丁苯酞、阿托伐他汀联合阿司匹林治疗缺血性脑卒中疗效观察

摘 要 目的:观察丁苯酞、阿托伐他汀联合阿司匹林治疗缺血性脑卒中的疗效。方法：72例缺血性脑卒中患者随机分成观察组和对照组各36例,对照组采用阿托伐他汀片与阿司匹林肠溶片治疗,观察组采用丁苯酞软胶囊、阿托伐他汀片与阿司匹林肠溶片联合治疗,均连续治疗30 d。比较两组患者神经功能改善情况、临床疗效和血脂指标变化。结果：治疗后,两组独立活动能力分级均较治疗前有显著改变（P<0.05）,但两组间比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。观察组总有效率为97.22%;对照组总有效率为91.67%,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。治疗后,两组患者TG、TC、LDL水平均下降（P<0.05）,而HDL水平上升（P<0.05）,组间比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。治疗后两组患者NIHSS评分较前显著下降（P<0.05）,但两组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组药品不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：丁苯酞联合阿托伐他汀与阿司匹林治疗缺血性脑卒中能显著改善患者的NIHSS评分、独立生活能力和血脂水平,总有效率略高于阿托伐他汀与阿司匹林联合治疗,但差异无统计学意义,且不增加药品不良反应,其临床疗效有待进一步深入研究。     

系统性急救护理程序在重型颅脑损伤患者急救中的应用效果

目的 分析系统性急救护理程序应用于重型颅脑损伤患者急救中的效果。 方法 选取急诊科2015年4月-2016年4月接受治疗的重型颅脑损伤患者142例为研究对象。将其随机分为观察组和对照组各71例。观察组按照系统性急救护理程序进行护理,对照组给予常规急救护理。比较2组患者的急救时间、抢救成功率、NIHSS评分、Barthel指数、并发症发生情况及患者对护理工作的满意度。 结果 观察组的抢救时间明显短于对照组(t=6.458,P=0.002),抢救成功率高于对照组(χ²=4.508,P=0.034)。治疗后观察组的NIHSS评分及Barthel指数均优于对照组(t=4.632,P=0.025; t=2.731,P=0.043),并发症发生率明显低于对照组(χ²=31.071,P<0.001),对护理工作的满意度明显高于对照组(Z=-3.036,P=0.002)。 结论 系统性急救护理程序能够明显缩短重型颅脑损伤患者的抢救时间,提高抢救成功率,减少了并发症的发生,有利于患者的神经功能及自理能力的恢复,提高患者对护理工作的满意度,值得提倡和推广。     

Clinician and manager perceptions of factors leading to ward patient clinical deterioration

Background

Improving the timely recognition and response to clinical deterioration is a critical challenge for clinicians, educators, administrators and researchers. Clinical deterioration leading to Rapid Response Team review is associated with poor patient outcomes. A range of factors associated with clinical deterioration and its outcomes have been identified, and may help with early identification of deteriorating patients. However, the relative importance of each factor on the development of clinical deterioration is unknown.

基底节区脑出血患者发生早期神经功能恶化的危险因素分析

目的探讨基底节区脑出血患者发生早期神经功能恶化(END)的危险因素。方法选取于2012年3月—2014年6月神经内科诊治的基底节区脑出血患者82例,根据患者是否发生早期神经功能恶化,分为END组和非END组,其中END组40例,非END组42例,比较2组患者性别、年龄、体质量、高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症、脑卒中史、吸烟史、发病至入院时间、入院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分等一般临床资料和白细胞计数(WBC)、空腹血糖(FPG)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、纤维蛋白(Fib)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)、颅内血肿体积、出血是否破入脑室等实验室、影像学资料,并行多因素Logistic回归模型分析,判定基底节区脑出血患者发生END的独立危险因素。结果 END组患者的入院NIHSS评分、WBC、脑内血肿体积、出血破入脑室比例均高于非END组,且差异具有统计学意义(t=8.863、4.436、2.469、11.149,P<0.05),Logistic回归分析显示白细胞计数(OR=2.008,95%CI 1.068~3.774,P=0.030)、出血破入脑室(OR=3.675,95%CI 1.591~8.486,P=0.002)是基底节区脑出血患者发生END的独立危险因素。结论基底节区脑出血患者白细胞计数越高、出血破入脑室几率越大,早期神经功能恶化的发生率就越高,患者预后便越差。     

Longitudinal Recovery and Reduced Costs After 120 Sessions of Locomotor Training for Motor Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury

Objective

To determine the impact of long-term, body weight–supported locomotor training after chronic, incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI), and to estimate the health care costs related to lost recovery potential and preventable secondary complications that may have occurred because of visit limits imposed by insurers.

Regurgitations in a Lamb with Acute Coenurosis-A case Report

Coenurosis is a disease of the central nervous system in sheep, caused by Coenurus cerebralis, the larval stage of Multiceps multiceps, which inhabits the small intestine of Canidae. A case of regurgitations in a 2.5 month old lamb with acute coenurosis is being reported. The lamb was presented with a sudden onset of ataxia and regurgitations for 10 days. The post-mortem examination revealed 4 immature C. cerebralis cysts between 0.5 and 1.5 cm in diameter located in the brainstem and cerebellum, and histopathological examination revealed multifocal pyogranulomatous meningoencephalitis, so a diagnosis of acute coenurosis was established. Thus, acute coenurosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of regurgitations in lambs.     

估算的肾小球滤过率、血尿酸和纤维蛋白原与缺血性脑卒中溶栓后脑出血转化的关系及对结局的预测价值

目的探讨估算的肾小球滤过率(eGFR)、血尿酸(SUA)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)与缺血性脑卒中溶栓后脑出血转化及临床结局的关系。方法选取158例缺血性脑卒中用重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)静脉溶栓患者,包括无脑出血转化121例、脑出血转化37例。采用Logistic回归方程分析rt-PA静脉溶栓后脑出血转化影响因素;对比不同早期神经功能患者eGFR、SUA、FIB水平;评价eGFR、SUA、FIB对早期神经功能恶化(END)的预测价值;比较不同eGFR、SUA、FIB水平患者的累积生存率。结果rt-PA静脉溶栓2 h、24 h后,脑出血转化者eGFR、SUA、FIB水平较无脑出血转化者降低(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、基线NIHSS评分、基线舒张压、大面积脑梗死及溶栓后2 h和24 h的eGFR、SUA、FIB均为rt-PA静脉溶栓后脑出血转化的影响因素(P<0.05)。END患者溶栓后2 h和24 h的eGFR、SUA、FIB均低于非END患者(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,溶栓后24 h的eGFR、SUA、FIB联合预测END的曲线下面积为0.809,大于任一单一指标,其灵敏度、特异度分别为80.95%、74.14%。生存分析结果表明,溶栓后24 h的eGFR、SUA、FIB高水平组的累积生存率高于低水平组(P<0.05)。结论eGFR、SUA、FIB与缺血性脑卒中预后密切相关,监测上述指标有助于脑出血转化诊断及END预测。     

血浆可溶性血栓调节蛋白水平与缺血性卒中患者rt-PA静脉溶栓后早期神经功能恶化的关系

目的]探讨血浆可溶性血栓调节蛋白(sTM)水平对缺血性卒中患者重组组织型纤溶酶原激活物(rt-PA)静脉溶栓后早期神经功能恶化的预测价值。 [方法]收集符合纳入标准的缺血性卒中患者183例作为研究对象,根据rt-PA静脉溶栓后24 h神经功能缺损程度将患者分为神经功能恶化组31例和非神经功能恶化组152例。收集患者年龄、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)等一般临床资料,血浆sTM水平采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测;rt-PA静脉溶栓后早期神经功能恶化的缺血性卒中患者血浆sTM与一般资料的相关性采用Pearson法及Spearman法分析;血浆sTM对缺血性卒中患者rt-PA静脉溶栓后早期神经功能恶化的预测价值采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)分析;采用多因素Logistic回归分析影响缺血性卒中患者rt-PA静脉溶栓后早期神经功能恶化的因素。 [结果]神经功能恶化组血浆sTM水平[(50.64±12.17)μg/L比(33.76±8.67)μg/L]及年龄[(67.34±10.87)岁比(60.22±11.05)岁]、hs-CRP[(12.59±3.23)mg/L比(4.92±1.13)mg/L]和空腹血糖[(7.31±1.96)mmol/L比(5.86±1.92)mmol/L]水平、糖尿病比例(32.26%比16.45%)显著高于非神经功能恶化组(P＜0.05)。rt-PA静脉溶栓后早期神经功能恶化的缺血性卒中患者血浆sTM与年龄、hs-CRP、空腹血糖、糖尿病均呈正相关(P＜0.05)。血浆sTM预测缺血性卒中患者rt-PA静脉溶栓后早期神经功能恶化的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.852,特异度为81.6%,灵敏度为80.6%。sTM、空腹血糖是缺血性卒中患者rt-PA静脉溶栓后发生早期神经功能恶化的独立影响因素(P＜0.05)。 [结论]血浆sTM水平对缺血性卒中患者rt-PA静脉溶栓后早期神经功能恶化有重要预测价值。     

Neurological manifestations of hepatitis E virus infection: An overview

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an important cause of repeated waterborne outbreaks of acute hepatitis. Recently, several extrahepatic manifestations (EHMs) have been described in patients with HEV infection. Of these, neurological disorders are the most common EHM associated with HEV. The involvement of both the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system can occur together or in isolation. Patients can present with normal liver function tests, which can often be misleading for physicians. There is a paucity of data on HEV-related neurological manifestations; and these data are mostly described as case reports and case series. In this review, we analyzed data of 163 reported cases of HEV-related neurological disorders. The mechanisms of pathogenesis, clinico-demographic profile, and outcomes of the HEV-related neurological disorders are described in this article. Nerve root and plexus disorder were found to be the most commonly reported disease, followed by meningoencephalitis.