Zum Einfluß von Operationszeitpunkt und Kliniksorganisation auf die postoperativen Komplikationen

Zusammenfassung Über ein Jahr wurden 1082 allgemeinchirurgische Planeingriffe prospektiv konsekutiv erfaßt und ihre Komplikationen mit einem Score bewertet. EinflußgröBen und die Komplikationsraten, die unter Umständen von der Kliniks-organisation abhängig sind, sollten analysiert werden. Es fand sich eine Beziehung zwischen Komplikationen und Wochentag, Operationsdauer sowie der Abweichung der tatsächlich benötigten von der geplanten Operationszeit. Mit höherer Auslastung der Operationssäle pro Arbeitstag stiegen die Komplikationsraten ebenfalls an.Keinen Einfluß auf die Komplikationsraten hatten Operationsbeginn und-monat sowie die monatliche Auslastung der Säle. Ob das Wetter einen Einfluß auf die Komplikationsraten nahm, konnte nicht entschieden werden: so fanden sich im Sommer- höhere Komplikationsraten als im Winterhalbjahr, jedoch war der Score von der Höhe der Außentemperatur und der Luftfeuchtigkeit unabhängig.

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The influence of time of operation and hospital organization on postoperative complication rates

Summary During a 1-year period 1082 general surgical interventions were prospectively documented and their complication rates evaluated by a score system. Factors responsible for the complication rates and possibly depending on hospital organization should be analysed. The complication rates were influenced by the selection of the weekday, the length of operation time and the extent of discrepancy between planned and required operation time. Furthermore, the complication rates paralleled the extent of utilization of the operation theatre during a workday. The complication rates werenot affected by the beginning of operation and the operation month as well as the monthly utilization of the operation theatres. Whether the weather did influence the complication rates could not be decided: higher complication rates were found in the summer as compared to the winter period, but the complication score was independent of the level of the outside temperature and humidity.

     

重症脑出血微创术后下呼吸道感染病原学分析

目的:重症脑出血微创术后气管切开病人痰培养病原菌分布与耐药情况分析,其院内感染发生的原因、探讨防治对策。方法:应用痰培养检出的病原菌及耐药性分析。结果:重症脑出血微创术后气管切开病人下呼吸道感染41例,其中G-杆菌26例占63.4%,G 球菌15例占36.6%,其中金葡菌11例,药敏仍以敏感菌株为主,但耐药菌株有增多趋势。结论:重症脑出血微创术后气管切开病人下呼吸道感染以G-杆菌为主,G 球菌以金葡菌为主,仍以敏感菌珠为主,耐药有增多趋势。万古霉素对G 球菌,氨曲南对G-杆菌敏感性较敏感,故在培养结果未出来之前经验用药是非常重要的。     

保留齿状线加皮桥重建闭合切口治疗环状混合痔32例疗效观察

目的探讨保留齿状线加皮桥重建闭合切口治疗环状混合痔的可行性及疗效。方法治疗组选用保留齿状线加皮桥重建闭合切口32例，与对照组采用传统外剥内扎治疗34例在术后疼痛、水肿、出血、痔残留等并发症及住院时间、愈合时间等方面进行比较。结果治疗组在术后疼痛、水肿、出血、痔残留等及住院时间、愈合时间等方面均优于对照组。结论保留齿状线加皮桥重建闭合切口治疗环状混合痔安全、有效、可行。     

选择性/超选择出入肝血管阻断后解剖性肝切除

目的探讨选择性/超选择性阻断出入肝血管后解剖性肝切除对肝脏疾病患者手术中失血量、术后肝功能、并发症、住院时间等相关因素的影响。方法选择/超选择出入肝血管阻断后解剖性肝切除66例,其中肝段切除22例、右半肝切除12例,左半肝切除6例,Ⅱ Ⅲ段肝切除19例,Ⅵ Ⅶ段肝切除5例,Ⅴ Ⅷ段肝切除2例。观察其对术中失血量、输血量、术后肝功能、术后并发症、术后住院时间等的影响。结果本组切除术中出血量(437±123)m l,所有病例手术中均未输血;术后患者肝功能损伤程度较轻,54例术后1周恢复至术前水平;无肝功能衰竭等相关并发症;术后平均住院时间13.1 d,无围手术期死亡。结论对于适应症明确的肝脏疾病,通过选择性或超选择性出入肝血流阻断后行肝脏解剖性切除可有效减少术中出血、降低术后相关并发症的发生。     

肺结核与肺癌并存25例的诊断及外科治疗

目的探讨肺结核与肺癌并存的临床特点、诊断及手术治疗方法。方法对25例肺结核并存肺癌患者的临床和实验室资料进行综合分析。结果患者多为老年，多有肺结核病史，有咳嗽、咯血、胸痛等表现。肺癌漏诊率高，手术治疗效果好。结论肺结核并存肺癌时，易发生漏诊，有条件时应手术治疗。     

Hip Arthroscopy Without a Perineal Post: A Safer Technique for Hip Distraction

Pudendal nerve palsy is a reported complication of hip arthroscopy. We report a technique using a deflated taped beanbag rather than a perineal post. The patient is placed in the supine or lateral position on a fracture table. The beanbag is contoured around the patient’s flank and thorax. The distal aspect of the beanbag is placed no further than the iliac crest, and care is taken to avoid compression of the posterior aspect of the axillary region or the posterior humerus. The molded beanbag is deflated, a blanket is positioned over the abdomen and lower thorax, and with the use of 3-in-wide cloth tape, the patient and beanbag are secured to the operative table circumferentially. The superior margin of the deflated beanbag remains firm, preventing compression of the thorax and avoiding compromised ventilation. The arm on the operative side is placed across the chest and secured to avoid obstruction of the operative field. This patient positioning provides sufficient stability for adequate traction and good visualization while minimizing the risk of a pudendal nerve palsy.     

Arthroscopic Chondral Cyst Excision in a Stiff Perthes’ Hip

Persistent hip stiffness in Perthes’ disease indicates a poor prognosis and is a therapeutic challenge. We report a case of a 13-year-old boy with a stiff Perthes’ hip that was nonresponsive to prolonged nonsurgical treatment. Imaging revealed Catterall group IV Perthes’ disease in an advanced reossification stage, with a focal defect in the weight-bearing area of the capital femoral epiphysis. A focal, compressible chondral elevation was detected on hip arthroscopy; on incision, flocculent fluid was released. After the cyst was excised, microfracture revascularization of the chondral defect was undertaken. Postoperatively, the patient had immediate pain relief, correction of deformity, and restoration of painless range of motion; this has continued for 4 years since surgery was performed. Persistence of an unhealed necrotic segment in Perthes’ disease has traditionally been associated with osteochondritis dissecans; however, in this case, the unhealed and nonossified segment produced an elevated painful chondral cyst that caused spasm and stiffness of the hip. Although 2 distinct types of chondral lesions have been described in Perthes’ disease, stiffness arising because of these lesions has not been reported. Patients with this unusual third type of chondral lesion of the capital femoral epiphysis, which causes persistent stiffness in Perthes’ hip, may be identified and successfully treated with the use of arthroscopic techniques.     

21例Mirrizzi综合征的诊断与治疗效果探讨

目的探讨Mirrizzi综合征的诊断与治疗效果。方法回顾性分析21例Mirrizzi综合征患者的临床资料,对其诊断及手术方式进行总结。结果按Csendes分型。Ⅰ型10例,Ⅱ型6例,Ⅲ型4例,Ⅳ型1例。21例行胆囊切除、瘘口修补或胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合术。结论Mirrizzi综合征术前诊断困难,选择不同的手术处理方式,可收到良好效果。