Exercise handout and one-on-one hand therapy for management of stiffness after plaster cast immobilization of simple phalangeal and metacarpal fractures in children: A randomized,noninferiority trial

Study DesignThis is a noninferior, single-blind, randomized controlled trial.IntroductionJoint stiffness is common after plaster cast immobilization for simple phalanx and metacarpal fractures in children. The limited literature suggests this joint stiffness in children resolves without one-on-one therapy; however, without robust studies confirming that there is no detrimental effect from withdrawing treatment, many children are still referred.Purpose of the StudyThe purpose of this study was to determine if an educational handout for self-management of stiffness is noninferior to one-on-one hand therapy for achieving full range of motion (ROM).MethodsParticipants were randomly assigned to group one who received the handout or group two who received hand therapy in addition to the handout. The ROM was measured by composite flexion and total active motion (TAM). The noninferiority margin was 10% difference between the two groups in the proportion of participants who achieved full ROM at two weeks after cast removal.ResultsSixty participants in each group completed the study. Group difference for composite flexion was 1.7% (95% CI: −3.9% to 7.2%), demonstrating noninferiority. Group difference for TAM was inconclusive at 8.3% (95% CI: −2.1% to 18.7%). Sensitivity analysis adjusting for participants with full composite flexion at the baseline resulted in the group difference for composite flexion of 3.1% (95% CI: −3.6% to 9.8%), maintaining noninferiority, but group difference for TAM at 10.4% (95% CI: 0.0% to 20.9%), was inconclusive with the handout group significantly worse.ConclusionAn educational handout is noninferior to hand therapy for achieving full ROM in composite flexion but not TAM. This needs to be taken into consideration for changing clinical practise.     

Litigation related to casting in Orthopaedics—An analysis of claims against the National Health Service in England

Orthopaedic casts have been used to treat musculoskeletal conditions for hundreds of years and are still a fundamental component of treating a variety of disorders. As surgical techniques have advanced the frequency of use of orthopaedic casts has declined. With Orthopaedics being is one of the most litigious specialties in medicine we sough to evaluate how this related to casting in Orthopaedics and how we could learn from past mistakes.We analysed litigation claims related to Orthopaedic casts from 1995 to 2010 in which the claims were closed. 43 cases were related to orthopaedic casts. The total costs of these claims were over £2.3 million with an average total cost of £48,500 per claim. The most common cause for claim was harm caused when a cast was applied too tight and secondly from removing the cast. This is the first study to evaluate litigation claims related to Orthopaedic casts and highlights potential complications that if avoided will certainly improve the care of the patients and avoid unnecessary litigation.     

手法复位石膏外固定联合盘龙七片治疗A3型桡骨远端骨折的早期疗效

目的探讨手法复位石膏外固定术联合口服盘龙七片治疗A3型桡骨远端骨折的早期疗效,为临床治疗提供参考。方法选取2018年6月至2020年1月于邳州医院治疗的A3型桡骨远端骨折患者100例,随机分为对照组(手法复位石膏外固定术,50例)和研究组(手法复位石膏外固定术联合口服盘龙七片,50例)。比较两组患者治疗前和治疗7 d血清IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α水平及治疗后4周Gartland-Werley腕关节评分,评价两组患者早期临床治疗效果。结果经过7 d治疗后,两组血清IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α水平均低于治疗前,且研究组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。研究组患者拆除石膏后Gartland-Werley腕关节评分优良率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(82.0%vs 48.0%,χ²=12.703,P<0.01)。结论手法复位石膏外固定术联合口服盘龙七片治疗A3型桡骨远端骨折,较之单纯手法复位石膏外固定能有效降低骨折炎性反应,缓解疼痛、肿胀。     

双侧唇腭裂新生儿数字化模型与硬石膏模型的比较

目的： 比较双侧唇腭裂新生儿口内扫描数字化模型和硅橡胶制取灌注的超硬石膏模型的可靠性和稳定性。方法： 收集19例双侧唇腭裂新生儿病例,分别制取口内扫描数字化模型和硅橡胶取模超硬石膏灌注模型,对上颌牙槽骨长度、上颌牙槽骨宽度、腭裂宽度及上颌中线偏斜量等指标进行测量。采用SPSS 24.0软件包对测量结果进行统计学分析。结果： 2种方法上颌牙槽骨长度、上颌牙槽骨宽度、腭裂宽度及上颌中线偏斜量3次测量间均无统计学差异（P>0.05）,2种方法的测量值无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论： 双侧唇腭裂新生儿口内扫描获取的数字化模型与硅橡胶取模超硬石膏灌注获取的石膏模型各测量项目之间无显著差异。口内数字化扫描操作过程简便,可以提高诊疗效率,新生儿承受痛苦少,风险小,可广泛用于唇腭裂患儿的研究、诊断分析及临床治疗。     

基于血浆代谢组学的蒙药三臣小儿退热贴膏解热作用机制研究

目的基于血浆代谢组学探究蒙药三臣小儿退热贴膏的解热作用及其机制。方法 SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、阿司匹林(100mg/kg)组以及三臣小儿退热贴膏高、中、低剂量(16、8、4mg/kg)组和空白基质贴膏组,模型组和各给药组采用干酵母法建立发热模型,造模后第4、7小时各给药组给予相应药物进行干预,造模后每小时测量1次大鼠体温。采集造模后10 h大鼠血浆,采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(UPLC-QE-MS)法并结合多元统计分析,检测各组大鼠血浆代谢相关生物标志物的变化。结果造模4h后模型组大鼠体温显著升高(P0.01),造模后5h三臣小儿退热贴膏组大鼠体温显著降低(P0.01),呈剂量相关性。基于代谢组学发现模型组大鼠血浆中7种潜在的生物标志物发生明显变化,分别为酮亮氨酸、鞘磷脂[d17∶1/24∶1(15Z)]、鞘磷脂[d18∶1/24∶1(15Z)]、鞘磷脂[d18∶1/18∶1(9Z)]、磷脂酰胆碱(16∶0/14∶0)、磷脂酰胆碱(18∶0/15∶0)、磷脂酰胆碱(16∶0/16∶0);三臣小儿退热贴膏组大鼠血浆中上述7种生物标志物含量均显著回调,且牛磺酸和异柠檬酸含量升高。代谢通路分析显示,三臣小儿退热贴膏能够影响牛磺酸和亚牛磺酸代谢、乙醛酸和二元酸代谢、柠檬酸循环、氨基酸代谢、初级胆汁酸生物合成、α-亚麻酸代谢、烟酸和烟酰胺代谢、鞘脂代谢等多种代谢通路。结论三臣小儿退热贴膏对干酵母致发热大鼠模型具有较好的解热作用,其药效与阿司匹林相当,其解热机制与酶抑制、脂肪代谢、氨基酸及能量代谢等多通路协同作用有关。     

Exothermic properties of plaster–synthetic composite casts

Purpose

Plaster casts can cause burns. Synthetic casts do not. Composite plaster–synthetic casts have not been thoroughly evaluated. This study analyzed the temperature from plaster casts compared with composite casts in a variety of in vitro conditions that would simulate clinical practice.

Methods

A Pyrex cylinder filled with constant body temperature circulating water simulated a human extremity. Circumferential casts, of either plaster or composite construction (plaster inner layer with outer synthetic layer), were applied to the model. Peak temperatures generated by the exothermic reactions were studied relative to the following variables: dip water temperature (24 °C versus 40 °C), cast thickness (16, 30, and 34 ply), and delayed (5-min) versus immediate application of the synthetic outer layers. Peak temperatures from the all-plaster casts were compared with the composite casts of the same thickness. Finally, the relative cast strength was determined.

Results

Potentially dangerous high temperatures were measured only when 40 °C dip water was used or when thick (30- or 34-ply) casts were made. Cast strength increased with increasing cast thickness. However, the presence of synthetics in the composite casts layers did not increase cast strength in every case.

Conclusion

When applying composite casts, the outer synthetic layers should be applied several minutes after the plaster to minimize temperature rise. Composite casts do not routinely generate peak temperatures higher than plaster casts of similar thickness. Because the skin of children and the elderly is more temperature-sensitive than average adult skin, extra care should be taken to limit the exothermic reaction when casting children and the elderly: clean, room temperature dip water, minimal required cast thickness, avoidance of insulating pillows/blankets while the cast is drying.     

平喘止咳贴辅助治疗婴幼儿喘型肺炎60例临床观察

目的观察经皮穴位给药联合西药治疗婴幼儿喘型肺炎的疗效。方法120例喘型肺炎随机分为对照组60例和治疗组60例,对照组相应给予抗病毒、抗菌及对症治疗;治疗组在此基础上,采用贵州康琦公司提供的平喘止咳贴(苗药巴布剂)经皮穴位敷贴。结果治疗组在平均退热时间、干啰音消失时间、湿啰音消失时间、临床症状全部消失时间、住院时间方面与对照组比较,差异有高度统计意义(P<0.01)。治疗组总有效率也优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论中药穴位外敷对婴幼儿喘型肺炎有较好的疗效。     

远红外消喘康贴防治哮喘作用观察

目的：观察远红外消喘康贴穴位贴敷疗法防治支气管哮喘的临床疗效。方法：将366例支气管哮喘患者随机分为治疗组185例和对照组181例，治疗组使用远红外消喘康贴治疗，对照组使用传统“三伏灸”药物外贴，治疗前后分别测定肺功能（FEV1、PEF）和观察主要症状与体征的变化情况。结果：两组疗法均能有效改善肺功能并控制症状，减少哮喘发作，治疗组和对照组在疗效之间差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）。结论：远红外消喘康贴防治支气管哮喘，疗效与传统三伏灸疗法无明显差异，可以替代传统三伏灸疗法。     

外敷金黄膏结合常规治疗湿热瘀阻型类风湿关节炎临床观察

观察金黄膏外敷结合常规治疗湿热瘀阻型类风湿关节炎临床疗效。治疗组31例给予外敷金黄膏配合常规治疗,对照组30例给予常规治疗,疗程均为4周。治疗组治疗后关节疼痛、肿胀、局部温度、晨僵等临床症状均有明显好转,疗效优于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。     

复方赤地利洗剂合二黄膏治疗重症婴儿湿疹21例

目的观察复方赤地利洗剂合二黄膏治疗重症婴儿湿疹的疗效。方法采用自拟复方赤地利洗剂合二黄膏治疗重症婴儿湿疹21例，并统计疗效。结果临床治愈率为80％，好转率为20％，总有效率为100％。结论复方赤地利洗剂合二黄膏治疗重症婴儿湿疹疗效满意。