剂型因素和给药途径对人参皂苷Rg1 在大鼠 血清和脑组织中分布的影响

目的:考察剂型因素和给药途径对人参皂苷Rg1(GRg1)在大鼠血清和脑组织中分布的影响。方法:大鼠鼻腔给GRg1鼻腔喷雾剂,以大鼠口服和鼻腔给GRg1生理盐水为对照,给药后测定各组大鼠脑和血清中的GRg1的含量。采用Wagner-Nelson法处理数据。结果:鼻腔给药途径使GRg1在血清和脑组织中的分布和转运效率分别提高了5.05,2.50倍;喷雾剂的剂型因素使GRg1在血清和脑组织中的吸收和转运效率分别提高了11.80,3.35倍。结论:GRg1鼻腔给药途径和喷雾剂都能显著提高其生物利用度。     

中药内服联合异维A酸红霉素凝胶治疗寻常座疮56例

目的:观察中药内服联合异维A酸红霉素凝胶治疗寻常座疮的临床疗效。方法:100例患者随机分成2组,治疗组56例,予中药内服联合异维A酸红霉素凝胶治疗;对照组44例予中药内服。2组均15天为1个疗程,共治疗2个疗程。结果:治疗组与对照组临床疗效比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:中药内服联合异维A酸红霉素凝胶治疗寻常痤疮疗效优于单纯内服中药。     

半夏泻心汤治疗艾滋病相关腹泻临床观察

目的：观察半夏泻心汤治疗艾滋病相关腹泻的临床疗效。方法：对70例确诊为艾滋病相关腹泻的患者,运用经方半夏泻心汤口服或灌肠治疗。结果：14d后腹泻消失者32例,腹泻次数明显减少者29例,腹泻次数无明显变化9例,有效率为87．1％。结论：半夏泻心汤治疗艾滋病相关腹泻具有良好疗效,值得临床上推广应用。     

Toxicity of a novel anti-tumor agent 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3: A 26-week intramuscular repeated administration study in Beagle dogs

The potential subchronic toxicity of a dammarane-type triterpenoid saponin with antitumor effect, 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3, was studied repeated intramuscular administration in Beagle dogs over a 26-week period. 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3 was administrated intramuscularly at 0, 0.70, 2.86 or 7.20 mg/kg/day doses for 26 weeks in both male and female dogs (n = 4 for male and female dogs for each dose). During the test period as well as during the 8-week recovery period, clinical signs, mortality, body weights, food consumption, respiratory frequency, electrocardiogram, ophthalmoscopy, urinalysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, gross findings, organ weights and histopathology were examined. In dogs treated with doses of 2.86 or 7.20 mg/kg, hematological investigations revealed a dose-dependent increase in the total white blood cell (WBC) count and in the percentage of neutrophils, but a decrease in the percentage of lymphocytes. These effects were completely reversed during the recovery period, and no other adverse effects were observed. The no-observed-adverse-effect levels for both male and female dogs were considered to be 7.20 mg/kg/day.     

Safety assessment of lutein and zeaxanthin (Lutemax™ 2020): Subchronic toxicity and mutagenicity studies

Lutein and zeaxanthin, naturally occurring carotenoids, have shown to reduce the risk of cataracts and age-related macular degeneration. Lutemax™ 2020 is a lutein and zeaxanthin (including meso-isomer) enriched product obtained from Marigold flowers (Tagetes erecta L). The objective of the present study was to investigate adverse effects, if any, of Lutemax 2020™ in acute and subchronic toxicity, and mutagenicity studies. In acute toxicity study in rats no lethality was noted at 2000 mg Lutemax 2020™/kg body weight (bw). In the subchronic study, Wistar rats (10/sex/group) were administered (gavage) lutein/zeaxanthin concentrate at dose levels of 0, 4, 40 and 400 mg/kg bw/day for 90-days. Compared with the control group, administration of lutein/zeaxanthin concentrate did not result in any toxicologically significant treatment-related changes in clinical observations, ophthalmic examinations, body weights, body weight gains, feed consumption, and organ weights. No toxicologically relevant findings were noted in urinalysis, hematology or clinical biochemistry parameters at the end of the treatment or recovery period. Terminal necropsy did not reveal any treatment-related gross or histopathology findings. The results of mutagenicity testing in Salmonella typhimurium did not reveal any genotoxicity. The no observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for lutein/zeaxanthin concentrate was determined as 400 mg/kg bw/day, the highest dose tested.     

Crystal methamphetamine injection predicts slower HIV RNA suppression among injection drug users

We examined the impact of crystal methamphetamine injection on HIV RNA suppression among a prospective cohort of HIV-positive injection drug users initiating antiretroviral therapy. A multivariate Cox regression analysis found crystal methamphetamine injection to be negatively associated with viral load suppression (RH=0.63 [95% CI: 0.40-0.98]; p=0.039). This study is the first to our knowledge to demonstrate an association between crystal methamphetamine use and HIV RNA suppression.     

输液泵输注甘露醇的可行性研究

目的:探讨输液泵输注甘露醇的可行性.方法:随机将输注甘露醇的病人1620例次分为两组,每组810例次,观察组用输液泵输注,对照组采用重力法输入,观察两组外渗发生例次和面积以及外渗的血管部位.结果:两组外渗发生例次和面积差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),观察组的外渗例次多于对照组,外渗面积大于对照组;两组外渗的发生均与选择静脉的直径呈负相关.结论:输液泵不能用于加压输注甘露醇,但在重力法输液的流速能达到甘露醇使用要求时,可用输液泵恒速输入.     

舒芬太尼复合氯诺昔康用于髋关节置换术后静脉自控镇痛的临床观察

目的观察舒芬太尼复合氯诺昔康在髋关节置换术后静脉自控镇痛的效果及不良反应。方法50例全麻下髋关节置换术患者随机分成舒芬太尼组（s组）与芬太尼组（F组）,s组：舒芬太尼2懈／b,氯诺昔康40mg,0．9％氯化钠注射液稀释至100ml;F组：芬太尼20肛g／k、氯诺昔康40mg,0．9％氯化钠注射液稀释至100ml。手术结束时连接静脉输注泵镇痛。结果s组术后镇痛满意度评分为（3．0±0．5）分,明显优于F组的（2．7±0．6）分,48h异常出汗和恶心呕吐发生率小于F组（均P〈0．05）。结论舒芬太尼复合氯诺昔康用于髋关节置换术后的静脉自控镇痛的效果优于芬太尼复合氯诺昔康组,不良反应少。     

我院313例地高辛血药浓度监测结果分析

目的 分析该院313例地高辛血药浓度监测结果,为临床合理用药提供参考.方法 采用微粒酶免疫检验技术(MEIA)测定患者的地高辛血药浓度,并对所监测的结果进行统计学分析.结果 在监测的313例次地高辛血药浓度病例中,血药浓度在0.5～2.0 μg·L-1的有222例(70.9%);＜0.5 μg·L-1的有52例(1...     

提高医院行政总值班工作绩效的策略探讨

介绍了医院行政总值班的工作内涵,从外行管理、孤身管理、临时管理等分析了医院行政总值班管理制度的特点和缺陷,针对医院行政总值班工作中存在的工作效率低下、工作失误较多等问题,提出加强岗前教育和培训、合理排班、探索改变医院行政总值班人员的构成方法、转变管理理念、在非值班期间主动协调与其它职能科室与临床科室的关系、建立对医院行政总值班工作的评估机制、人文关怀等提高医院行政总值班工作绩效的策略。