate in the DR group. No oxygen desaturation events occurred in either group. Although advancing the scope into the throat was easier in the PR group("very easy" 24.1% vs 56.7%, P = 0.010), gastric motility was moresuppressed in the DR group("no + mild" 96.6% vs 73.3%, P = 0.013). The endoscopists felt that the procedure was more favorable in the DR group("very good + good" 100% vs 86.7%, P = 0.042), whereas patient satisfaction scores were comparable between the groups. En bloc resection was performed 100% of the time in both groups, and the complete resection rate was 94.4% in the DR group and 100% in the PR group(P = 0.477). CONCLUSION: The efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine and remifentanil were comparable to propofol and remifentanil during ESD. However, the endoscopists favored dexmedetomidine perhaps due to lower gastric motility.     

动态磁共振在研究子宫内膜蠕动方面的应用

目的使用动态电影序列研究正常年轻女性在不同月经周期子宫内膜蠕动的规律,同时观察和研究子宫内膜异位症患者排卵期的子宫内膜蠕动,并与正常年轻女性相对照。方法 2014年9月-12月期间,对55名年轻女性志愿者在月经不同周期进行盆腔动态磁共振扫描,采集时间为6min,并生成电影文件,以十倍速率播放。由两名影像科诊断医师进行观察记录子宫内膜蠕动的情况。结果子宫内膜蠕动在月经不同周期有着一定的规律,排卵期最为活跃,频率约12.48次/6min,主要蠕动方向为宫颈-宫底(CF);黄体期子宫内膜蠕动最不活跃,频率约为1次/6min,月经期内膜蠕动频率约为3.55次/6min,主要方向为宫底-宫颈(FC)。结论动态磁共振序列可以清楚显示子宫内膜蠕动征象。子宫内膜蠕动在不同月经周期有着一定的规律性,排卵期内膜蠕动最为活跃,主要方向为宫颈-宫底,有助于输送精子;黄体期内膜蠕动最不活跃,有助于胚胎着床和早期胚胎的保存;月经期内膜蠕动方向主要为宫底-宫颈,有助于向体外排出经血。     

静注利多卡因对行腹腔镜胆总管探查术患者镇痛和肠蠕动的影响

目的观察静脉输注利多卡因对行腹腔镜胆管探查术患者术后镇痛和肠功能的影响。方法择期腹腔镜胆总管探查术患者80例,年龄23～55岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机均分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组诱导期静注利多卡因1.5mg/kg,术中以2mg·kg-1·h-1持续输注,术后24h内改为1.2mg·kg-1·h-1持续静脉输注。对照组给予等剂量的生理盐水。记录两组患者术中七氟醚总量,术后抽取静脉血检测利多卡因浓度并记录术后2h(T1)、4h(T2)、8h(T3)、12h(T4)、24h(T5)、术后第2天(T6)和第3天(T7)两组VAS评分以及术后首次排气、排便时间,住院天数和恶心呕吐发生率。结果与对照组比较,T1～T5时治疗组VAS评分均明显下降(P<0.05);治疗组术中七氟醚总量降低,术后首次排气时间、排便时间以及住院天数均缩短(P<0.05)。结论小剂量利多卡因静注可促进腹腔镜胆管探查术患者肠蠕动恢复,缩短患者住院时间,有利于术后康复。     

自控镇痛泵对胃癌根治手术后肠蠕动的影响

目的探讨自控镇痛泵对有便秘史的胃癌根治手术后患者肠蠕动的影响,解除患者及家属对应用自控镇痛泵是否影响肠蠕动、造成或加重便秘的顾虑。方法选择住院的7例有便秘史的胃癌根治手术患者,由分管护士于手术前24h和手术后开始进半流质时分别观察患者的肠鸣音（个/分）数,用统计学同体配对计量资料均数差异的显著性检验方法处理所观察的数字。结果 t=0.5028,P〉0.05,差异无统计学意义。结论自控镇痛泵对有便秘史的胃癌根治手术后肠蠕动无影响,不会造成或加重原有的便秘。     

The use of abdominal massage to treat chronic constipation

Constipation is a disorder of gastrointestinal motility characterized by difficult or decreased bowel movements, and is a common condition in Western countries. Laxatives are the most common strategy for managing constipation. However, long-term use of some laxatives may be associated with harmful side-effects including increased constipation and fecal impaction. Abdominal massage, once an accepted method of treating constipation, is no longer standard of care, but may be a desirable therapy for this condition because it is inexpensive, non-invasive, free of harmful side-effects, and can be performed by patients themselves. However, until recently, evidence for its effectiveness was not strong enough to make a recommendation for its use in constipated patients.In 1999, Ernst reviewed all available controlled clinical trials, and found that there was no sound evidence for the effectiveness of abdominal massage in the treatment of chronic constipation. This article reviews scientific evidence from 1999 to the present, regarding abdominal massage as an intervention for chronic constipation. Since that time, studies have demonstrated that abdominal massage can stimulate peristalsis, decrease colonic transit time, increase the frequency of bowel movements in constipated patients, and decrease the feelings of discomfort and pain that accompany it. There is also good evidence that massage can stimulate peristalsis in patients with post-surgical ileus. Individual case reports show that massage has been effective for patients with constipation due to a variety of diagnosed physiologic abnormalities, as well as in patients with long-term functional constipation.     

Factors influencing lower esophageal sphincter relaxation after deglutition

AIM:To study the relationship between upper esophageal sphincter (UES) relaxation,peristaltic pressure and lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation following deglutition in non-dysphagic subjects.METHODS:Ten non-dysphagic adult subjects had a high-resolution manometry probe passed transnasally and positioned to cover the UES,the esophageal body and the LES.Ten water swallows in each subject were analyzed for time lag between UES relaxation and LES relaxation,LES pressure at time of UES relaxation,duratio...     

Function of longitudinal vs circular muscle fibers in esophageal peristalsis, deduced with mathematical modeling

We summarize from previous works the functions of circular vs. longitudinal muscle in esophageal peristaltic bolus transport using a mix of experimental data, the conservation laws of mechanics and mathematical modeling. Whereas circular muscle tone generates radial closure pressure to create a local peristaltic closure wave, longitudinal muscle tone has two functions, one physiological with mechanical implications, and one purely mechanical. Each of these functions independently reduces the tension of individual circular muscle fibers to maintain closure as a consequence of shortening of longitudinal muscle locally coordinated with increasing circular muscle tone. The physiological function is deduced by combining basic laws of mechanics with concurrent measurements of intraluminal pressure from manometry, and changes in cross sectional muscle area from endoluminal ultrasound from which local longitudinal shortening (LLS) can be accurately obtained. The purely mechanical function of LLS was discovered from mathematical modeling of peristaltic esophageal transport with the axial wall motion generated by LLS. Physiologically, LLS concentrates circular muscle fibers where closure pressure is highest. However, the mechanical function of LLS is to reduce the level of pressure required to maintain closure. The combined physiological and mechanical consequences of LLS are to reduce circular muscle fiber tension and power by as much as 1/10 what would be requiredfor peristalsis without the longitudinal muscle layer, a tremendous benefit that may explain the existence of longitudinal muscle fiber in the gut. We also review what is understood of the role of longitudinal muscle in esophageal emptying, reflux and pathology.