六种黄斑部病变的多焦视网膜电图比较

目的:比较6种黄斑病变的多焦视网膜电图(mERG)差异。 方法:记录了6种类型黄斑部病变患者的mERG,并与相应年龄组正常对照进行了比较。 结果:各种类型黄斑病变mERG均较正常对照组有显著差异,mERG各环N1、P1振幅反应降低,潜伏期延长(P<0.01);mERG振幅降低以中心1环处最为严重,随离心度增加mERG振幅与正常差异有逐渐减小趋势;在6种黄斑病变中mERG 1环振幅以渗出性老年性黄斑变性(ARMD)、中心性渗出性脉络膜视网膜病变、特发性黄斑裂孔和Stargardt病mERG降低较严重,而萎缩性ARMD、特发性黄斑部视网膜前膜及特发性中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变mERG变化相对较轻。 结论:mERG是一种十分有效的黄斑功能测定方法;不同类型黄斑病变的黄斑功能在总体上存在有差异。眼科学报 2003;19:257-261。     

玻璃体切除术治疗牵引性黄斑病变的疗效分析

目的评价玻璃体切割手术治疗牵引性黄斑病变的效果。方法对玻璃体黄斑牵引综合征3例、特发性黄斑视网膜前膜5例、继发性黄斑前膜和黄斑皱襞5例、继发性玻璃体黄斑牵拉6例,共19例(19眼)眼作了玻璃体切除手术患者的临床病史资料进行回顾性对比分析。结果19眼中1眼术前伴有黄斑板层裂孔,术后发展为全层裂孔,视力轻度下降,2眼无变化,其余16眼均有不程度提高。全部患眼术后对黄斑的牵拉解除,组织水肿增厚减轻,13眼术前后OCT检查显示黄斑中心的厚度由术前平均668μm下降至最后随访时的平均312μm(p<0.05)。结论玻璃体切除术对各种原因的牵引性黄斑病变有良好的治疗效果,大部分患者视力提高,黄斑厚度下降,变形视改善。     

Spectral domain optical coherence tomography morphology in optic disc pit associated maculopathy

Purpose:

Our purpose was to study the clinical manifestation and course of optic pit maculopathy using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD- OCT) images.

Materials and Methods:

We used SD-OCT to examine 20 eyes of 19 patients with a macular detachment in combination with an optic.

Results:

We observed five different fovea appearances in regard to fluid localization. In five eyes, we recorded changes in the fluid distribution with SD-OCT. In 17/20 eyes, we noted a communication between the perineural and subretinal and/or intraretinal space at the margin of the optic disc.

Conclusion:

3-dimensional SD-OCT (3D-SDOCT) scans revealed a three-fold connection, between subretinal and intraretinal space, perineural space, and the vitreous cavity. Therefore, we suppose that intraretinal or subretinal fluid in optic pit maculopathy may have both a vitreous and cerebrospinal origin. A membrane, covering the optic nerve was noted in 14 cases. Even if it seems intact in some B-scans, it is not complete in others several micrometers apart. Additionally, we observed fluid accumulation below the margin of the optic disc and hyperreflective porous tissue in the optic disc excavation. Those findings do not influence the course of maculopathy.     

Age-related macular degeneration: Effects of a short-term intervention with an oleaginous kale extract—a pilot study

ObjectiveAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial degenerative disease of the retina, which accounts for slowly progressive visual impairment in the elderly. An increased dietary intake of xanthophylls is suggested to be inversely related to the risk of macular disease.MethodsThe present study was designed as a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel trial examining the influence of a short-term intervention with an oleaginous extract of Brassica oleracea var. sabellica L. (kale) on plasma xanthophyll concentrations and the optical density of the macular pigment xanthophylls (MPOD). Twenty patients with non-exudative AMD were recruited for a 10-wk study period (2-wk run-in, 4-wk intervention, 4-wk washout). All participants received 50 mL of a beverage containing either an oleaginous extract of kale (kale) or refined rapeseed oil (placebo). The verum product provides 10 mg lutein and 3 mg zeaxanthin per day.ResultsThe concentrations of the xanthophylls in plasma and the MPOD increased significantly in the kale group after 4 wk of intervention. The successive washout period resulted in a significant decline of the values in plasma and macula. The values at the end of the study were still significantly higher than the initial values. Nevertheless, the improvements did not persist over 4 wk of washout.ConclusionThe distribution of the xanthophylls in the macula seems to be more dynamic than originally assumed.     

频域光学相干断层成像在黄斑疾病中的应用

目的：观察黄斑疾病在频域光学相干断层成像（OCT）扫描的图像特征。方法：用频域OCT检测黄斑部病变眼638例。结果：中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变151例可见神经上皮脱离和（或）色素上皮脱离。黄斑裂孔46例黄斑中心凹神经上皮全层或部分缺失。干性AMD30例为RPE局灶性高反射信号,湿性AMD9例神经上皮或色素上皮下呈不规则的高反射层。黄斑水肿315例可见视网膜增厚及囊腔形成。视网膜前膜39例视网膜前呈高反射光带。中心性渗出性脉络膜视网膜病变31例为RPE下或RPE上的团块状高反射信号。视网膜劈裂10例视网膜反射信号减低,外丛状层拉长呈＂桥样＂连接。玻璃体黄斑牵拉综合症7例可见玻璃体后界膜中高反射条带与黄斑区相连。结论：频域OCT能发现以往OCT不能发现的微小病变,对黄斑部疾病诊断具有独特的临床应用价值。     

Dengue related maculopathy and foveolitis

A 24 year-old Malay lady presented with high grade fever, myalgia, generalized rashes, severe headache and was positive for dengue serology test. Her lowest platelet count was 45 × 10⁹ cells/L. She complained of sudden onset of painlessness, profound loss of vision bilaterally 7 days after the onset of fever. On examination, her right eye best corrected vision was 6/30 and left eye was 6/120. Her anterior segment examination was unremarkable. Funduscopy revealed there were multiple retinal haemorrhages found at posterior pole of both fundi and elevation at fovea area with subretinal fluid. Systemic examination revealed normal findings except for residual petechial rashes. She was managed conservatively. Her vision improved tremendously after 2 months. The retinal hemorrhages and foveal elevation showed sign of resolving. Ocular manifestations following dengue fever is rare. However, bilateral visual loss can occur if both fovea are involved.     

Maculopathy associated with tacrolimus (FK 506)

A 63-year-old man with a history of liver transplantation presented to our clinic complaining of visual disturbance. He had been receiving tacrolimus (FK 506) for 30 months (6 mg/day for 2 years and 3 mg/day for 6 months); he reported that the visual disturbance began while taking tacrolimus. A full ophthalmologic examination and electrophysiologic and imaging studies were performed. The best corrected visual acuity was 0.1 in both eyes. There were no abnormal finding in the anterior segment, pupillary reflexes were normal and, there was no swelling in either optic disc. Although the foveal reflex was slightly decreased, fluorescein angiography revealed non-specific signs, with the exception of a window defect. A multifocal electro-retinogram revealed decreased amplitude of the central ring. A Swedish interactive threshold algorithm-standard 10-2 visual field test revealed a central scotoma. These findings suggest that tacrolimus may result in maculopathy. Therefore, careful ophthalmologic examination is necessary in the patients taking tacrolimus.     

First and second-order kernel multifocal electroretinography abnormalities in acute central serous chorioretinopathy

Purpose To evaluate the first and second-order kernel multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) response abnormalities in patients with acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Methods This was a cross-sectional observational study in which 45 eyes of 45 patients with acute CSC underwent mfERG recordings. Peak amplitudes and implicit times of the first and second-order kernel responses were analyzed and compared with 20 age-matched normal controls. Correlation analyses were performed between the patients’ visual acuity and the first and second-order amplitudes and implicit times. Results The first-order N1 and P1 mfERG amplitudes in the central three concentric rings were reduced in eyes with acute CSC compared with controls (P < 0.05). The first-order P1 implicit times of the central four rings were also delayed (P < 0.05). For the second-order mfERG response, there were significant reductions in the second-order P1 and N1 amplitudes in rings 3–5 compared with controls (P < 0.05). No significant difference between the second-order P1 and N1 implicit times was found compared with controls (P > 0.05). Correlation analyses showed significant correlations between visual acuity and the first-order N1 response amplitudes of rings 1 and 2, and for the first-order N1 and P1 implicit times of rings 1–4 (P < 0.05). Conclusion Both first and second-order mfERG response abnormalities occur in eyes with acute CSC. These results suggest that in acute CSC, while outer retinal dysfunction is mostly localized to the central macula, there might be more widespread impairment in adaptive mechanisms of the inner retina or outer plexiform layer dysfunction in the more peripheral macula. Presented in part in the 44th annual symposium of the International Society of Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV), Fontevraud, France, June 2006.     

Non-vascular vision loss in pseudoxanthoma elasticum

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum patients with angioid streaks are well-known to have acute vision loss due to choroidal bleeding. However, chronic vision loss due to macular atrophy is less well characterized. We describe a patient with sub-acute vision loss in one eye due to loss of macular retinal pigment epithelium function. Autofluorescence and pattern electroretinogram were useful adjuncts to help diagnose the source of her vision loss.