蓝光照射对小鼠视网膜形态和功能的损伤作用

目的通过观察蓝光照射对C57BL/6J小鼠视网膜形态和功能的影响,探讨非渗出性年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)的模型。方法采用投币法将20只8周龄清洁级C57BL/6J雄性小鼠随机分为正常对照组和蓝光照射组。蓝光照射组小鼠暗适应24 h后暴露于10000 lx蓝光下5 d,正常对照组小鼠按12 h/12 h正常光照/黑暗的周期饲养于正常光照环境5 d。采用光相干断层扫描成像(OCT)活体检查各组小鼠视网膜厚度变化,采用视网膜电图(ERG)检查各组小鼠视网膜功能变化。于光照结束后24 h采用颈椎脱臼法处死小鼠并制备眼球壁标本,采用免疫荧光染色法测定小鼠视网膜中视紫红质(Rho)、紧密连接蛋白(ZO-1)和β-catenin蛋白表达。结果蓝光照射组小鼠视网膜上部和下部距视盘200、400、600、800和1000μm处视网膜外核层厚度均较正常对照组变薄,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。蓝光照射组小鼠暗适应和明适应b波振幅分别为(305.50±41.52)μV和(119.50±6.67)μV,分别低于正常对照组的(415.50±28.77)μV和(139.75±8.26)μV,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。正常对照组小鼠RPE细胞呈正六边形,视网膜各层形态规则,Rho、ZO-1和β-catenin荧光较强;蓝光照射组小鼠RPE细胞形态不规则,ZO-1染色减弱或消失,β-catenin染色和Rho蛋白荧光强度减弱。结论蓝光照射小鼠视网膜变薄,视网膜功能减弱。     

Prediction of pancreatic fistula after pancreatectomy by virtual touch tissue imaging and quantification (VTIQ) technology

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the stiffness of pancreatic parenchyma and solid focal pancreatic lesions (FPLs) by virtual touch tissue imaging and quantification (VTIQ) technique and to investigate the potential usefulness of VTIQ method in the prediction of post-operative pancreatic fistula (POPF) after pancreatectomy.MethodsIn this prospective study, patients who scheduled to undergo pancreatectomy were initially enrolled and received VTIQ assessment within one week before surgery. VTIQ elastography (Siemens ACUSON Sequoia, 5C-1 transducer) was used to measure the shear wave velocity (SWV) value of FPLs and the body part pancreatic parenchyma. The palpation stiffness of pancreas was qualitatively evaluated during operation by surgeons. POPF was finally diagnosed and graded through a three-weeks post-operative follow-up according to international study group of pancreatic fistula (ISGPF). SWV values were compared between POPF positive and negative group. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of SWV value in predicting POPF.ResultsFrom December 2020 to June 2021, 44 patients were finally enrolled in this study, among which, 26 patients were identified to develop POPF after pancreatectomy. The SWV value of pancreatic parenchyma in POPF positive group was significantly lower than that in POPF negative group (P = 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in palpation stiffness between the two groups (P = 0.124). Besides, neither the SWV value of FPL nor the SWV ratio between FPL to surrounding pancreatic parenchyma differ significantly between POPF positive and negative group (P > 0.05). Taking SWV value of pancreatic parenchyma >1.10 m/s as a cut-off value for predicting POPF, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was 0.864 with 72.2% sensitivity, 92.3% specificity, 86.7% positive predictive value (PPV) and 82.8% negative predictive value (NPV), respectively.ConclusionsVTIQ technique might be a potential non-invasive imaging method to predict POPF before pancreatectomy in future clinical practice.     

声触诊组织成像定量技术评价正常成人睾丸生精功能

目的 采用声触诊组织成像定量（VTIQ）技术测量正常成人睾丸剪切波速度（SWV）,分析影响睾丸弹性硬度的主要因素,探讨其评价男性睾丸生精功能的价值。方法 招募200名正常成年男性志愿者行睾丸常规超声检查,测量双侧睾丸体积。以VTIQ技术测量双侧睾丸上极、中份、下极的SWV,比较双侧睾丸、不同年龄组睾丸SWV差异,并与年龄、睾丸体积和精子活动率和精子密度进行相关性分析。结果 200名正常成年男性左右侧睾丸SWV均为（1.23±0.18）m/s,左右侧差异无统计学意义（t=-0.376,P=0.710）。21~30岁组、31~40岁组、41~50岁与51~60岁组间双侧睾丸SWV值总体差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.001）。睾丸SWV与年龄呈正相关（r=0.454,P<0.001）,与睾丸体积、精子活动率和精子密度分别呈负相关（r=-0.649、-0.668、-0.675,P均<0.001）。结论 VTIQ技术可定量测量睾丸组织硬度,有望用于初步评估睾丸生精功能。     

声触诊组织量化成像评价注射A型肉毒毒素治疗脑卒中后前臂旋前肌痉挛肌肉硬度改变

目的 探讨声触诊组织量化成像（VTIQ）评价注射A型肉毒毒素治疗脑卒中后前臂旋前肌痉挛肌肉硬度改变的价值。方法 收集31例脑卒中后前臂旋前肌痉挛患者,在其松弛状态下,于超声引导注射A型肉毒毒素,并于治疗前和治疗后1个月对双侧旋前圆肌、旋前方肌行VTIQ检查,测量剪切波速度（SWV）,对比治疗前后以及患侧与健侧SWV差异。于治疗前后对患侧上肢肌力进行改良Ashworth量表（MAS）评分并比较其差异,评价其与SWV的相关性。结果 治疗前患侧旋前圆肌SWV值高于健侧（P=0.005）;治疗后1个月,患侧旋前圆肌、旋前方肌SWV值与健侧比较差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。治疗后患侧旋前圆肌、旋前方肌SWV值均小于治疗前（P均<0.05）,治疗前后患侧上肢MAS评分差异有统计学意义（Z=-2.252,P=0.024）。治疗前后患侧上肢肌张力MAS评分与治疗前后患侧旋前圆肌的SWV值呈正相关（r_s=0.629、0.653,P均<0.001）。结论 VTIQ可用于动态观察脑卒中后前臂旋前肌痉挛患者旋前圆肌、旋前方肌的肌肉硬度,由此定量评估注射A型肉毒毒素治疗脑卒中后前臂旋前肌痉挛的疗效。     

Photodynamic therapy of colorectal cancer using a new light source

PURPOSE: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a relatively new alternative modality for palliation of rectal cancer. Current source of light for PDT are laser systems that are expensive and not necessarily needed for PDT. We evaluated a new nonlaser light source for PDT, Versa-Light ^® .METHODS AND RESULTS: In vitro PDT—CT26 murine colon carcinoma cells were incubated with aluminum phthalocyanine (AlPcS ₄ ) for 48 hours and subjected to photoradiation using Versa-Light ^® ,and viability was assessed. There was a significant decrease in viability of treated cells compared with controls. In vivo PDT—BALB/c mice were injected either subcutaneously or intrarectally with CT26 cancer cells. IP AlPcS ₄ (2.5 mg/kg) was injected when tumors were visible. After 24 hours, mice were subjected to photoradiation. Massive tumor necrosis in response to PDT was observed. PDT also prolonged survival of treated mice. Patient treatment—A 70-year-old woman with recurrent local rectal carcinoma received intravenous Photofrin II ^® (2 mg/kg). After 48 and 96 hours, she was subjected to direct photoradiation. After the first light session, there was complete macroscopic disappearance of the tumor. Biopsies up to 10 weeks after the treatment showed no cancer cells in the treated area. Sixteen weeks later, a randomized biopsy from previous tumor site showed carcinoma cells. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that Versa-Light ^® ,is a good light source for PDT. It was effective in both in vitro and animal studies. It can also be safely used for clinical PDT.Supported by the Roni Udassin Memorial Fund of the Israel Cancer Society.     

光固化流体树脂与可见光固化窝沟封闭剂防治儿童龋病的疗效对比

目的 探讨光固化流体树脂与可见光固化窝沟封闭剂对儿童龋病的疗效.方法 将我院龋齿防治的120例儿童随机分为两组.试验组60例进行光固化流体树脂治疗.对照组60例可见光固化窝沟封闭剂治疗.观察两组患龋率及封闭剂维持率.结果 试验组龋齿率为7.9％,稍低于对照组的8.8％,无统计学差异（P ＞0.05）;试验组1年封闭剂维持率为96.2％,高于对照组的84.2％,有统计学差异（P＜0.05）;试验组2年封闭剂维持率为90.0％,高于对照组的75.8％,有统计学差异（P＜0.05）.结论 光固化流体树脂较可见光固化剂疗效显著,其患儿封闭剂维持率比较高,同时患儿患龋率也较低,值得临床选择.     

预防性和治疗性二极管蓝光照射防治极低出生体质量儿高胆红素血症的疗效比较

目的比较预防性和治疗性二极管（LED）蓝光照射防治极低出生体质量儿（VLBWI）高胆红素血症的临床疗效。方法选择2012年11月至2014年2月扬州大学临床医学院产科转入新生儿重症监护中心（NICU）住院的80例VLBWI为研究对象,并采用随机数字表法将其分为采用预防性LED蓝光照射的预防组和采用治疗性LED蓝光照射的治疗组,每组各为40例。观察两组患儿总照射时间、胆红素峰值、黄疸消褪时间、高胆红素血症（血清胆红素水平〉171.0μmol/L）发生率及治疗不良反应（发热、腹泻、皮疹、低钙血症、贫血、青铜症）发生情况。本研究遵循的程序符合扬州大学临床医学院人体试验委员会所制定的伦理学标准,得到该委员会批准,分组征得受试对象监护人的知情同意,并与之签署临床研究知情同意书。两组患儿入院胎龄、体质量、入院时间、性别、分娩方式比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结果预防组患儿总照射时间长于治疗组,但两组比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,其胆红素峰值、黄疸消褪时间明显低于治疗组,二者比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。预防组患儿高胆红素血症发生率显著低于治疗组,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。两组患儿治疗不良反应（发热、腹泻、皮疹、低钙血症、贫血、青铜症）发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论预防性LED蓝光照射防治VLBWI高胆红素血症虽然总照射时间略长于治疗性LED蓝光照射,但其临床疗效显著优于后者,具有便捷、高效、安全、治疗不良反应小等优点。     

New evidence of ethanol's anxiolytic properties in the infant rat

Ethanol induces appetitive, aversive, and anxiolytic effects that are involved in the development of ethanol use and dependence. Because early ethanol exposure produces later increased responsiveness to ethanol, considerable effort has been devoted to analysis of ethanol's appetitive and aversive properties during early ontogeny. Yet, there is a relative scarcity of research related to the anxiolytic effects of ethanol during early infancy, perhaps explained by a lack of age-appropriate tests. The main aim of this study was to validate a model for the assessment of ethanol's anxiolytic effects in the infant rat (postnatal days 13–16). The potentially anxiolytic effects of ethanol tested included: i) amelioration of conditioned place aversion, ii) ethanol intake in the presence of an aversive conditioned stimulus, iii) the inhibitory behavioral effect in an anxiogenic environment, and iv) innate aversion to a brightly illuminated area in a modified light/dark paradigm. Ethanol doses employed across experiments were 0.0, 0.5, and 2.0 g/kg. Results indicated that a low ethanol dose (0.5 g/kg) was effective in attenuating expression of a conditioned aversion. Ethanol intake, however, was unaffected by simultaneous exposure to an aversive stimulus. An anxiogenic environment diminished ethanol-induced locomotor stimulation. Finally, animals given 0.5 g/kg ethanol and evaluated in a light/dark box showed increased time spent in the illuminated area and increased latency to escape from the brightly lit compartment than rats treated with a higher dose of ethanol or vehicle. These new results suggest that ethanol doses as low as 0.5 g/kg are effective in ameliorating an aversive and/or anxiogenic state in preweanling rats. These behavioral preparations can be used to assess ethanol's anxiolytic properties during early development.