不同血液净化方式对维持性透析患者中分子毒素清除的研究

目的探讨不同血液净化方式对维持性血液透析患者中分子毒素清除的效果。方法采用前瞻性、随机、对照研究,60例维持性血液透析患者在每周3次的普通血液透析的基础上随机分为3组:透析组、血滤组和灌流组,每组各20例。透析组患者继续进行普通血液透析治疗;血滤组患者在普通血液透析的基础上接受每周1次的血液透析滤过治疗;灌流组在普通血液透析的基础上接受每周1次的血液灌流联合血液透析治疗。总疗程4周。以β2-微球蛋白作为中分子毒素的测定指标。采用放射免疫法测定患者试验前后血浆和透析废液中的β2-微球蛋白。结果 (1)治疗前三组患者基线临床资料(年龄、性别比、尿素清除指数、透析龄和血浆β2-微球蛋白水平)差异无统计学意义。(2)治疗后三组患者的血清肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)、白蛋白(Alb)及血红蛋白等水平差异均无统计学意义,且与治疗前相比,差异亦均无统计学意义。(3)4周后,透析组患者透析前血浆β2-微球蛋白与治疗前相比,差异无统计学意义;血滤组患者血浆β2-微球蛋白从(28.05±4.17)mg/L降至(16.57±3.64)mg/L,与治疗前相比差异具有统计学意义;灌流组患者血浆β2-微球蛋白从(28.43±3.64)mg/L降至(10.86±3.22)mg/L,与治疗前相比差异具有统计学意义。(4)4周后,灌流组患者血浆β2-微球蛋白水平明显低于血滤组和透析组。(5)血滤组患者透析液中β2-微球蛋白水平明显高于普通透析组和灌流组。结论血液灌流可能更有效地清除透析患者血液中的中分子毒素。     

高容量血液滤过对多器官功能障碍综合征患者呼吸力学和血流动力学的影响

目的 探讨高容量血液滤过对多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)患者呼吸力学和血流动力学的影响.方法 选择各种病因的MODS患者41例,按照信封法随机分为高容量血液滤过(HVHF)组21例和连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过(CVVH)组20例.观察两组治疗前及治疗24 h气道峰压(Ppeak)、肺动态顺应性(Cdyn)、心排血量(CO)、外周循环阻力(SVR)、肺循环阻力(PVR)和血气分析.结果 HVHF组治疗24 h,Ppeak、Cdyn、CO、PVR、SVR、氧合指数分别为(31.32±2.23)cm H2O(1 cm H2O=0.098 kPa)、(26.18±3.54)ml/cm H2O、(6.18±0.91)L/min、(194.95±11.51)dyn·s·cm-5、(1071.55±66.50)dyn·s·cm-5、(220.41±21.41)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),与治疗前的(42.00±3.34)cm H2O、(17.91±4.31)ml/cm H2O、(8.68±1.17)L/min、(267.27±16.29)dyn·s·cm-5、(805.32±18.82)dyn·s·cm-5、(119.41±17.10)mm Hg比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01),且与CVVH组治疗24 h比较差异亦有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 HVHF可明显改善MODS患者的呼吸力学和血流动力学指标.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of continuous high volume hemofiltration (HVHF)on respiratory mechanics and hemodynamics in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). MethodsForty-one adult patients with MODS who received mechanical ventilation were divided into HVHF group(21 cases) and continuous vein-vein hemofiltration (CVVH) group (20 cases) by envelople. The peak airway pressure (Ppeak), dynamic pulmonary compliance(Cdyn), cardiac output(CO ), systemic vascular resistance(SVR), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and blood gas analysis before treatment and 24 hours after treatment were measured. Results Twenty-four hours after treatment, the levels of Ppeak, Cdyn, CO, PVR,SVR and oxygenation index were (31.32 ±2.23) cm H2O (1 cm H2O =0.098 kPa), (26.18 ±3.54)(220.41 ±21.41) mm Hg (1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa) respectively in HVHF group,significantly higher than those before treatment [(42.00 ±3.34) cm H2O, (17.91 ±4.31) ml/cm H2O, (8.68 ±1.17) L/min,(267.27 ± 16.29) dyn·s·cm-5, (805.32 ± 18.82)dyn ·s·cm-5, ( 119.41 ± 17.10) mm Hg] (P ＜ 0.01 ),as well as higher than those in CVVH group after 24 hours' treatment (P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusion HVHF shows significant beneficial effects on respiratory mechanics and hemodynamics of MODS.     

组合式血液净化治疗脓毒症所致多脏器功能障碍综合征的临床研究

目的 探讨组合式血液净化对脓毒症所致多脏器功能障碍综合征(MODS)病人血清炎性因子、血流动力学及免疫功能的影响.方法 采用前瞻性随机对照的研究方法,选取2017年11月至2019年11月就诊于陆军军医大学第二附属医院的符合纳排标准的脓毒症所致MODS病人为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将病人分为对照组及观察组,两组拟纳入病人各40例.对照组给予病人连续性静脉-静脉滤过(CVVH)治疗,观察组病人采用组合式血液净化治疗:单纯CVVH,CVVH+血浆置换,CVVH+胆红素吸附(bilirubin adsorption,BS).收集病人入院时生命体征外周静脉血中的血清炎性因子水平及免疫功能指标,血流动力学指标,采用两独立样本t检验的统计方法比较两组间治疗前后上述指标变化情况.结果 治疗后观察组心率、MODS评分及急性生理学和慢性健康状况评价Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分低于对照组(P<0.05),平均动脉压(MAP)显著高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后观察组的白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平显著低于对照组[(502.53±12.21)ng/L比(523.67±14.28)ng/L、(75.60±8.21)ng/L比(80.45±6.38)ng/L、(257.10±8.24)ng/L比(286.33±6.12)ng/L](均P<0.05);治疗后观察组的胸腔内血容量指数(ITBVI)、血管外肺水指数(EVLWI)水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后观察组免疫球蛋白A(IgA)(1.85±0.41)g/L、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)(14.32±2.89)g/L、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)(1.45±0.33)g/L、CD4+(38.86±4.41)％及CD4+/CD8+(1.43±0.25)显著高于对照组(1.51±0.28)g/L、(8.91±2.50)g/L、(1.17±0.23)g/L、(36.08±4.06)％、(1.24±0.21)(P<0.05),CD8+(21.59±3.05)％显著低于对照组(24.69±3.13)％(P<0.05).结论 与单一CVVH相比,组合式血液净化清除脓毒症所致MODS病人炎性因子的能力更强,具有更好的稳定性,能更好地调节免疫功能指标.     

Outcome in post-traumatic acute renal failure when continuous renal replacement therapy is applied early vs. late

Objective: To determine whether the timing of initiation of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) affects outcome in patients with post-traumatic acute renal failure (ARF). Design: The medical records of patients treated with CRRT for post-traumatic ARF were retrospectively reviewed. Chi-square testing was used to test frequencies between groups, and Student's t -test was used to compare means. Setting: A Level I trauma center. Patients: 100 Adult trauma patients treated with CRRT for ARF from 1989 to 1997. Patients were characterized as “early” or “late” starters, based upon whether the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was less than or greater than 60 mg/dl, prior to CRRT initiation. Results: The mean BUN of the early and late starters was 42.6 and 94.5 mg/dl, respectively (p < 0.0001). CRRT was initiated earlier in the hospital course of early starters compared to late starters (hospital day 10.5 vs 19.4, p < 0.0001). Creatinine clearance prior to CRRT did not differ statistically between the two groups. No significant difference was found between early and late starters with respect to Injury Severity Score, admission Glasgow Coma Scale, presence of shock at admission, age, gender distribution, or trauma type. Admission laboratory values including BUN, serum creatinine, lactate, and bilirubin as well as fluid and blood requirements in the first 24 h were statistically the same for the two groups, suggesting a similar risk of developing renal failure. Survival rate was significantly increased among early starters compared to late starters (39.0 vs 20.0 %, respectively, p = 0.041). Conclusions: This retrospective review indicates that an earlier initiation of CRRT, based on pre-CRRT BUN, may improve the rate of survival of trauma patients who develop ARF. Received: 23 October 1998 Final revision received: 12 May 1999 Accepted: 20 May 1999     

血浆置换联合血液滤过治疗肝性脑病的辨证施护

血浆置换联合连续性血液滤过治疗重型肝炎,能全面清除蛋白结合毒素和水溶性毒素,补充凝血因子等生物活性物质,实现优势互补,并预防脑水肿及多脏器功能不全综合征的发生,为重型肝炎肝衰竭患者带来了更多的生存率或等待供体接受肝移植的机会。高质量的护理要求,熟练的操作能力,严格的无菌观念,丰富的临床经验,并能及时发现问题,采取有效措施防治并发症。     

高容量血液滤过对急重型弥散性脑肿胀治疗的临床研究

目的观察使用高容量血液滤过(血滤)对急重型弥散性脑肿胀治疗效果的临床研究。方法34例诊断为急重型弥散性脑肿胀、GCS评分为3~6分的病人被随机分成两组:治疗组(n=17)和对照组(n=17)。治疗组的病人入院后即给予高容量血液滤过治疗,置换液为3.0~4.0L/h,血流量为200~300m l/m in,时间为3~5d;对照组按普通常规治疗。两组病人均用血清神经元特异性烯醇酶连续监测1周,GCS在治疗后1、10、20d和GOS于3个月后进行检验、评估及统计。结果治疗组和对照组的血清NSE和GCS分别为(12.4±2.2)μg/L、(9.6±2.6)μg/L和(26.3±2.8)μg/L、(6.3±2.3)μg/L,两组有明显差异(P<0.01)。3个月后GOS评估,治疗组优于对照组,GOS 4~5级:治疗组7例(41.1%),对照组3例(17.7%);死亡:治疗组6例(35.3%),对照组9例(52.9%)。结论早期使用高容量血液滤过对急重型弥散性脑肿胀的治疗有明显疗效。     

血液滤过联合血液灌流治疗重症急性胰腺炎疗效观察

目的观察传统方法联合连续性血液净化(CBP)治疗重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)的疗效。方法 16例SAP患者在接受传统治疗的同时给予连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过(CVVH)联合血液灌流治疗。监测CBP前后患者症状、体征及血清生化指标变化,进行急性生理学及慢性健康状况评分(APACHEⅡ)、多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)评分,监测肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα-)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平。结果 CBP治疗后患者发热、心动过速、呼吸窘迫、腹痛、腹胀等症状明显缓解;血清胆红素、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、淀粉酶、尿素氮、肌酐、脂肪酶水平降低,酸中毒、低氧血症纠正,APACHEⅡ、MODS评分改善,血TNF-α、CRP水平下降(P<0.05)。16例患者中12例痊愈,存活率为75%。结论传统方法治疗SAP的同时行CBP,能有效救治临床并发症,保护器官功能,降低病死率,其机制可能与清除体内炎症介质有关。     

血浆置换联合血液滤过治疗急性肝衰竭16例效果观察

目的:探讨血浆置换(PE)联合血液滤过(HF)治疗各种原因引起的急性肝衰竭危重患者的效果。方法:将31例患者随机分为PE组15例与PE+HF组16例。观察并比较两组患者并发症情况、住院天数。结果:PE+HF组患者并发症发生率明显低于PE组(P<0.05),住院天数明显少于PE组(P<0.05)。结论:对于急性肝衰竭的危重患者,在其未并发肾衰竭前在行PE的基础上早期联合HF治疗可缩短其住院天数,减少并发症。     

高容量血液滤过治疗对感染性休克患者预后的荟萃分析

目的 评价高容量血液滤过(HVHF)及其治疗时机对感染性休克患者预后的影响.方法 通过计算机检索和手工检索全面收集国内外1999至2009年关于高容量血液滤过治疗感染性休克的随机对照试验(RCT)、病例对照研究及观察性前瞻性队列研究,按Cochrane协作网推荐的方法对HVHF治疗感染性休克的病死率作荟萃评价.结果 纳入4项对照性研究、5项前瞻性队列研究.4项对照性研究(3项RCT、1项病例对照研究)共167例感染性休克患者被纳入,包括HVHF组79例,传统剂量治疗组88例.HVHF组和传统剂量治疗组病死率分别为40.5%(32/79)和72.7%(64/88),与传统剂量治疗组比较,HVHF能降低感染性休克患者病死率[OR 0.33,(95%CI,0.17～0.64);P＜0.01].5项前瞻性队列研究共观察了 HVHF对170例感染性休克患者病死率的影响,荟萃分析显示HVHF能降低病死率[OR 0.31,(95%CI,0.19～0.49);P＜0.01],与对照研究结果一致.仅2项研究探讨了HVHF治疗时机对感染性休克病死率的影响,虽然这两项研究的早期HVHF治疗组病死率均低于晚期HVHF治疗组,但研究的异质性显著(P＜0.05),不宜作荟萃分析.结论 高容量血液滤过治疗可降低感染性休克患者的病死率,但是受研究方法的限制,有必要进行更多大样本、高质量的随机对照试验.     

Isolated limb infusion chemotherapy with or without hemofiltration for recurrent limb melanoma

AIM: To better define the efficacy and the safety of intra-arterial infusion performed with or without hemofiltration for recurrent limb melanoma.METHODS: Patients with the following characteristics were included in the study: recurrent limb melanoma not indicated for surgical resection, measurable disease in the extremity, > 18 years, performances status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group ) was 0-1 and life expectancy of at least 6 mo. Twenty nine consecutive patients were enrolled in the study. Patients underwent fluoroscopic placement of angiographic arterial and venous catheters to infuse the drug in the artery [isolated limb infusion (ILI)], and to stop the out flow (venous). Melphalan was rapidly infused into the isolated limb via the arterial catheter after the inflation of venous balloon catheter. Then the circulation of the limb was completely blocked with a pneumatic cuff at the root of the limb. Haemofiltration (HF) was available only in the main center, and was performed with an extracorporeal perfusion system, in order to reduce high systemic toxic peaks of drug.RESULTS: Thirty seven ILI were done in 29 cases (31 ILI-HF and 6 ILI) between 2001 and 2014 at Ancona and Pesaro Hospitals, Italy. Clinical outcomes were monitored 30 d after treatment. Eleven patients (38%) received infusion of melphalan alone, 7 (24%) melphalan associated to mitomicin C and 7 (24%) melphalan associated to cisplatin, the remaining 4 were treated with cisplatin, melphalan and epirubicin or cisplatin and mitomicin C. The overall response rate was 66%, in particular, 3 patients (10%) were complete responders and 16 (56%) were partial responders; whereas 7 patients (24%) had stable disease, and 3 (10%) showed progressive disease. Limb toxicity was assessed adopting Wieberdink scale, with evidence of 90% of low grade (I and II) toxicity.CONCLUSION: ILI-HF and ILI are effective and safe treatments for recurrent non-resectable limb melanoma. They present evidence of favorable clinical benefit and is effective in delaying progression.