缺血修饰白蛋白对急性冠脉综合征早期诊断价值

目的:探讨缺血修饰白蛋白(ischemia modified albumin,IMA)对急性冠脉综合征(acute conoary syndrome,ACS)的早期诊断价值。方法:132例疑似ACS患者在胸痛发作5 h内采血测定IMA,肌钙蛋白I(cardiac tro-ponin I,cTnI),入院即刻描记12导联心电图(electrocardiogram,ECG)。入选患者均经规范诊断、危险分层、标准治疗。IMA测定结果由吸光度单位表示,经ROC曲线分析获得区分非心肌缺血性胸痛(non-ischemia chestpain,NICP)与ACS最适Cutoff值。IMA、cTnI及ECG结果分别与最终诊断结果(NICP,ACS)进行综合分析,评价其诊断ACS的敏感性。结果:NICP与ACS组间IMA值存在显著性差异,ROC曲线下面积0.978,在cutoff值ABUS=0.525时敏感性和特异性分别为91.6%和89.8%。入院即刻检查,IMA、cTnI和ECG诊断ACS的敏感性分别为85%、20%和40%。结论:IMA可对急性心肌缺血做出早期诊断,明显提高ACS早期诊断敏感性。     

First ray alignment in Lapidus arthrodesis – Effect on plantar pressure distribution and the occurrence of metatarsalgia

BackgroundLapidus arthrodesis is an established treatment option for severe hallux valgus deformity especially in patients suffering from instability of the first tarsometatarsal joint. Surgery related metatarsalgia is known to be associated with persistent elevation of the first ray after realignment surgery. Nevertheless, detailed information on ideal positioning of the first ray in Lapidus surgery is missing so far. This study was designed to determine any correlations between radiographic and pedobarographic outcome following the Lapidus procedure with regard to clinical outcome and the occurrence of metatarsalgia.MethodsThirty feet (28 patients) after Lapidus surgery were available for follow-up at 42.5 ± 21.0 months. All subjects had radiographic and pedobarographic evaluation of the operated foot and patient satisfaction was recorded using questionnaires.ResultsMetatarsalgia was associated with a poorer outcome in FADI and AOFAS scores (p < 0.005). A lateral shift of plantar pressure distribution to the third metatarsal head in these cases could be observed. Although Lapidus surgery resulted in significant shortening of the first metatarsal, no correlation to the occurrence of metatarsalgia was detectable. Likewise, axial plane malalignment showed no influence, whereas elevation of the first ray was highly correlated to surgery related metatarsalgia (p = 0.007). Subjects suffering from metatarsalgia had a higher BMI (body mass index), but its effect on metatarsalgia turned out not to be significant (p = 0.090).ConclusionIn Lapidus surgery realignment of the first metatarsal in the sagittal plane seems to be decisive for good clinical outcome. Failing to plantarflex the arthrodesis resulted in a lateral shift of plantar loading with overload of the lesser metatarsals and the occurrence of metatarsalgia.     

Embolization for control of refractory posterior epistaxis

Objectives

Many methods are included in the treatment of intractable epistaxis including selective embolization. We report our experience with 10 patients treated with this technique.

Patients and methods

Ten patients with posterior idiopathic epistaxis were selected in this study. They were managed by double-balloon device followed by embolization.

Results

Study included six males and four females, their age ranged from 49 to 66 years (mean 56 years). Four patients were hypertensive, two were smokers. Epistaxis was unilateral in six patients and bilateral in four. Six internal maxillary and eight sphenopalatine arteries were embolized with polyvinyl alcohol 150–250 μm. Bleeding stopped in all patients after procedure. One patient had recurrent attack 2 months later for whom re-embolization successfully stopped bleeding. No major complications encountered but minor complications occurred in two patients (one severe headache and one transient left temporofacial pain).

Conclusion

Selective embolization is a clinically effective treatment for severe refractory posterior epistaxis. By this method we can avoid the complications of repeated packs and surgery especially in elderly patients.     

Evaluation and Management of Patients With Heart Disease and Cancer: Cardio-Oncology

The care for patients with cancer has advanced greatly over the past decades. A combination of earlier cancer diagnosis and greater use of traditional and new systemic treatments has decreased cancer-related mortality. Effective cancer therapies, however, can result in short- and long-term comorbidities that can decrease the net clinical gain by affecting quality of life and survival. In particular, cardiovascular complications of cancer treatments can have a profound effect on the health of patients with cancer and are more common among those with recognized or unrecognized underlying cardiovascular diseases. A new discipline termed cardio-oncology has thus evolved to address the cardiovascular needs of patients with cancer and optimize their care in a multidisciplinary approach. This review provides a brief introduction and background on this emerging field and then focuses on its practical aspects including cardiovascular risk assessment and prevention before cancer treatment, cardiovascular surveillance and therapy during cancer treatment, and cardiovascular monitoring and management after cancer therapy. The content of this review is based on a literature search of PubMed between January 1, 1960, and February 1, 2014, using the search terms cancer, cardiomyopathy, cardiotoxicity, cardio-oncology, chemotherapy, heart failure, and radiation.     

全动脉化冠状动脉搭桥术32例

自１９９６年１２月至１９９８年３月，为３２例冠心病病人施行以乳内动脉（ＩＭＡ）、胃网膜右动脉（ＧＥＡ）及桡动脉（ＲＡ）为血管材料的全动脉化冠状动脉（ＣＡ）搭桥术，同时施行贲门癌切除、胃食管吻合术１例，心梗后室间隔穿孔修补术１例，心梗后室壁瘤切除术６例。全组７例取用ＧＥＡ，２９例取用ＲＡ（１０例双侧），每例均取用左侧ＩＭＡ（１５例双侧），以人均２．９个动脉桥完成人均３．５个远端吻合（最多者６个）。７例采用了３种动脉桥，２５例采用ＩＭＡ和ＲＡ２种动脉桥。１７例用ＲＡ做“蛇”形桥。１例用右ＩＭＡ做第１室间隔支搭桥。创用“Ｖ”字形ＲＡ自体血管壁加宽近端吻合口的方法，成功地完成了较细ＲＡ与主动脉间的近端吻合。全组未发现与取材有关的并发症。术后心电图、超声心动图和核素心肌显像提示，搭桥区域的心肌灌注和心室功能均较术前明显改善。初步实践证明，全动脉化ＣＡ搭桥术虽然难度较大，但术后效果好，并可望比传统的静脉桥有更理想的远期通畅率     

血清IMA、MCP-1、CD163表达水平与急性冠脉综合征患者病情严重程度的关系研究

目的研究血清IMA、MCP-1、CD163表达水平与急性冠脉综合征患者病情严重程度的关系。方法本研究的研究对象以2017年1月至2018年1月在我院诊治的100例ACS患者为观察组,同期100例非缺血性胸痛患者为对照组,分别对两组患者的血清IMA、MCP-1、CD163表达水平进行对比,对观察组患者的以上指标进行多因素相关回归分析。结果观察组患者的IMA、MCP-1、CD163水平与Gensini评分、血浆NT-proBNP水平明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05),观察组患者随着病情的加重,其血清IMA、MCP-1、CD163水平与Gensini评分、血浆NT-proBNP水平呈明显上升趋势;患者血清IMA、MCP-1、CD163这三个指标都是水平越高、Gensini评分越高,血浆NT-proBNP水平越高,呈现正相关;血清IMA、血清MCP-1、血清CD163均为ACS的独立危险因素,而血清HDL为ACS的保护因素。结论 IMA、MCP-1、CD163与NT-proBNP水平和Gensini评分均呈正相关关系,与HDL均是ACS的独立危险因素,有望成为ACS病情评估和预后预测的指标。     

Immunotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma: where are we now?

Immunotherapy with cytokines was the first effective treatment in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Long-term responders and complete remissions were observed, but efficacy in the overall population was limited with the consequence that targeted agents replaced cytokines. The discovery of tumor associated antigens as direct targets paved the way from theses rather unspecific to specific immunotherapeutic strategies, which are discussed in this review. Autologous or dendritic cell (DC) based tumor vaccination with vitespen or AGS-003, adoptive T-cell transfer and synthetic peptide vaccination with IMA901 are new and promising approaches. Besides that the more passive strategies of antibody dependent cytotoxicity with the VEGF antibody bevacizumab or the carbonic anhydrase IX antibody girentuximab are discussed. Immunomodulation by cyclophosphamide, tyrosine kinase inhibitors or nivolumab, which targets the PD-1 axis, further promote T-cell activation and combinatory strategies with these agents are outlined.