“过渡钉”复位在Sextant经皮椎弓根螺钉治疗胸腰椎骨折中的应用

目的探讨"过渡钉"复位在Sextant经皮椎弓根螺钉治疗胸腰椎骨折中的临床效果。方法回顾分析2011年3月—2012年7月手术治疗的67例无神经症状胸腰椎骨折患者,其中,Sextant经皮椎弓根螺钉治疗35例(A组),Sextant经皮椎弓根螺钉联合"过渡钉"复位治疗32例(B组)。纳入标准:椎管占位但无神经症状,无需减压的胸腰椎骨折。分别比较两组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、切口长度、手术前后疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS),以及术前、术后1周、术后1年骨折椎体前缘压缩程度和后凸Cobb角改善情况。结果所有患者随访12~26个月,平均14个月。Sextant经皮椎弓根螺钉联合"过渡钉"复位治疗胸腰椎骨折较传统Sextant经皮椎弓根螺钉组在手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、切口长度、术后3个月VAS评分无统计学意义(P>0.05);而在骨折椎体前缘压缩程度以及后凸Cobb角改善情况有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论与单纯Sextant经皮椎弓根螺钉技术相比,Sextant经皮椎弓根螺钉联合"过渡钉"复位治疗胸腰椎骨折具有出血少、手术时间短、恢复快等优点,尤其对伤椎畸形矫正较传统Sextant经皮椎弓根螺钉优势明显。     

DHSA与DHS治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效比较

目的比较动力髋螺旋导片系统(DHSA)与动力髋螺钉(DHS)在治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折中的近期疗效。方法对2011年1月—2013年1月间在我科治疗的68例65岁以上股骨粗隆间骨折患者,随访12~35(23.5±2.3)个月。68例中DHS组37例,DHSA组31例。比较两组患者术前基本情况及术中平均手术时间、平均出血量、术后内固定有否切出股骨头、术后骨折平均愈合时间、术后12个月时髋关节Harris评分。结果两组患者的术前一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);所有病例在随访时间内未发现感染。DHSA组无骨折不愈合、无刀片切出股骨头,DHSA组术中出血量少、手术时间短,骨折愈合快,术后12个月Harris评分明显高于DHS组(P<0.05)。结论 DHSA与DHS均可实现老年股骨粗隆间骨折的良好固定,而DHSA固定技术具有手术创伤小,内固定物可填压松质骨,切出率低,抗旋转,固定可靠,对于骨质疏松性股骨粗隆间骨折患者更加合理、有效。     

膝关节周围骨折伴腘动脉损伤救治的临床研究

目的观察膝关节周围骨折伴腘动脉损伤的保肢治疗过程及功能恢复情况,探讨保肢手术的治疗方案。方法对27例膝关节周围骨折伴腘动脉损伤患者,急诊行骨折固定、腘动、静脉探查修复术,2例行大腿下段1例行膝关节水平截肢术,其余患者的肢体经3~5次(平均4次)手术治疗,肢体得以保留。3例患者的肢体软组织缺损经行背阔肌皮瓣游离移植,其余患者的软组织缺损经行腓肠肌内侧头肌皮瓣或局部直接随意筋膜皮瓣转移修复。术后随访12~24(16±2.39)个月。参照Puno等的标准对康复后肢体功能进行评定。结果患者无死亡,3例患者行患肢截肢,24例患者肢体得以保留,其中4例患者存在明显的足下垂、垂趾等畸形,功能评定为差。结论膝关节周围骨折伴腘动脉损伤的治疗,关键在于早诊断及早治疗,疑有腘动脉损伤者尽早探查;对伴有足踝部软组织及踝关节损伤,或足底难以恢复保护性感觉,估计小腿肌肉会发生广泛的坏死和感染者,应考虑一期行截肢术。     

经皮骨成形术联合介入内固定术治疗即将发生病理性骨折的股骨上段骨肿瘤的价值

目的 探讨经皮骨成形术(POP)联合介入内固定术(IIF)治疗即将发生病理性骨折的股骨上段骨肿瘤的临床价值.方法 本研究为回顾性资料分析,将Mirels评分≥8分的40例即将发生病理性骨折的股骨上段骨肿瘤患者纳入观察,根据治疗方法的不同分为2组.POP联合IIF组19例,POP组21例,分别行POP联合IIF、单独POP治疗.术后观察2组患者疼痛缓解、发生骨折、骨水泥渗漏和生存率情况,并对两组的上述指标采用x2检验进行比较.分别于术后1周,1、3、6个月和1年观察患者的视觉模拟评分(VAS)、卡氏生活质量评分(KPS)及四肢肌骨肿瘤术后功能状态评分(EFES)来评价生活质量及功能状态,并对这些指标采用Mann-Whitney U检验比较.结果 所有患者均顺利完成手术.POP联合IIF组17例疼痛缓解,6例骨水泥渗漏,无发生骨折者,随访6～18个月14例存活;POP组12例疼痛缓解,9例骨水泥渗漏,5例发生骨折者,随访3～18个月13例存活.2组间疼痛缓解和发生骨折率的差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.05),骨水泥渗漏和生存率差异无统计学意义(x2值分别为0.541和0.761,P均＞0.05).2组患者术后1周VAS、KPS及EFES评分差异无统计学意义(P均＞0.05),术后1、3、6个月和1年评分差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.05).POP联合IIF组1例患者术后15d发生患侧下肢深静脉血栓,经植入腔静脉滤器并抗凝治疗痊愈,其余患者无与手术有关的严重并发症.结论 经POP联合IIF治疗即将发生病理性骨折的股骨上段骨肿瘤安全、有效,能更好地缓解疼痛、降低骨折发生率.     

Comparison of conventional radiography and MDCT in suspected scaphoid fractures

AIM: To determine the diagnostic accuracy and radiation dose of conventional radiography and multidetector computed tomography(MDCT) in suspected scaphoid fractures.METHODS: One hundred twenty-four consecutive patients were enrolled in our study who had suffered from a wrist trauma and showed typical clinical symptoms suspicious of an acute scaphoid fracture. All patients had initially undergone conventional radiography. Subsequent MDCT was performed within 10 d because of persisting clinical symptoms. Using the MDCT data as the reference standard, a fourfold table was used to classify the test results. The effective dose and impaired energy were assessed in order to compare the radiation burden of the two techniques. The Wilcoxon test was performed to compare the two diagnostic modalities.RESULTS: Conventional radiography showed 34 acute fractures of the scaphoid in 124 patients(42.2%). Subsequent MDCT revealed a total of 42 scaphoid fractures. The sensitivity of conventional radiography for scaphoid fracture detection was 42.8% and its specificity was 80% resulting in an overall accuracy of 59.6%. Conventional radiography was significantly inferior to MDCT(P < 0.01) concerning scaphoidfracture detection. The mean effective dose of MDCT was 0.1 m Sv compared to 0.002 m Sv of conventional radiography.CONCLUSION: Conventional radiography is insufficient for accurate scaphoid fracture detection. Regarding the almost negligible effective dose, MDCT should serve as the first imaging modality in wrist trauma.     

A posterior ring apophyseal fracture and disc herniation in a 21-year-old competitive basketball player: a case report

Objective:

To describe the diagnosis and management of a competitive male basketball player with discogenic low back pain and presence of an old posterior ring apophyseal fracture (PRAF). This case will highlight the importance of early recognition and considerations regarding patient management for this differential of radiating low back pain.

Clinical Features:

A 21-year-old provincial basketball player presented with recurrent radiating low back pain into the left groin and lower limb. After several weeks of persistent symptoms including pain, muscle weakness, and changes in the Achilles deep tendon reflex, imaging was obtained that revealed a large disc extrusion with an old posterior ring apophyseal fracture. In collaboration with a spine surgeon and family physician, the patient was treated using a conservative, multimodal approach. Treatment consisted of graded mobilizations, spinal manipulative therapy, interferential current, and soft tissue therapy to the lumbar spine. Rehabilitation exercises focused on centralizing symptoms and improving strength, proprioception and function of the lower limb. After a period of 8 weeks, the patient was able to complete all activities of daily living without pain in addition to returning to basketball practice.

Summary:

PRAF is a unique condition in the immature spine and recent evidence suggests that those involved in sports requiring repetitive motion of the lumbar spine may be at increased risk. The astute clinician must consider this differential in young populations presenting with discogenic low back pain, as a timely diagnosis and necessary referral may allow for effective conservative management to reduce symptoms. Equally as important, one must be aware of the complications from PRAF as a contributing source of low back pain and dysfunction into adulthood. Knowing when to refer for advanced imaging and/or a surgical consult given the variable clinical presentation and prognosis is an essential component to care.     

Cast index in predicting outcome of proximal pediatric forearm fractures

Background:Many pediatric forearm fractures can be treated in plaster following closed reduction. The cast index (CI, a ratio of anteroposterior to lateral internal diameters of the cast at the fracture site) is a simple, reliable marker of quality of molding and a CI of >0.8 correlates with increased risk of redisplacement. Previously, CI has been applied to all forearm fractures. We hypothesize that an acceptable CI is more difficult to achieve and does not predict outcome in fractures of the proximal forearm.Results:The mean CI was 0.77. Remanipulation was required in five cases (6%), all distal half fractures – mean CI 0.79. CI was higher in proximal half forearm fractures (0.83 vs. 0.76, P = 0.006), nonetheless these fractures did not re-displace more than distal fractures.Conclusion:Cast index is useful in predicting redisplacement of manipulated distal forearm fractures. We found that in proximal half forearm fractures it is difficult to achieve a CI of <0.8, but increased CI does not predict loss of position in these fractures. We therefore discourage the use of CI in proximal half forearm fractures.     

Outcome of humeral shaft fractures treated by functional cast brace

Background:Functional brace application for isolated humeral shaft fracture persistently yields good results. Nonunion though uncommon involves usually the proximal third shaft fractures. Instead of polyethylene bivalve functional brace four plaster sleeves wrapped and molded with little more proximal extension expected to prevent nonunion of proximal third fractures. Periodic compressibility of the cast is likely to yield a better result. This can be applied on the 1^st day of the presentation as an outpatient basis. Comprehensive objective scoring system befitting for fracture humeral shaft is a need.Results:The results were assessed using 100 point scoring system where union allotted 30 points and 60 points allotted for angulations (10), elbow motion (10), shoulder abduction (10), shortening (5), rotation (5), absence of infection (10), absence of nerve palsy during treatment (10). Remaining 10 points were allotted for five items with two points each. They were the absence of skin sore, absence of vascular problem, absence of reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD), recovery of paralyzed nerve during injury and recovery of paralyzed nerve during treatment. Results were considered excellent with 90 and above, good with 80–89, fair with 70–79 and poor below 70 point. Results at 6 months were excellent in 43.94% (n = 29), good in 42.42% (n = 28), fair in 9.1% (n = 6), poor in 4.55% (n = 3). Union took place in 98.48% (n = 65) with an average of 10.3 weeks (range 6–16 weeks). 87.5% (n = 7) paralyzed radial nerve recovered. All wounds healed. Four patients had transient skin problem. One patient with mid shaft fracture had nonunion due to the muscle interposition.Conclusion:Modified functional cast brace is one of the options in treatment for humeral shaft fractures as it can be applied on the 1^st day of the presentation in most of the situations. Simple objective scoring system was useful particularly in uneducated patients.     

A review of cervical spine injury associated with maxillofacial trauma at a UK tertiary referral centre

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to determine the incidence and patterns of cervical spine injury (CSI) associated with maxillofacial fractures at a UK trauma centre.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted of 714 maxillofacial fracture patients presenting to a single trauma centre between 2006 and 2012.ResultsOf the 714 maxillofacial fracture patients, 2.2% had associated CSI including a fracture, cord contusion or disc herniation. In comparison, 1.0% of patients without maxillofacial trauma sustained a CSI (odds ratio: 2.2, p=0.01). The majority (88%) of CSI cases of were caused by a road traffic accident (RTA) with the remainder due to falls. While 8.8% of RTA related maxillofacial trauma patients sustained a CSI, only 2.0% of fall related patients did (p=0.03, not significant). Most (70%) of the CSIs occurred at C1/C2 or C6/C7 levels. Overall, 455, 220 and 39 patients suffered non-mandibular, isolated mandibular and mixed mandibular/non-mandibular fractures respectively. Their respective incidences of CSI were 1.5%, 1.8% and 12.8% (p=0.005, significant). Twelve patients with concomitant CSI had their maxillofacial fractures treated within twenty-four hours and all were treated within four days.ConclusionsThe presence of maxillofacial trauma mandates exclusion and prompt management of cervical spine injury, particularly in RTA and trauma cases involving combined facial fracture patterns. This approach will facilitate management of maxillofacial fractures within an optimum time period.     

From guidelines to standards of care for open tibial fractures

IntroductionThe standards for the management of open fractures of the lower limb published by the British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic surgeons (BAPRAS) and British Orthopaedic Association (BOA) were introduced to improve the treatment received by patients after open injury to the lower limb. These Standards were released after BAPRAS/BOA published Guidelines for the management of open tibial fractures.MethodsWe wished to determine the impact of these Standards upon the surgical management of open tibial fractures by comparing patients admitted to an orthoplastic centre in the 45 months concluding December 2009 (the Guidelines era) with those admitted during 2011 (the Standards era). Surgical procedures required during the first 30 days and 12 months after injury were determined. Cases were divided into ‘directly admitted patients’ (DAP) and ‘transferred patients’ (TP). Standards-era patients were divided further into those who had surgery exclusively at the orthoplastic centre (orthoplastic patients (OPP)) and those transferred after surgery (TASP).ResultsThe number of TP trebled in frequency in the Standards era, 25% of whom were transferred before surgery. Significantly fewer surgical procedures were required for DAP and OPP groups compared with TP (and TASP) groups in both eras (Mann–Whitney U-test, p=0.05). DAP and OPP groups during the Standards era underwent the fewest procedures, with the vast majority of cases treated with two or fewer procedures in the first 12 months (88% and 80%, respectively, compared with 61% in the Guidelines era). In the Guidelines era, 44% of TP cases and in the Standards era 39% of TP and 29% of TASP groups underwent two or fewer procedures.Approximately two-thirds of open tibial fractures managed in our orthoplastic centre were patients transferred after surgery. The greatest impact of the Standards was evident for those who underwent surgery exclusively in the orthoplastic centre, reflecting a more deliberate combined strategy.ConclusionThese findings vindicate the Standards as well as mandating reorganisation and resourcing of orthoplastic services to ensure immediate transfer and early combined surgery. By increasing the capacity to deal with time-dependent initial surgery, the surgical burden that the patient must endure, and which the service must provide, are reduced.