恶性肿瘤患者亲属的健康教育

对肿瘤患者亲属进行健康教育，对20例恶性肿瘤患者亲属的年龄、性别、职业、文化程度、心理状态进行评估后确定健康教育内容、目标，采用形象化、个体化语言，通过个别交谈的方式，每日评价1次，同时发给疾病相关知识资料，出院后长期随访，给予康复指导。结果患者亲属学会了向病人提供支持的方法，并有效地向病人提供支持，患者睡眠质量、食欲、精神状态得到改善，康复情况及生活质量明显提高，提高了患者及其亲属对医疗护理质量的满意度。     

首次住院重型精神病患者亲属焦虑情绪调查分析

目的探讨住院重型精神病患者亲属焦虑情绪的发生率及其影响因素。方法随机抽取130名住院重型精神病患者亲属采用Zung’s焦虑自评量表及自拟问卷进行测试,并进行单因素和多因素逐步回归分析。结果130名家属中焦虑情绪发生率为48.46%。单因素分析显示患者家属的焦虑情绪与同患者关系、家属自身健康状况、家属性格、性别、年龄、文化程度、对患者态度等7项因素相关;多因素逐步回归分析显示影响患者亲属焦虑情绪的主要因素有5相,依次为患者家属健康状况、家属性格、家属年龄、与患者感情、与患者关系。结论精神分裂症患者家属焦虑情绪发生率很高,其发生率高且受多种因素的影响。     

神经外科择期手术家属心理调查分析及护理对策

目的：调查分析神经外科择期手术前后病人家属的心理变化。方法：随机对住院开颅病人109例家属采取国际通用SAS和HAMA、SDS和HAMD调查问卷,对病人家属分别在刚入院、手术前1天和手术后3天进行调查分析。结果：3个时间点SAS、HAMA和SDS、HAMD调查分析均有统计学差异。结论：神经外科开颅手术病人的家属在整个围手术期均存在明显的心理应激反应,故应根据不同的心理需求采取相应的护理措施。     

精神分裂症患者家属健康教育需求调查分析

目的：探讨精神分裂症患者家属健康教育的需求程度。方法：采用自行设计问卷对80例精神分裂症患者家属进行调查,分为入院时健康教育、住院期间健康教育及出院时健康教育需求程度调查。结果：95%以上患者家属强烈需要了解患者病情、精神疾病相关知识、复发指征及生活指导,对精神疾病的严重程度认识不足。结论：患者家属有强烈的健康教育需求,需要了解健康教育和心理疏导。     

脑氧饱和度监测指导脑灌注对主动脉弓置换术后神经系统并发症的影响

目的 观察近红外光谱(near infrared spectroscopy,NIRS) 联合选择性顺行性脑灌注（selective antegrade cerebral perfusion,SACP）对主动脉弓部手术后中枢神经系统并发症发生率的影响。
方法 行主动脉弓置换术的患者95例,男70例,女25例,年龄37～61岁,ASA Ⅲ或Ⅳ级,随机分为两组: NIRS监测组(A组,n=48)和传统经验组(B组,n=47)。中低温停循环期间,调节脑灌注流量及压力,维持rSO2 60%~80%。A组当rSO2<55%时行双侧脑灌注;B组通过控制目标灌注压40~60 mmHg来调节脑灌注流量。采集围术期临床资料,比较两组术中、术后临床指标及术后并发症情况。
结果 A组手术时间、CPB时间、主动脉阻断时间、停循环时间、术后机械通气时间、ICU留观时间和术后住院时间短于B组,但差异无统计学意义。A组术后永久神经系统并发症发生率和术后脑血栓新发率明显低于B组(P<0.05);A组术后短暂神经系统并发症发生率低于B组,但差异无统计学意义。
结论 NIRS监测联合SACP可降低主动脉弓置换术后永久神经系统并发症发生率。     

Daily life after moving into a care home--experiences from older people, relatives and contact persons

Aims and objectives. To describe older people's experiences of daily life at the care home after admittance with respect to their perceptions of participation in the decision to move. Furthermore, the aim was to study the experiences of their relatives and contact persons with respect to the daily life of the same residents. Background. When older persons move into a care home, the whole family often play an important part. Thus, it is interesting to study how newly admitted older people, their relatives and staff members experience daily life in a modern care home. Methods. Qualitative design. The participants comprised a purposive sample of 13 residents, recently admitted to a care home, 69–90 years old, both single living and married, both moving from their own homes and from different institutions. Interviews were carried out with the older people (n = 13), their relatives (n = 10) and contact persons (n = 11). Results. The majority of the residents reported satisfaction with care home living. The relatives were also satisfied, secure and appreciated the privacy and homely atmosphere of the flat. The disadvantage of one‐room flats was that the residents might have felt lonely. The relatives felt that the residents were bored, but few residents desired more activities, even if some of them longed for people to socialize with. For many older people, perhaps talking is the most important ‘activity’ at care homes. Concerning self‐determination, some residents did not find it satisfactory. Relevance to clinical practice. Staff members must pay attention to residents’ need to talk with people. For many older people, talking is perhaps the most important ‘activity’ at care homes. Nurses must safeguard residents’ self‐determination. When residents are in control of their lives, they may become satisfied with time.     

Care of women with breast cancer on a surgical ward: nurses' opinions of the need for support for women,relatives and themselves

BACKGROUND: In Sweden women with newly diagnosed breast cancer are admitted to surgical wards in order to undergo surgery and receive postoperative care. On these wards, nursing staff take care of women both with newly diagnosed breast cancer and those with cancer in advanced stages. Nurses have to meet the varying needs of patients and their relatives. AIM: To describe nurses' opinions of the need for care and support for women and their relatives in connection with surgery for breast cancer, as well as their own need for support on a surgical ward. METHODS: Thirty-one nurses from a surgical ward participated in semi-structured interviews. The interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thereafter a step-by-step, qualitative content analysis was carried out. RESULTS: The nurses described the need to talk and receive information as being the most important among women and their relatives, as well as among themselves. Only a few nurses mentioned the need for physical care among the women. Contact with relatives was described as being almost nonexistent. There was a discrepancy between what nurses described as important needs and how these needs were provided for. CONCLUSION: This study shows that what the nurses described as being the most important needs, and the way how these needs were provided for, was more often seen from a theoretical point of view with few examples of self-experienced situations in the daily care. Needs among women and their relatives seemed to be not fully known to nurses and therefore, possibly, were not met. Nurses themselves had a pronounced need for support, which was sometimes unsatisfactorily met.     

Haploidentical Bone Marrow Transplantation with Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide Using Non–First-Degree Related Donors

Outcomes of nonmyeloablative (NMA) haploidentical (haplo) blood or marrow transplant (BMT) with post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy) using non–first-degree relatives are unknown. We evaluated 33 consecutive adult patients (median age, 56 years) with hematologic malignancies who underwent NMA haplo T cell–replete BMT with PTCy at Johns Hopkins using second- or third-degree related donors. Donors consisted of 10 nieces (30%), 9 nephews (27%), 7 first cousins (21%), 5 grandchildren (15%), and 2 uncles (6%). Thirty-one patients (94%) reached full donor chimerism by day 60. The estimated cumulative incidence (CuI) of grades II to IV acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) at day 180 was 24% (90% confidence interval [CI], 9% to 38%). Only 1 patient experienced grades III to IV aGVHD. At 1 year the CuI of chronic GVHD was 10% (90% CI, 0% to 21%). The CuI of nonrelapse mortality at 1 year was 5% (90% CI, 0% to 14%). At 1 year the probability of relapse was 31% (90% CI, 12% to 49%), progression-free survival 64% (90% CI, 48% to 86%), and overall survival 95% (90% CI, 87% to 100%). The 1-year probability of GVHD-free, relapse-free survival was 57% (90% CI, 41% to 79%). NMA haplo BMT with PTCy from non–first-degree relatives is an acceptably safe and effective alternative donor platform, with results similar to those seen with first-degree relatives.