龙江医派名医陈景河治疗血瘀证用药规律分析

目的：分析龙江医派名医陈景河治疗血瘀证的用药规律。方法收集、整理龙江医派名医陈景河在齐齐哈尔中医院门诊治疗血瘀证的中药方剂,建立数据库,利用统计学方法对用药情况进行统计分析。结果整理治疗血瘀证的中药方剂50首,涉及中药194种,用药总频数为610次。结论核心单味药依次为川芎、当归、黄芪、丹参、乳香、没药、党参、红花、白芍等;治疗血瘀证以活血化瘀药、补虚药、清热药、解表药等为主要功效的药物为主;药性以温、寒、平为主;药味以苦、辛、甘为主;归经以肝、脾、心、肺、肾为主。     

A Comparison of the Accuracy of Clinician Prediction of Survival Versus the Palliative Prognostic Index

Context

Survival predictions for advanced cancer patients impact many aspects of care, but the accuracy of clinician prediction of survival (CPS) is low. Prognostic tools such as the Palliative Prognostic Index (PPI) have been proposed to improve accuracy of predictions. However, it is not known if PPI is better than CPS at discriminating survival.

医疗卫生立法是依法治国的重要内容

按照依法治国重大战略部署,应当及时有力推动医疗卫生立法工作,就如何依法加强和规范医疗卫生服务,维护群众健康权益,保护健康资金使用与管理,规范医务人员执业行为,促进医疗卫生机构发展,保护从业人员积极性展开讨论,得出了应当建立以医疗卫生基本法为统领,以系列专门法律法规为重点的医疗卫生法律体系,形成医疗卫生领域法制建设的新生态和新常态的立法观点。     

Learning to Synchronize: Midfrontal Theta Dynamics during Rule Switching

In recent years, several hierarchical extensions of well-known learning algorithms have been proposed. For example, when stimulus-action mappings vary across time or context, the brain may learn two or more stimulus-action mappings in separate modules, and additionally (at a hierarchically higher level) learn to appropriately switch between those modules. However, how the brain mechanistically coordinates neural communication to implement such hierarchical learning remains unknown. Therefore, the current study tests a recent computational model that proposed how midfrontal theta oscillations implement such hierarchical learning via the principle of binding by synchrony (Sync model). More specifically, the Sync model uses bursts at theta frequency to flexibly bind appropriate task modules by synchrony. The 64-channel EEG signal was recorded while 27 human subjects (female: 21, male: 6) performed a probabilistic reversal learning task. In line with the Sync model, postfeedback theta power showed a linear relationship with negative prediction errors, but not with positive prediction errors. This relationship was especially pronounced for subjects with better behavioral fit (measured via Akaike information criterion) of the Sync model. Also consistent with Sync model simulations, theta phase-coupling between midfrontal electrodes and temporoparietal electrodes was stronger after negative feedback. Our data suggest that the brain uses theta power and synchronization for flexibly switching between task rule modules, as is useful, for example, when multiple stimulus-action mappings must be retained and used.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Everyday life requires flexibility in switching between several rules. A key question in understanding this ability is how the brain mechanistically coordinates such switches. The current study tests a recent computational framework (Sync model) that proposed how midfrontal theta oscillations coordinate activity in hierarchically lower task-related areas. In line with predictions of this Sync model, midfrontal theta power was stronger when rule switches were most likely (strong negative prediction error), especially in subjects who obtained a better model fit. Additionally, also theta phase connectivity between midfrontal and task-related areas was increased after negative feedback. Thus, the data provided support for the hypothesis that the brain uses theta power and synchronization for flexibly switching between rules.     

新生儿葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶缺乏症筛查与早期干预

目的探讨本地区新生儿葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶（G6PD）缺乏症的发病规律,采取干预措施,预防由于G6PD缺乏而引起的一系列疾病的发生,有效保护新生儿健康。方法采集新生儿出生72h后滤纸干血样,用微量连续流动荧光法测定G6PD含量,阳性者采集静脉血测定G6PD／6PGD比值确诊。结果334882例新生儿G6PD缺乏症筛查实验阳性112例,确诊实验阳性110例,符合率为98．2％;全市新生儿G6PD缺乏症发病率为3．3／万,男、女发病率分别为5．4／万和0．15／万,有显著性差异（χ^2=66．83,P〈0．01）;梁山县显著高于全市平均发病率（9．4／万,χ^2=31．48,P〈0．01）,市中区显著低于全市平均发病率（1．0／万,χ^2=10．53,P〈0．01）。新生儿G6PD缺乏症患儿父亲均为山东籍贯,母亲山东籍贯69例,外省籍贯41例,其中广西22例（53．7％）、四川6例（14．6％）、云南4例（9．8％）、贵州3例（7．3％）、广东2例（4．9％）、海南、江西、湖北、福建各1例（2．4％）。父母为济宁市本地居民的新生儿G6PD缺乏症发生率为2．0／万,梁山县仍显著高于全市平均发病率（4．7／万,χ^2=9．83,P〈0．01）,市中区仍显著低于全市平均发病率（0．6／万,χ^2=7．20,P〈0．01）。110例患儿中,36例出现新生儿黄疸,其中11例为重度黄疸,25例为中轻度黄疸,母亲为山东和外省籍贯的黄疸发生率分别为26．6％和46．3％（χ^2=4．77,P〈0．05）。通过早期对患儿黄疸的治疗和对家长的健康教育,无1例出现核黄疸和智能发育障碍。结论本地新生儿G6PD缺乏症发病率低于南方地区,G6PD缺乏症高发区人口流入,可增加本地该病的发生率．对患儿黄痘旱期治疗和家长健康教育,可避免因核黄疸引起的患儿死亡或智能发育障碍．     

Prospective comparison of three validated prediction rules for prognosis in community-acquired pneumonia

PURPOSE: We assessed the performance of 3 validated prognostic rules in predicting 30-day mortality in community-acquired pneumonia: the 20 variable Pneumonia Severity Index and the easier to calculate CURB (confusion, urea nitrogen, respiratory rate, blood pressure) and CURB-65 severity scores. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We prospectively followed 3181 patients with community-acquired pneumonia from 32 hospital emergency departments (January-December 2001) and assessed mortality 30 days after initial presentation. Patients were stratified into Pneumonia Severity Index risk classes (I-V) and CURB (0-4) and CURB-65 (0-5) risk strata. We compared the discriminatory power (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) of these rules to predict mortality and their accuracy based on sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios. RESULTS: The Pneumonia Severity Index (risk classes I-III) classified a greater proportion of patients as low risk (68% [2152/3181]) than either a CURB score <1 (51% [1635/3181]) or a CURB-65 score <2 (61% [1952/3181]). Low-risk patients identified based on the Pneumonia Severity Index had a slightly lower mortality (1.4% [31/2152]) than patients classified as low-risk based on the CURB (1.7% [28/1635]) or the CURB-65 (1.7% [33/1952]). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was higher for the Pneumonia Severity Index (0.81) than for either the CURB (0.73) or CURB-65 (0.76) scores (P <0.001, for each pairwise comparison). At comparable cut-points, the Pneumonia Severity Index had a higher sensitivity and a somewhat higher negative predictive value for mortality than either CURB score. CONCLUSIONS: The more complex Pneumonia Severity Index has a higher discriminatory power for short-term mortality, defines a greater proportion of patients at low risk, and is slightly more accurate in identifying patients at low risk than either CURB score.     

数据挖掘分析王晖治疗肺癌用药规律

<正>王晖主任中医师是第三批全国老中医药专家学术经验继承工作指导老师,享受国务院特殊津贴,拥有宁波市首个国家中医药管理局全国名老中医专家传承工作室,临床经验丰富,对肺癌的治疗有独到见解。笔者通过收集、整理王老师治疗的肺癌病例,采用数据挖掘的方法,分析处方中药物的使用频次、关联规则,摸索处方规律及用药经验,提炼经验为临床诊治打下前期基础。1资料与方法1.1研究对象及诊断标准按原发性支气管肺癌诊     

基于数据挖掘的中医妇科流派治疗崩漏的处方用药规律分析

目的〓利用数据挖掘分析各中医妇科流派对崩漏的用药规律。方法 收集各妇科流派治疗崩漏的处方,采用频数分析挖掘核心药物,统计药物归经情况,采用关联规则和聚类分析对核心药物使用规律进行挖掘。结果 收集处方27个,涉及中药110味。核心药物23味,前5位为白芍、地黄、当归、熟地黄、阿胶,药物主归肝肾脾心经。通过关联规则分析得到28个药物组合,常用的是牡丹皮和地黄。聚类分析得到7个药物聚类组合。结论 各中医妇科流派灵活运用多种止血法,治疗崩漏均不忘顾护阴血。     

以“四则四法”论治肺间质纤维化

[目的]通过数据挖掘方法,探讨分析宋康教授治疗间质性肺病的中医组方特色和用药规律,总结其临证经验。[方法]收集2014年1月至2018年12月于浙江中医药大学第一附属医院宋康教授门诊治疗的间质性肺病患者病案,提取所有患者处方药物,建立处方数据库;采用关联规则分析、系统聚类分析及中医复杂网络分析等数据挖掘方法进行分析总结,归纳宋康教授辨治间质性肺病的学术经验及用药规律。[结果]本研究共纳入处方1 114首,涉及药物203味。使用频次居前3位的单味药物为浙贝、桔梗、苏子,总结出核心药对3个、药组3组,并得出治疗间质性肺病的核心处方,由前胡、苏子、浙贝、桔梗、半枝莲、半边莲、虎杖、蛇舌草、鱼腥草、紫草、茜草、甘草组成。方中前胡、苏子、浙贝宣肺降气、化痰平喘,桔梗、半枝莲、半边莲、虎杖、蛇舌草、鱼腥草清热解毒散结,紫草、茜草走血分,有解毒祛瘀之功效,甘草调和诸药。[结论]宋康教授在治疗间质性肺病时以"痰""毒""瘀"为切入点,以清热解毒、化痰散瘀、化痰止咳平喘为主,重视固本祛邪、调畅气机,并擅用药对,精于配伍。