杂交型外支架与闭合植骨技术在Ⅱ型漂浮膝治疗中的应用（附35例报告）

目的：探讨应用胫骨杂交型外支架与闭合植骨方法治疗Ⅱ型飘浮膝的疗效。方法：自2004年7月～2007年10月，35例Ⅱ型飘浮膝患者应用杂交型外支架与闭合植骨方法治疗。男27例，女8例，年龄23～63岁，平均42岁。结果：全部病例均获得随诊，随访时间为术后12～40个月，平均26个月。按Karlstrom和Olerud的功能标准，优19例，良8例，可8例，优良率77．1％。合并脂肪栓塞综合征3例，经急救治疗痊愈；3例针道感染，给予换药、针道护理，消除感染；1例螺钉松动，给予换钉处理。结论：采用胫骨杂交型外支架，利用有限切口、闭合植骨方法，配合VSD敷料负压吸引技术微创治疗Ⅱ型飘浮膝，能有效减少无法内固定病人的肢体病废，通过早期功能锻炼，可以获得比较满意的膝关节功能。     

心血管外科杂交技术的应用与发展现状

心血管外科杂交技术是微创手术和心导管介入技术相结合的产物。它将以往属于心血管内科范畴的介入技术、器械和影像学方法等引入心脏外科手术中，其目的在于减少治疗的侵入性，提高治疗效果。现对杂交技术在心血管外科中的应用现状及进展，包括冠心病、先天性心脏病、胸主动脉瘤的杂交治疗，以及开展杂交治疗的条件等问题进行了综述。     

Correlation between hybrid capture II high‐risk human papillomavirus DNA test chemiluminescence intensity from cervical samples with follow‐up histologic results

BACKGROUND:

The Hybrid Capture II high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) DNA test is a US Food and Drug Administration‐approved nucleic acid hybridization assay using chemiluminescence for the semiquantitative detection of hrHPV in cervical samples. Patient samples and controls are used to calculate results as negative for hrHPV if <1.0, positive for hrHPV if >2.5, and “equivocal” if between 1.0 and 2.5.

METHODS:

The authors reported on the cervical histologic results of 209 patients demonstrating “equivocal” results for hrHPV from SurePath (204 patients) or ThinPrep (5 patients) vials, and compared patients in this cohort with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC‐US) cytology on the index cervical Papanicolaou (Pap) test (Group 1; n = 148 patients) with a patient cohort demonstrating unequivocal positive hrHPV test results (Group 2; n = 148 patients). The chemiluminescence intensity of hrHPV tests from patients in Group 2 were correlated with the presence and severity of dysplasia on subsequent histologic results, and patients were thereby stratified for their subsequent risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) types II/III.

RESULTS:

Approximately 97% of hrHPV tests demonstrating “equivocal” results were found to be positive at the time of retesting, and 15% of biopsied cases demonstrated CIN II or III. Results of follow‐up histology after an ASC‐US diagnosis, expressed as a percentage of the biopsied cohort, were: CIN II/III: 16.5% in Group 1 and 22.4% in Group 2; CIN I: 27% in Group 1 and 23.5% in Group 2; and negative: 56.5% in Group 1 and 54.1% in Group 2. Chemiluminescence intensity did not appear to be correlated with the severity of dysplasia.

CONCLUSIONS:

The percentage of high‐grade CIN in the “equivocal” hrHPV cohort is highly significant and therefore the management of these patients should be similar to the unequivocally positive population. After an unequivocal positive hrHPV test, the hrHPV chemiluminescence intensity does not appear to further predict the rate of high‐grade CIN. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.     

人工颈椎间盘置换联合前路减压融合术治疗多节段颈椎病的临床疗效分析

目的探讨人工颈椎间盘置换联合前路减压融合术治疗多节段颈椎病的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2009年1月~2013年4月因多节段颈椎病于我院行人工颈椎间盘置换联合前路融合术的18例患者临床资料,男7例,女11例;年龄37~59岁,平均47.1岁;11例患者行人工颈椎间盘置换联合椎间盘切除减压融合术,7例患者行人工颈椎间盘置换联合椎体次全切减压融合术。采用日本整形外科协会评分(Japanese orthopaedic association,JOA)、颈椎功能残障指数(neck disability index,NDI)、疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)评价临床疗效;行颈椎正侧位、功能位X线片及颈椎CT三维重建扫描,分别测量置换节段、手术相邻节段及颈椎整体活动度,并观察融合节段融合率、内固定位置及异位骨化情况。结果术后随访18~54个月,平均26.3个月,术后各随访点患者JOA、NDI、VAS评分均较术前显著改善(P<0.05);术后24个月时置换节段活动度(8.37°±2.77°)与术前(8.23°±3.36°)相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),颈椎整体活动度(41.71°±6.99°)较术前(44.91°±9.48°)显著减小,置换邻近节段活动度(9.16°±2.72°)与术前(9.41°±2.72°)相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),融合邻近节段活动度(9.43°±2.6°)较术前(8.18°±2.42°)显著增加(P<0.05);术后12个月融合节段融合率100%,术后各随访点未观察到内植物松动、移位及异位骨化等并发症。结论人工颈椎间盘置换联合前路减压融合术治疗多节段颈椎病可有效缓解疼痛、改善神经功能、维持颈椎生理活动度,获得满意临床疗效。     

The conceptual structure of physical touch in caring

AIMS OF THE STUDY: This study was conducted to clarify and to conceptualize the phenomena of physical touch in caring. BACKGROUND: Physical touch occurs frequently in patient care situations and has specific meanings within the context of caring. However, the concept of physical touch in caring has not been well articulated in the literatures, although the phenomena of touch and physical touch have been studied in relation to comfort, sense of well-being and connectedness. DESIGN/METHOD: The Hybrid Model of concept development was applied to develop a conceptual structure of physical touch in caring, which included a field study carried out in Seoul, South Korea using in-depth interviews with 39 adult subjects consisting of health-care professionals, in-patients, and healthy persons. RESULTS/FINDINGS: The concept of physical touch in caring emerged as a complex phenomenon having meanings on several different dimensions which were encompassed several attributes and the conceptual structure of physical touch in caring centred around five aspects of goals for physical touch: promoting physical comfort, promoting emotional comfort, promoting mind-body comfort, performing social role, and sharing spirituality. CONCLUSIONS: Physical touch in caring as a concept having the dimensions of physical, emotional, social, and spiritual significance needs to be treated in a holistic way and it is possible to enrich the meanings and methods of physical touch in nursing so that its application may have effects that have positive impacts on patients' well-being and comfort.     

美兰血管造影在脊髓血管畸形杂交手术中的应用

目的：探讨脊髓血管畸形杂交手术中美兰血管造影的方法及效果。方法患者仰卧位穿刺股动脉、留置长鞘,保留长鞘尾端在体外的长度约20 cm ,并将其无菌包裹后固定在臀部外侧。然后患者改为俯卧位行后入路脊髓血管畸形切除,术中将造影管埋入供血动脉,分别使用碘造影剂和美兰进行脊髓血管造影。美兰造影过程中使用诱发电位监测脊髓功能。结果2013年7月～2015年9月完成脊髓血管畸形杂交手术中美兰血管造影46例,其中31例男性,15例女性;年龄13～65岁,平均35．6岁;髓内动静脉畸形30例,髓周动静脉瘘16例。其中38例（81．6％）病变完全切除,8例（18．4％）髓内动静脉畸形为保留脊髓功能次全切除病变。美兰造影过程中未见诱发电位改变。结论脊髓杂交手术中,美兰血管造影能够帮助术者辨别畸形血管团的结构,是一种简单、安全、有效的血管造影方法。     

A hybrid protein of the amino-terminal fragment of urokinase and mutant plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 efficiently inhibits tumor cell invasion and metastasis

The urokinase plasminogen activator(uPA) system plays important roles in tumor cell invasion and metastasis. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of ATF-PAI2CD, a hybrid protein of the amino-terminal fragment of urokinase and mutant plasminogen activator inhibitor-2, on 95D cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, our results support a current hypothesis that fusion protein blocks tumor invasion and motility by inhibiting localized pericellular proteolysis. Treatment of 95D cells with ATF-PAI2CD resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in tumor-cell invasion through matrigel, and ATF-PAI2CD was much more effective than PAI-2CD. In addition, extracellular regular protein kinase (ERK1/2) expression was downregulated and the adhesion ability to fibronectin was increased in 95D cells treated with the fusion protein, which was confirmed by cell adhesion assay. A high-concentration of ATF-PAI2CD caused a significant reduction in tumor volume and weight in BALB/c (nu/nu) mice female inoculated with human 95D cells (5×10⁶); the antitumor effects were significant, which demonstrated a 67.9±4.2% reduction in tumor growth compared with control mice. The number of lymphatic metastasis was significantly reduced in mice treated with high- and middle- concentrations of ATF-PAI2CD, whereas a low-concentration of ATF-PAI2CD failed to exhibit any antimetastatic effects. In conclusion, the results suggested that the hybrid protein has therapeutic potential for lung carcinoma and other tumors to inhibit tumor invasion and metastasis.     

Scoliosis in Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy: a changing trend in surgical management

A non-randomised retrospective study to compare the results of surgical correction of scoliosis in Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients using three different instrumentation systems—Sublaminar instrumentation system (Group A), a hybrid of sublaminar and pedicle screw systems (Group B) and pedicle screw system alone (Group C). Between 1993 and 2003, 43 patients with DMD underwent posterior spinal fusion and instrumentation. Group A (n = 19) had sublaminar instrumentation system, Group B (n = 13) had a hybrid construct and Group C (n = 11) was treated with pedicle system. The mean blood loss in Group A was 4.1 l, 3.2 l in Group B and 2.5 l in Group C. Average operating times in Group A, B and C were 300, 274 and 234 min, respectively. Mean pre-operative, post-operative and final Cobb angle in Group A was 50.05 ± 15.46°, 15.68 ± 11.23° and 21.57 ± 11.63°, Group B was 17.76 ± 8.50°, 3.61 ± 2.53° and 6.69 ± 4.19° and Group C was 25.81 ± 9.94°, 5.45 ± 3.88°, 8.90 ± 5.82°, respectively. Flexibility index or the potential correction calculated from bending radiographs were 60 ± 6.33, 70 ± 4.65 and 67 ± 6.79% for Group A, Group B and Group C respectively. The percentage correction achieved was 72.5 ± 14.5% in Group A, 82 ± 6% in Group B and 82 ± 8% in Group C. The difference between percentage correction achieved and the flexibility index was 12.45 ± 8.22, 12.05 ± 1.3 and 15.00 ± 1.21% in Group A, B and C, respectively The percentage loss of correction in Cobb angles at final follow-up in Group A, B and C was 12.5 ± 3.5, 16.5 ± 1. and 12.5 ± 2.5%, respectively. Complications seen in Group A were three cases of wound infection and two cases of implant failure; Group B had a single case of implant failure and Group C had one patient with wound infection and one case with a partial screw pull out. Early surgery and smaller curve corrections appears to be the current trend in the management of scoliosis in DMD. This has been possible due to early curve detection and surgery thus having the advantage of less post-operative respiratory complications and stay in paediatric intensive care. Also, early surgery avoids development of pelvic deformity and extension of instrumentation to the pelvis thereby reducing blood loss. This trend reflects the advent of newer and safer instrumentation systems, advanced techniques in anaesthesia and cord monitoring. Sublaminar instrumentation system group had increased operating times and blood loss compared to both the hybrid and pedicle screw instrumentation systems due to increased bleeding from epidural vessels and pelvic instrumentation. Overall, the three instrumentation constructs appear to provide and maintain an optimal degree of correction at medium to long term follow up but the advantages of lesser blood loss and surgical time without the need for pelvic fixation seem to swing the verdict in favour of the pedicle screw system.