人端粒酶逆转录酶在肿瘤免疫治疗中的应用

寻找有效的抗原表位是近期肿瘤免疫治疗的热点．人端粒酶逆转录酶(hTERT)的免疫学特性使其成为肿瘤免疫治疗中一个吸引人的目标。从人和鼠系统获得的数据证实，细胞毒淋巴细胞(CTL)能识别hTERT特异的肽并杀死多种组织类型hTERT表达的肿瘤细胞。由于hTERT在人肿瘤组织中的广泛表达，在极少正常组织的低水平表达，临床试验已开始检验将hTERT作为肿瘤免疫治疗目标的可行程度。近期树突状细胞(DC)转运系统及其相关技术的发展和成熟提供了一个快速有效筛选抗原肽的方法。     

肾细胞癌中血管内皮生长因子的表达

目的 探讨肾癌组织中血管内皮生长因子的表达及其与肾癌生物学行为的关系。方法 应用单克隆鼠抗-VEGF抗体通过免疫组化SP法研究肾癌中血管内皮生长因子的表达。结果 60例肾癌组织中35例(58.3％)血管内皮生长因子阳性。血表达与组织学分级(P<0.05)和TNM分期(P<0.05)均明显相关。 结论 血管内皮生长因子表达对肾癌生物学行为有重要影响,设法抑制血管内皮生长因子有望成为肾癌治疗的另一有效方法。     

MUC-1基因在胃癌和外周血中的表达及临床意义

目的：检测胃癌MUC－1的表达情况及其与临床分期和转移的相关性。方法：应用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT－PCR）和免疫组化方法检测胃癌活检标本和外周血中MUC－1基因和蛋白的表达水平。结果：在56例胃癌病例中MUC－1 mRNA阳性表达率为48．2％，MUC－1蛋白阳性表达率为53．6％，临床分期中I和II期病人阳性表达率MUC－1 RNA为33．3％，MUC－1蛋白为40％，而-Ⅲ期病人则分别高达65．4％和69．2％，二者差异有显著性意义（P＜0．05），在淋巴结转移的患者中外周血的癌细胞MUC－1高表达，阳性率为73％，结论：MUC－1是一种较好反映胃癌恶性程度和转移性的肿瘤标志物。     

Oral administration of an edible-mushroom-derived protein inhibits the development of food-allergic reactions in mice

BACKGROUND: Food allergy is a common disease without effective treatment. Since strict elimination of food allergens may be difficult, strategies for effective intervention are urgently needed. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to investigate the prophylactic use of orally administrated FIP-fve, an immunomodulatory protein isolated from the edible mushroom Flammulina velutipes, in a murine model of food allergy. METHODS: BALB/c mice were immunized twice intraperitoneally with ovalbumin (OVA), at an interval of 2 weeks. Before and during each period of immunization, FIP-fve (200 microg per mouse) or phosphate-buffered saline was given orally every other day with a total of five doses. Then OVA-specific antibodies and cytokine profiles were determined. Subsequently, the mice were orally challenged with OVA. Symptoms of anaphylaxis, levels of plasma histamine, and histology of intestines were examined. RESULTS: Mice receiving oral FIP-fve treatment during sensitization to OVA had an impaired OVA-specific IgE response with a Th1-predominant cytokine profile. These mice were protected from systemic anaphylaxis-like symptoms induced by subsequent oral challenge with OVA. CONCLUSION: Oral administration of FIP-fve has a Th1-skewing effect on the development of the allergen-specific immune response, and may serve the purpose of immunoprophylaxis for food allergy and other allergic diseases.     

胰腺原发性破骨细胞样巨细胞瘤

目的对胰腺原发性破骨细胞样巨细胞瘤的诊断、治疗和预后进行探讨。方法收集长海医院15年间2115例胰腺手术患者中2例胰腺原发性破骨细胞样巨细胞瘤患者的临床资料,结合国内外报道46例资料进行分析。结果48例胰腺原发性破骨细胞样巨细胞瘤患者男女比例相当,平均年龄(60.5±13.4)岁。病灶位于胰头的27例,病灶平均直径为(9.2±4.7)cm,临床表现以上腹部隐痛及纳差为首发症状多见,生存期平均(24.5±12.3)个月。结论胰腺原发性破骨细胞样巨细胞瘤临床罕见,极易误诊;好发于胰头,多为低度恶性,根治性或姑息性手术切除是其有效的治疗方法。     

原发性前列腺印戒细胞癌(1例报告并文献复习)

目的探讨原发性前列腺印戒细胞癌的临床特征。方法回顾性分析1例原发性前列腺印戒细胞癌患者的临床资料,并结合文献进行复习讨论。结果患者前列腺穿刺活检病理报告为前列腺印戒细胞癌,免疫组织化学检查示PSA( ),PAS、CEA、LCA、CKH(-),行双侧睾丸切除术和氟他胺治疗,术后1月死于肺部转移。结论原发性前列腺印戒细胞癌来自前列腺腺泡上皮,确诊依靠病理组织学和免疫组化检查。临床罕见,恶性程度高,预后较差。     

结直肠癌发病机理的新位点——PPARδ

目的探讨PPARδ在结直肠癌发病机理中的作用。方法回顾有关PPARδ研究及结直肠癌发病机理的文献。结果PPARδ是Wnt信号通路的下游分子，在结直肠癌组织中表达上调，并能抑制结直肠癌细胞凋亡。结论PPARδ与结直肠癌的发生密切相关。     

中药安迪注射剂对人食管癌细胞的放射增敏作用

目的 :观察安迪注射剂 (Andi)对电离辐射生物学效应的影响。方法 :人食管癌细胞株 (ECA 10 9)在富氧 (空气 )和缺氧 (通 99 99%的高纯氮气 5 0min)条件下分别观察对照组、Andi组、60 Co γ线辐射和Andi +60 Co γ线辐射 4组细胞形态 (光镜 )、细胞倍增时间 (TD)、存活率 (SR)及集落存活分数 (SF)。结果 :光镜下可见Andi组、辐射组、Andi+辐射组癌细胞变性、坏死、凋亡 ,以Andi +辐射组为最显著。MTT法测定对照组、Andi组、60 Co γ线辐射和Andi+60 Co γ线辐射四组缺氧细胞的TD(% )分别为 4 6 12 ,118 72 ,6 2 81,171 0 2h ,SR分别为 10 0 % ,4 2 % ,86 % ,30 % ;各治疗组与对照组比较TD 和SR均相差显著 (P <0 0 5 )。方差分析显示 ,辐射在富氧 (F =90 19,P =0 0 0 0 1)和缺氧 (F =37 0 9,P =0 0 0 0 3)时均为SF的影响因素 ;Andi仅在缺氧时对SF是有意义的影响因素 (F =2 9 0 4 ,P =0 0 0 0 7) ,与60 Co γ线辐射合用对缺氧细胞SF的影响具有协同作用 (F =11 37,P =0 0 0 98)。用单靶多击模型拟合数据分析 ,Andi的放射增敏比 (SER)为 1 5 ,相对敏化效应 (RSE)为 5 5 %。结论 :Andi对缺氧ECA 10 9细胞具有明显的细胞毒和放射增敏作用。     

Indoor radon measurement with The Lucas cell technique

Rn-222 is the most important source of natural radiation and is responsible for approximately half of the received dose from all sources. Most of this dose is from inhalation of the Rn-222 progeny, especially in closed atmospheres. A Lucas cell technique, using a portable device, “PRASSI” (SILENA mod. 5S), for Rn-222 measurements inside the Centre for Radiation Protection and Radioecology (ZSR), Hannover University was used. The portable radon monitor PRASSI is suitable for radon gas continuous or grab sampling measurements with the scintillation cell technique. In recognition of the wide periodic variations in concentration, measurements were made daily for extended periods. At the same time, meteorological variables, such as temperature and humidity were observed so that their influence on radon levels could be evaluated. The radon average concentration during the year was about 55.9 Bq/m³ which gives rise to an annual effective dose 2.2 mSv y⁻¹. The radon concentration is within the limits prescribed by the International Commission for Radiation Protection. A detailed analysis of radon distribution with seasonal variation is presented.     

硒抑制镍诱导的人肺成纤维细胞的DNA损伤

目的　探讨三氧化二镍(Ni2O3)对人肺成纤维细胞(human lung fibroblasts,HLF)的DNA损伤作用以及Na2SeO3的保护作用。方法　应用单细胞凝胶电泳(single cell gel electrophoresis,SCGE)检测DNA损伤。结果　Ni2O3 处理HLF细胞4 h,SCGE检测出DNA损伤程度高于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.01)。而Ni2O3 Na2SeO3 处理组DNA损伤程度低于Ni2O3 组,差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论　硒可抑制镍诱导的人肺成纤维细胞的DNA损伤。