比马前列素用于睫毛增长的安全风险探讨

目的 探讨比马前列素用于睫毛增长的安全风险。方法 针对比马前列素的理化性质、药理作用和药动学、临床应用、不良反应、化妆品监管政策等方面进行梳理分析，为监管工作提供理论依据。结果 比马前列素是一种人工合成的前列腺素类似物——前列腺素F_2α类似物，可以有效降低眼压和促进毛发增长。其消除半衰期为45 min，主要通过尿液排泄。FDA孕期评级为C级，可能对胎儿有不利影响；上市后不良反应主要包括眼睛充血、眼睑红斑、眼刺激等，其安全性有必要进行进一步评估；不符合中国化妆品的定义和规定的功效宣称，欧盟和加拿大禁止比马前列素等药物成分用于化妆品，美国将其作为药品管理。结论 为了保证化妆品质量安全，规范和促进行业健康发展，建议中国监管部门跟踪关注比马前列素等前列腺素类似物的使用安全性，必要时调整管理措施。     

Medical equipment libraries: implementation,experience and user satisfaction

Abstract

The hospital-wide pooling and sharing of certain types of medical equipment can lead to both significant improvements in patient safety and financial advantages when compared with a department or ward-level equipment ownership system. In September 2003, a Medical Equipment Loan Service (MELS) was established, focusing initially on infusion pumps. The aims and expected benefits included; improving availability of equipment for both patients and clinical users, managing and reducing clinical risk, reducing equipment diversity, improving equipment management and reducing the overall cost of equipment provision. A user survey was carried out in 2005 and repeated in 2011. The results showed wide and continued satisfaction with the service. The process and difficulties of establishing the service and its development to include additional types of equipment are described. The benefits of managing medical equipment which is in widespread general use, through a MELS as part of a Clinical Engineering Department, are presented.     

With how many users should you test a medical infusion pump? Sampling strategies for usability tests on high-risk systems

Usability testing is recognized as an effective means to improve the usability of medical devices and prevent harm for patients and users. Effectiveness of problem discovery in usability testing strongly depends on size and representativeness of the sample. We introduce the late control strategy, which is to continuously monitor effectiveness of a study towards a preset target.A statistical model, the LNB_zt model, is presented, supporting the late control strategy. We report on a case study, where a prototype medical infusion pump underwent a usability test with 34 users. On the data obtained in this study, the LNB_zt model is evaluated and compared against earlier prediction models.The LNB_zt model fits the data much better than previously suggested approaches and improves prediction. We measure the effectiveness of problem identification, and observe that it is lower than is suggested by much of the literature. Larger sample sizes seem to be in order. In addition, the testing process showed high levels of uncertainty and volatility at small to moderate sample sizes, partly due to users’ individual differences. In reaction, we propose the idiosyncrasy score as a means to obtain representative samples. Statistical programs are provided to assist practitioners and researchers in applying the late control strategy.     

Bioactivation to an aldehyde metabolite—Possible role in the onset of toxicity induced by the anti-HIV drug abacavir

Aldehydes are highly reactive molecules, which can be generated during numerous physiological processes, including the biotransformation of drugs. Several non-P450 enzymes participate in their metabolism albeit alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase are the ones most frequently involved in this process. Endogenous and exogenous aldehydes have been strongly implicated in multiple human pathologies. Their ability to react with biomacromolecules (e.g. proteins) yielding covalent adducts is suggested to be the common primary mechanism underlying the toxicity of these reactive species.     

护理干预对膀胱癌患者术后灌注化疗药物的临床分析

目的 探讨和研究护理干预对膀胱癌患者术后灌注化疗药的临床效果.方法 摘取我院近年来收治的74例术后使用膀胱灌注化疗的膀胱癌患者的临床资料作为研究对象,按照随机分组的原则将之分为观察组和对照组各37例,其中对照组采用常规护理措施；观察组则在此基础上加用护理干预,统计并对比两组患者的差异性.结果 观察组和对照组患者按计划完成化疗的总完成率分别为86.49％ (32)和37.84％ (14),两组患者在按计划完成率上差异明显,具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 有针对性的对灌注化疗患者实施护理干预能够有效的降低患者术后灌注的不良反应,提高患者治疗依从性,为化疗顺利完成和改善患者生活质量提供有效帮助.     

川芎嗪联合硫酸镁治疗妊娠期高血压疾病的效果及不良反应分析

目的：探究临床治疗妊娠期高血压疾病的理想方法，从而为相关临床治疗和研究提供借鉴依据。方法：选取本院2009年1月-2012年12月收治的128例妊娠期高血压疾病患者作为研究对象，按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组各64例。对照组给予硫酸镁治疗，观察组在此基础上给予盐酸川芎嗪治疗。观察比较两组患者采用不同临床治疗方法后的临床治疗效果以及不良反应发生情况。结果：观察组的治疗总有效率90.63%明显高于对照组的73.44%，比较差异有统计学意义（字2=6.4133，P=0.0113），观察组的不良反应发生率7.81%明显低于对照组的21.88%，比较差异有统计学意义（字2=5.0063，P=0.0253）。结论：在临床针对妊娠期高血压疾病患者实施治疗的过程中，采用川芎嗪联合硫酸镁进行治疗的临床效果显著，是临床治疗妊娠期高血压疾病的理想选择。     

锁定钢板在肱骨近端骨折内固定中的应用价值

目的探究锁定钢板在肱骨近端骨折中的临床应用以及术后不良反应发生情况分析。方法选择2010²013年80例肱骨近端骨折患者为研究对象,随机平均分成两组分别简称为锁定钢板组和传统手术组,将两组的恢复情况以及术后发生的不良反应进行统计分析。结果传统手术组的有效率明显低于锁定钢板组,镇定钢板组不良反应发生率低于传统手术组。结论锁定钢板在肱骨近端骨折治疗中疗效显著,不良反应发生率低,值得进一步的进行研究和探索。