Prediction of individual response to antidepressants and antipsychotics: an integrated concept

In both clinical trials and daily practice, there can be substantial inter- and even intraindividual variability in response—whether beneficial or adverse—to antidepressants and antipsychotic medications. So far, no tools have become available to predict the outcome of these treatments in specific patients. This is because the causes of such variability are often not known, and when they are, there is no way of predicting the effects of their various potential combinations in an individual. Given this background, this paper presents a conceptual framework for understanding known factors and their combinations so that eventually clinicians can better predict what medication(s) to select and at what dose they can optimize the outcome for a given individual. This framework is flexible enough to be readily adaptable as new information becomes available. The causes of variation in patient response are grouped into four categories: (i) genetics; (ii) age; (iii) disease; and (iv) environment (internal). Four cases of increasing complexity are used to illustrate the applicability of this framework in a clinically relevant way In addition, this paper reviews tools that the clinician can use to assess for and quantify such inter- and intraindividual variability. With the information gained, treatment can be adjusted to compensate for such variability, in order to optimize outcome. Finally, the limitations of existing antidepressant and antipsychotic therapy and the way they reduce current ability to predict response is discussed.     

结核病患者的营养筛查及个体化营养干预的效果分析

〔摘 要〕 目的：观察营养风险筛查、个体化营养干预对肺结核患者临床疗效的影响。方法：选择 2021 年 3 月至 2022 年 3 月就诊于巩义市人民医院感染科的 64 例肺结核患者，运用营养风险筛查评估表（NRS 2002）对患者进行营 养风险筛查，并检验个体化营养干预前后淋巴细胞计数（TLC）、血清白蛋白（ALB）、血红蛋白（HGB）、前白蛋 白（PA）、体质量指数（BMI）的变化及肌酐水平。结果：营养干预 12 周的 NRS 2002 评分≥ 3 分的肺结核患者占比 低于入组时，＜ 3 分的肺结核患者占比高于入组时，差异均具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）；营养干预 4 周后，患者的 HGB、PA、BMI 水平较入组时均有改善，干预 12 周后，患者的 ALB、HGB、PA、BMI 水平较入组时均有改善，差异 具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）。结论：肺结核患者大多存在营养风险，个体化营养干预可改善肺结核患者的营养状态。     

Rosiglitazone maleate + metformin hydrochloride extend: review of an emerging compound

Clinical practice guidelines from around the world have continued to highlight the importance of glycemic control in the prevention of diabetes complications. Despite the many tools available to achieve these targets, it remains a constant challenge for healthcare providers and patients alike. Rosiglitazone maleate + metformin hydrochloride extend is a new compound that has the advantage of the clinical experience and knowledge about the current version and the added benefit of being a once daily, single pill option. The existing version of rosiglitazone + metformin has been shown to effectively lower hemoglobin A1C, improve insulin sensitivity and minimize weight gain. It is expected that the new compound will also have similar features, with the added benefit of improved patient adherence given its once daily formulation.     

医疗失效模式与效应分析在药物基因实验质量管理的应用与实践

目的 通过应用医疗失效模式与效应分析(healthfailure mode and effect analysis，HFMEA)，预防药物基因实验的风险事件，提高药物基因实验的操作质量。方法 药学实验室成立失效模式与影响分析(failure mode and effect analysis，FMEA)活动小组，采用头脑风暴法，借助HFMEA模式，识别及分析药物基因实验过程前、中、后可能存在的操作、仪器及环境对药物基因实验质控造成的风险事件，同时制定相对应的解决方案。结果 开展HFMEA活动后，预防与补救了药物基因实验前、中、后的风险事件产生，风险系数值由总分值1 375分降至62.36分，降幅为95.47%(P<0.01)；活动小组成员在品管手法、解决问题能力、沟通配合、积极性等方面得到了显著提高。结论 HFMEA活动有助于降低药物基因实验产生风险事件的频次，有效提升实验室的质量管理。     

Opportunities for Improving Post-Hospital Home Medication Management Among Older Adults

SUMMARY

Effective post-hospital home medication management among older adults is a convoluted, error-prone process. Older adults, whose complex medication regimens are often changed at hospital discharge, are susceptible to medication-related problems (e.g., Adverse Drug Events or ADEs) as they resume responsibility for managing their medications at home. Human error theory frames the discussion of multi-faceted, interacting factors including care system functions, like discharge medication teaching that contribute to post-hospital ADEs. The taxonomy and causes of post-hospital ADEs and related risk factors are reviewed, as we describe in high-risk older adults a population that may benefit from targeted interventions. Potential solutions and future research possibilities highlight the importance of interdisciplinary teams, involvement of clinical pharmacists, use of transitional care models, and improved use of informational technologies.