洪雅县公费医疗住院患者病种医疗费用分析

对洪雅县2313例公费医疗住院患者的前11个病种的平均住院日，病种费用及费用构成进行了分析。指出影响病种医疗费用逐年上涨的因素，并提出了控制病种费用上涨的措施。     

慢性难愈合创面住院患者回顾性调查

目的 了解慢性难愈合创面形成原因及患者相关情况,为该类创面的治疗、研究提供方向,为国家相关部门制定健康保障策略提供依据.方法收集2008年武汉市第三医院全院共12 161例次住院患者病历资料.以皮肤组织缺损经1个月治疗未愈合为判定标准,筛选出慢性难愈合创面患者病历,回顾性调查患者创面形成原因、性别、年龄、治疗情况、平均住院日.对数据行x2检验和方差分析.结果 12 161例次住院患者中,慢性难愈合创面患者397例次占3.3%.(1)创面的主要形成原因为烧伤占59.9%(238/397)、糖尿病占15.6%(62/397)、压疮占10.8%(43/397),其次为手术、感染、静脉曲张等.各种原因引起慢性难愈合创面患者例次比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=136.21,P=0.001).(2)慢性难愈合创面患者男、女比例为2.0∶1.0;年龄(44±23)岁,高发年龄段为大于或等于70岁,各年龄段创面患者例次比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=24.12,P=0.025).各种原因引起的慢性难愈合创面患者各年龄段例次比较,差异均有统计学意义(x2值为7.86～28.31,P值均小于0.05).(3)分别有60.5%(240/397)和86.4%(343/397)的慢性难愈合创面患者接受了手术与抗生素治疗,所有患者均采用传统敷料治疗.(4)慢性难愈合创面患者平均住院日为(38±27)d,较同期所有住院患者明显延长[(15±7)d,F=22.82,P=0.012].烧伤引起的慢性难愈合创面患者平均住院日[(47±27)d]最长,各种原因引起的慢性难愈合创面患者平均住院日比较,差异有统计学意义(F=24.06,P=0.036).结论烧伤及糖尿病引起的慢性难愈合创面较多,创面患者老龄化明显、住院时间明显长于其他疾病患者.有必要加大转化医学研究力度,促进国家相关政策制定,使慢性难愈合创面得到科学合理的治疗.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate cause of chronic wounds and related status of patients so as to provide strategy for study and treatment of chronic wounds and establish ment of health policy. Methods A total of twelve thousand one hundred and sixty-one cases hospitalized in our hospital in 2008 were enrolled in the study. A chronic wound was defined as skin tissue defect which could not heal after one month of treatment. Medical records were thus screened. Then a retrospective study was performed on patients with chronic wounds with analysis of age, gender, injury cause, therapy, and average length of hospital stay. Data were processed with chi-square test and one-way analysis of variance. Results Investigation showed:397 out of 12 161 cases ( accounting for 3.3% ) were recognized as having chronic wounds. ( 1 ) The main causes for chronic wound were burn, diabetes, and pressure ulcer, accounting for 59.9% (238/397),15.6% (62/397), 10.8% (43/397), respectively. The other causes were operative injury, infection,varicosity, etc. There was statistical difference among the numbers of patients with chronic wounds with regard to various causes of injury (x 2 = 136.21, P = 0. 001 ). (2) Among patients with chronic wound, the patients older than 70 years. There was significant difference in the numbers of patients with chronic wound among different age groups (x2 = 24.12, P =0. 025). There was statistical difference among the numbers of patients with chronic wound in different age groups with each cause of injury ( with x 2 values from 7.86 to 28.31, P values all below 0.05 ). ( 3 ) All patients with chronic wounds received traditional dressing. In 60. 5% (240/397) and 86.4% (343/397) of patients, operative treatment or antibiotics were given. (4)The average length of hospital stay in patients with chronic wound [( 38 ± 27 ) d] was longer as compared with that of all the inpatients in the same period [(15 ± 7) d, F = 22.82, P = 0. 012]. There was obvious difference in the average length of hospital stay among patients with chronic wound caused by different reasons ( F = 24.06, P = 0. 036) , in which burn injury resulted in the longest length of hospital stay [(47 ±27) d]. Conclusions Chronic wounds are mainly caused by diabetes and burn, and characterized by old age and longer length of hospital stay. It is necessary to strengthen translational research and related policy making, so that more rational treatment can be applied for patients with chronic wounds.     

脊髓损伤患者对住院环境的需求评价

目的了解脊髓损伤患者对住院环境的需求评价,为创造利于脊髓损伤患者康复的住院环境提供依据。方法以患者希望拥有的住院环境为主题,采用征求意见表和工休座谈会的方式对64例脊髓损伤患者进行调查分析。结果 51例(79.7%)患者对现有住院环境满意,100%的脊髓损伤患者需要提供陪护陪床条件、出院后的家庭康复指导及治疗费用的保障;90%以上的脊髓损伤患者需要提供安全的活动空间和便利的生活条件、和病友和睦相处、医护人员的重视与关爱、家庭的重视与关爱。结论优化脊髓损伤患者的住院环境,提供舒适护理,能提高患者功能锻炼的有效性,提高生活质量。     

Psychiatric comorbidity in cardiovascular inpatients: costs, net gain, and length of hospitalization

Objective

Although psychiatric comorbidity often goes undetected and untreated in cardiovascular patients, it is not clear whether the costs for a special treatment of psychiatric comorbidity are appropriately reflected in the reimbursement system. To investigate the economic impact of psychiatric comorbidity, we compared costs, returns, net gain, and duration of hospitalization in cardiovascular inpatients with and without psychiatric comorbidity.

Methods

For a period of 2 years, we analyzed costs, net gain, and other outcome variables according to the diagnosis-related group (DRG) system for cardiovascular inpatients of a German university department (n=940). Psychiatric disorders were diagnosed by the treating physicians based on clinical criteria and results from the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ). With respect to the outcome variables, we compared patients with and without a psychiatric disorder, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics.

Results

The average total costs of hospitalization (mean±S.E.) for cardiovascular patients without psychiatric comorbidity and for patients with psychiatric comorbidity differed significantly (€5142±210 vs. €7663±571; d=0.39). The increased costs for patients with psychiatric comorbidity were related to elevated returns, but the net gain for patients without psychiatric comorbidity was €277±119. In contrast, the treatment of internal medicine patients with psychiatric disorders resulted in a net loss of −€624±324 (overall group difference, d=−0.25).

Conclusion

Psychiatric comorbidity in cardiovascular inpatients leads to higher costs that are not reflected in the current reimbursement system in Germany. The inappropriate reimbursement of psychiatric comorbidity in cardiovascular inpatients may result in a serious undertreatment of these patients.     

住院糖尿病患者授权能力及影响因素分析

目的 调查住院糖尿病患者的授权能力现状并分析其影响因素.方法 采用一般情况调查表、糖尿病授权简化量表、一般自我效能量表及社会支持评定量表,对杭州市某三级甲等医院141例住院糖尿病患者进行调查.结果 住院糖尿病患者的授权得分为(3.9±0.66)分,患者在评价自我管理不足的方面及制订具体的行为改变计划时能力较差;多元逐步回归分析结果显示,自我效能(β=0.527,P<0.01)、对支持的利用度(β=0.183,P<0.01)、文化程度(β=0.147,P<0.05)是住院糖尿病患者授权能力的影响因素,共同解释总变异的36%.结论 针对不同文化程度的住院糖尿病患者应加强其自我效能和对支持的利用度,以提高授权能力.     

广东省住院患者糖脂代谢状况与合并症调查

目的 了解住院病人糖和脂代谢状态、调脂达标现状及对合并症的影响,以提高临床医务工作者对糖、脂代谢紊乱认知意识和防治水平.方法 采用横断面调查方法,对广东省10家大学附属医院同期住院的8753例患者登记病史、空腹血糖(FBG),行体脂和血脂分析.已诊断糖尿病(PDM)和FBG≥5.6 mmo]/L未诊断精尿病患者填写病例报告表;5.6 mmol/L≤FBG≤6.9 mmol/L者行口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT).结果 PDM和未诊断糖尿病FBG≥5.6 mmol/L资料完整者1067例.未诊断糖尿病5.6 mmol/L≤FBG≤6.9 mmol/L行OGTT检查者占65.8%(325/494).PDM 447例,占41.9%,新诊断糖尿病(NDM)占21.7%,糖调节异常(IGR)占29.1%,正常糖耐量(NGT)7.3%.TG水平NDM组和PDM组高于NGT组和IGR组(P值均<0.05),HDL-C水平NGT组高于糖耐最异常各组(P值均<0.05).血脂异常的比例IGR组52.5%,NGT组56.4%,糖尿病(NDM+PDM)组69.6%.22.8%PDM患者接受系统调脂治疗,达标率3.4%.IGR、NDM和PDM组BMI和腰围大于NGT组(P值均<0.05),腰围PDM组大于IGR组(P<0.01).PDM组合并1种以上血管病变者占72.8%,NDM患者9.7%并发糖尿病肾病,0.2%并发糖尿病视网膜病变.结论 住院糖尿病和IGR患者合并脂质代谢异常的比例显著高于NGT住院患者,以高TG和低HDL-C血症为主.住院PDM患者合并血管病变的比例显著高于其他患者,部分NDM和IGT患者已并发微血管病变.     

住院患者发作心室颤动临床特征10年资料分析

目的 分析心脏专科医院内发作心室颤动(室颤)的复苏预测因素.方法 分析10年院内室颤患者复苏成功与失败组的资料.结果 入选201例患者共计209例次室颤发作,男性132例.主要基础疾病为冠心病(66.5%)其中急性心肌梗死(AMI)占52.9%.Ⅳ级(纽约心脏病学会心功能分级)占59.7%,且该组患者复苏成功率最低(45.5%).logistic回归分析发现存存严重心功能不全,无低钾作为室颤发作的诱因以及复苏时用肾上腺素预示复苏失败率分别升高1.7倍(95%CI1.3～2.2),2.9倍(95%CI 1.9～4.3)和25倍(95%CI 11.5～55.1).在AMI亚组分析中可见AMI24 h内发作室颤最多(56.9%),且相对于其他时间段发作窜颤患者的复苏成功率最高(71.0%);另外以右冠状动脉为梗死相关血管的患者发作室颤前多出现心动过缓(88.9%),而左前降支为梗死相关血管则多见心动过速(66.7%).结论 院内室颤患者主要基础疾病为冠心病,尤其是AMI;心功能越差发生率和院内病死率越高;非低钾诱发及抢救中应用肾上腺素都预示着低除颤成功率.     

皮肤病医院住院患者临床应用抗菌药物调查分析

目的：调查分析临床应用抗菌药物的现状,促进临床合理用药。方法：随机抽取2007年1月—2009年12月的出院病历440份,对其抗菌药物应用、病原菌培养、药敏培养情况进行调查分析。结果：在所调查的病例中,有225例使用抗菌药物,占51.13%,药费占住院费用65.98%,抗菌药物费用占药费51.16%,病原培养89例占39.55%,病原培养阳性51例占22.67%,药敏培养34例占15.11%。存在抗菌药物应用不合理用药现象的病历58份占25.78%,其中无菌感染或指征不明占不合理病例3.56%,给药方案不合理占13.33%,用药疗程不合理占3.11%,无依据调换品种占4.00%。结论：抗菌药物临床应用基本合理,但亦存在某些不合理应用情况,主要表现为用药疗程过长,换药无依据,不按药代动力学给药,病原菌送检及药敏培养率低。应加强抗菌药物的使用管理,促进抗菌药物的合理应用。     

Influence of episode duration of major depressive disorder on response to electroconvulsive therapy

BACKGROUND: Longer duration of major depressive episode is supposed to decrease response to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Most studies on the subject are dated and their population differs from ours, therefore their results may not be applicable to our population of severely depressed inpatients. METHODS: We reviewed the records of 56 consecutive inpatients with major depressive disorder according to DSM-III-R criteria and assessed each patient's episode duration. We examined whether episode duration has an effect on response to ECT. RESULTS: Episode duration has no significant effect on response to ECT, according to both a reduction on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) of at least 50% and a post-treatment HRSD score 相似文献   

临床药师在妇科住院患者抗菌药物应用中的作用

目的:评价临床药师在妇科住院患者抗菌药物应用中的作用。方法:将2008年6～12月在我院妇科住院的患者,按入院顺序随机分为临床药师参与指导用药组(药师组,n=158)和医师经验用药组(经验组,n=158),对其住院期间抗菌药物的应用情况进行统计、分析。结果:2组患者均应用了抗菌药物。药师组患者单一用药比例明显高于经验组,而二联、三联及以上用药比例明显低于经验组(P<0.05)。药师组患者的平均住院时间、住院费用、药品费用、抗菌药物费用及比例也均低于经验组(P<0.05)。结论:临床药师参与妇科住院患者用药建议,可使抗菌药物应用更合理,能降低住院患者的医疗费用。