Influence of foraminal enlargement on the apical extrusion of filling material: Volumetric analysis using micro‐computed tomography

The aim of this study was to compare the root canal instrumentation techniques that involve foraminal enlargement versus those not involving it, in regard to the apical extrusion of filling material, using micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT). Twenty‐two premolars with single canals were instrumented using the ProTaper Universal System and then randomly divided into two groups (n = 11): Group NFE, without foraminal enlargement, and Group FE, with foraminal enlargement. Instrumentation was performed up to 1 mm short of the apical foramen, and foraminal patency was maintained at each instrument change in both groups. Prior to obturation, the apical portion of the specimens was wrapped in adhesive paper to ensure complete separation between apex and extruded material. The canals were filled according to the continuous wave of condensation technique. The apically extruded material was collected and measured using micro‐CT. Extrusion in Group FE was significantly higher than in Group NFE (0.928 mm³ vs. 0.148 mm³; P < 0.001).     

上颌前磨牙牙根及根管形态的锥形束CT研究

目的研究上颌前磨牙牙根形态、三根管的发生率和根管解剖形态,为临床诊疗提供参考。方法选取珠海市口腔医院412名患者,共779颗上颌第一前磨牙,728颗上颌第二前磨牙的锥形束CT(cone-beam computed tomography,CBCT)扫描数据,分析上颌前磨牙的牙根及根管形态,三根管的发生率、双侧对称性、根管分叉位置等。结果上颌第一前磨牙三根管发生率为1.8%,上颌第二前磨牙三根管发生率为0.3%,上颌第一前磨牙三根管发生率显著高于上颌第二前磨牙(X^2=8.304,P=0.004)。上颌第一前磨牙三根管对称率为27.3%,上颌第二前磨牙无对称三根管结构出现。上颌前磨牙解剖形态可为单根、双牙根或三牙根,其内部根管形态复杂,存在七种Vertucci根管类型,上颌第一前磨牙以VertucciⅣ型为主,上颌第二前磨牙则以VertucciⅠ型常见。三根管上颌前磨牙的根管分叉位置多见于根中或根上1/3,16颗三根管上颌前磨牙都具有三个独立的根尖孔。结论上颌前磨牙根管形态复杂多变,CBCT对发现变异和额外根管具有重要辅助作用。     

超声心动图在卵圆孔通道血流受限合并心功能异常产前诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨超声心动图在单纯卵圆孔通道血流受限（FOCR）合并心功能异常胎儿产前诊断及预后评估中的应用价值。 方法回顾性选取2018年10月至2020年5月在河北生殖妇产医院检查,产前超声心动图诊断为单纯FOCR且心血管整体评分（CVPS）提示心功能异常的胎儿16例,分析其初诊、分娩前及出生后的超声心动图特征、CVPS及心功能变化,并随访其妊娠结局和预后。 结果14例表现为卵圆孔内径或卵圆孔通道有效分流口内径＜3 mm,2例表现为卵圆孔内径/房间隔总长度＜0.33。16例胎儿分娩前均表现为右心房与左心房横径比（RA/LA）、右心室与左心室横径比（RV/LV）、主肺动脉与升主动脉内径比（MPA/AAO）比值增大,且随孕龄增大而增大,卵圆孔通道分流流速（V-FO）＞40 cm/s。16例胎儿中,14例初诊FOCR时CVPS为8~9分,2例初诊未发现心功能异常,CVPS为10分。16例胎儿分娩前,11例表现为轻度心力衰竭,CVPS为8~9分;5例表现为中度心力衰竭,CVPS为6~7分。9例分娩前CVPS较初诊FOCR时减低。16例胎儿出生后,1例于新生儿期死亡;余15例均存活。存活患儿中13例复查超声心动图,心脏结构正常;1例分娩前CVPS为6分,出生后复查可疑心肌病;1例分娩前CVPS为8分,出生后复查不除外原发性肺动脉高压。 结论超声心动图在FOCR诊断及评估中具有重要价值;应用超声心动图进行CVPS评分可动态观测并评估胎儿心功能变化,对评估胎儿宫内情况及指导分娩时机具有重要意义。     

颈静脉孔区及鼓室内颈静脉球瘤1例并文献复习

目的探讨颈静脉孔区及鼓室内颈静脉球瘤的临床表现、影像和病理特征及其鉴别诊断。方法回顾性分析1例经手术病理证实的颈静脉孔区及鼓室内颈静脉球瘤病人的影像及病理资料,并复习相关文献。结果CT检查示左侧颈静脉孔、中耳鼓室、鼓窦及乳突气房内可见软组织密度影,局部乳突骨质破坏,并突入左侧外耳道;颅底MRI示左侧颈静脉孔区不规则条状肿物,沿左侧颈静脉孔突出颅外,并伸入左侧咽旁间隙,凸向左侧中耳鼓室及乳突气房。术后病理诊断为副神经节瘤。免疫组织化学结果:Syn、NSE、CD56、CD34、Cg A阳性,CK阴性,ki-67增殖活性较低(1%),提示副神经节瘤。结论颈静脉孔及鼓室骨质破坏以及病变明显强化和速升速降的动态曲线支持颈静脉球瘤和鼓室球瘤的诊断。联合CT和MRI能够明确病变的范围。     

神经根型颈椎病椎间孔内神经根受压的原因分析及减压方式选择

目的:分析神经根型颈椎病患者椎间孔内神经根受压的原因,选择合理的减压方式。方法 :2010年1月~2013年8月,我院共收治神经根型颈椎病患者178例,其中56例为椎间孔内神经根受压所致的单侧神经根型颈椎病,术前VAS评分为8.99±1.01分(7~10分);颈椎功能障碍指数(NDI)为41.15±7.12分(37~49分)。根据术前影像学资料判断椎间孔内神经根受压的原因分为3组:单纯椎间盘压迫,14例(A组);单纯骨性压迫,22例(B组);混合压迫(椎间盘+骨性压迫),20例(C组)。A组切除椎间盘至钩椎关节,适当扩大椎间孔,取出突出髓核;B、C组切除椎间盘至钩椎关节后,将钩突基底部内侧磨平,充分显露钩突后部、上位椎体后下角及钩椎关节间隙,刮除上位椎体后下角及部分增生的钩突。减压后均行椎间植骨内固定。使用Surgimap软件测量患者术前颈椎双斜位X线片上病变节段的双侧椎间孔面积,将健侧与患侧的椎间孔面积进行对比。比较3组患者术前及末次随访时VAS评分和NDI,同时比较3组的手术时间、术中出血量和术后住院时间。结果:3组患者术前健侧椎间孔面积无显著性差异(P0.05),B组和C组的患侧椎间孔面积均较A组明显狭窄(P0.05);B组和C组无显著性差异(P0.05);B组和C组的患侧椎间孔面积均较各自的对侧椎间孔面积明显狭窄(P0.05);而A组患侧椎间孔面积较对侧无明显狭窄(P0.05)。3组患者均顺利完成手术,B、C组与A组相比术中出血量较多,手术时间和术后住院天数较长(P0.05);B组与C组比较无显著性差异(P0.05)。术后3组患者均无神经症状加重、感染及脑脊液漏等并发症发生。56例患者均获得随访,随访时间27.2±8.9个月(12~52个月),3组术前VAS评分和NDI比较无显著性差异(P0.05),末次随访时亦无显著性差异(P0.05);3组末次随访时与术前比较均有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:术前根据影像学资料分析神经根型颈椎病患者椎间孔内神经根受压的原因,进行针对性的减压手术可取得良好效果。     

Orthodeoxia-platypnea due to intracardiac shunting relief with transcatheter double umbrella closure

The safety and efficacy of transcatheter clamshell occlusion of patent foramen ovale for relief of severe arterial desaturation and dyspnea in the upright position due to intracardiac shunting were examined in eight patients with excessive risk of surgical patent foramen ovale closure. All patients had successful reduction of intracardiac shunting with an immediate rise in oxygen saturation ?95% by implantation of a clamshell device on the atrial septum. Despite two early incidents of device embolization, retrieval and immediate re-implantation, and one patient with nonsustained atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, there were no adverse clinical sequelae. In follow-up evaluation transcatheter clamshell closure of patent foramen ovale has provided persistent relief from shuntrelated arterial desaturation and symptomatology in all living patients. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Refractory hypoxemia in inferior myocardial infarction from right-to-left shunting through a patent foramen ovale: A case report and review of the literature

Right ventricular (RV) infarction is a well-recognized complication of some acute inferior myocardial infarctions. Recently, there have been numerous case reports of RV infarctions complicated by severe refractory hypoxemia secondary to right-to-left shunting through a patent foramen ovale. An additional case missed by transthoracic echocardiography and cardiac catheterization is reported and the English literature on the subject is reviewed.     

氨基末端脑钠肽前体预测早产儿症状性动脉导管未闭的价值

目的 探讨氨基末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)预测早产儿症状性动脉导管未闭(sPDA)的价值。方法 选择2014年6月至2015年4月出生、胎龄≤32周、48 h内超声心动图确定存在动脉导管的早产儿为研究对象,监测其临床表现,于生后3 d及5 d检测血清NT-proBNP水平并行超声心动图检查,根据患儿临床表现、超声心动图结果分为sPDA组及非症状性动脉导管未闭(asPDA)组,分析血清NT-proBNP水平与超声指标的关系,比较两组间相同日龄血清NT-proBNP水平,ROC曲线确定血清NT-proBNP水平预测sPDA的敏感性、特异性。结果 共69例早产儿纳入研究,其中sPDA组13例,asPDA组56例。血清NT-proBNP水平与动脉导管管径、左房内径与主动脉根部内径比值(LA/AO)呈正相关关系(分别r=0.856、0.713,均 PPCI:0.892~1.000,PCI:0.848~1.000,P结论 NT-proBNP可能是动脉导管分流量的量化指标;生后3 d 及5 d血清NT-proBNP水平的检测均有助于早期预测sPDA。     

Can Sonography Distinguish a Supraorbital Notch From a Foramen?

Diagnostic tools for evaluating the supraorbital rim in preparation for nerve decompression surgery in patients with chronic headaches are currently limited. We evaluated the use of sonography to diagnose the presence of a supraorbital notch or foramen in 11 cadaver orbits. Sonographic findings were assessed by dissecting cadaver orbits to determine whether a notch or foramen was present. Sonography correctly diagnosed the presence of a supraorbital notch in 7 of 7 cases and correctly diagnosed a supraorbital foramen in 4 of 4 cases. We found that sonography had 100% sensitivity in diagnosing a supraorbital notch and foramen. This tool may therefore be helpful in characterizing the supraorbital rim preoperatively and may influence the decision to use a transpalpebral or endoscopic approach for supraorbital nerve decompression as well as the decision to use local or general anesthesia.