敦煌石室大宝胶囊对衰老大鼠血清MDA含量、SOD和脑组织GSH-Px活性的影响

目的通过敦煌石室大宝胶囊对衰老大鼠血清MDA含量、SOD和脑组织GSH-Px活性的影响,探讨敦煌石室大宝胶囊延缓衰老的作用机理。方法采用D-半乳糖颈后皮下注射的方法,造成亚急性衰老动物模型。将60只大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、脑复康组、中药大宝(大、中、小)剂量组,分别对各组大鼠血清MDA含量、SOD和脑组织GSH-Px活性进行检测。结果与模型组比较,敦煌石室大宝胶囊可显著升高SOD、GSH-Px活性(P<0·05),显著降低MDA含量(P<0·01)。结论敦煌石室大宝胶囊具有提高机体抗氧化能力和清除自由基能力。     

干烧黄芪鱼对衰老小鼠SOD、GSH-Px、NO和NOS的影响

目的研究药膳干烧黄芪鱼对造模衰老小鼠SOD、GSH-Px、NO和NOS的影响,并探讨药膳保健的可能性。方法用干烧黄芪鱼掺和到饲料中饲养实验性衰老小鼠40 d,测定小鼠脑、肾超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、小鼠肝谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力,小鼠睾丸、脑中一氧化氮(NO)含量和睾丸、血清中一氧化氮合成酶(NOS)活力。结果干烧黄芪鱼低、中剂量组肾SOD活力与实验对照组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05),高剂量组与实验对照组比较有极显著性差异(P<0.01)。干烧黄芪鱼高剂量组肝GSH-Px活力与实验对照组比较有十分显著性差异(P<0.01)。干烧黄芪鱼低、中剂量组睾丸NO含量与实验对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。干烧黄芪鱼低剂量组睾丸NOS活力与实验对照组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论药膳干烧黄芪鱼具有一定的抗氧化作用,并对雄性衰老小鼠生殖系统NO含量及NOS活力有一定影响;以药膳的形式能够达到保健作用。      

Effects of enoxaparin in the rat hippocampus following traumatic brain injury

Purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of low molecular weight heparin, enoxaparin, on different parameters of the hippocampal damage following traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the rat. TBI of moderate severity was performed over the left parietal cortex using the lateral fluid percussion brain injury model. Animals were s.c. injected with either enoxaparin (1 mg/kg) or vehicle 1, 7, 13, 19, 25, 31, 37, and 43 h after the TBI induction. Sham-operated, vehicle-treated animals were used as the control group. Rats were sacrificed 48 h after the induction of TBI. Hippocampi were processed for spectrophotometric measurements of the products of oxidative lipid damage, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) levels, as well as the activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Moreover, the Western blotting analyses of the oxidized protein levels, expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), pro- and mature-interleukin-1β (pro-, and mature-IL-1β), and active caspase-3 were performed. COX-2 expressions were also explored by using immunohistochemistry. Glial fibrillary acidic protein immunochistochemistry was performed with the aim to assess the level of astrocytic activity. Fluoro-Jade B staining was used to identify the level and extent of hippocampal neuronal injury. TBI caused statistically significant increases of the hippocampal TBARS and oxidized protein levels as well as COX-2, pro-IL-1β, and active caspase-3 overexpressions, but it did not significantly affect the SOD and GSH-Px activities, the iNOS, and mature-IL-1β expression levels. TBI also induced hippocampal reactive astrocytosis and neurodegeneration. Enoxaparin significantly decreased the hippocampal TBARS and oxidized protein levels, COX-2 overexpression and reactive gliosis, but it did not influence the SOD and GSH-Px activities, pro-IL-1β and active caspase-3 overexpressions as well as neurodegeneration following TBI. These findings demonstrate that enoxaparin may reduce oxidative damage, inflammation and astrocytosis following TBI in the rat and could be a candidate drug for neuroprotective treatment of this injury.     

Acute and chronic effects of electroconvulsive treatment on oxidative parameters in schizophrenia patients

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment alternative for schizophrenia. Previous studies have already indicated the possible effects of oxidative stress in this disorder. However, there have been no previous studies evaluating the effects of ECT on the oxidative stress in these patients. We therefore aimed to investigate the acute and chronic effects of ECT on serum levels of oxidant and antioxidant molecules in schizophrenia patients (n = 28). The serum MDA and CAT levels of the patients with schizophrenia were higher than that of the controls before ECT (n = 20) but there was no significant difference in the serum NO and GSH levels of the patient groups compared to the controls. We found that the NO levels of the patients were higher than the controls in the group experiencing their first episode but not in the chronic group. There was a significant clinical improvement in the patients in terms of BPRS, SANS and SAPS reduction after the 9th ECT, but not the 1st ECT. Serum MDA levels were significantly reduced compared to the baseline after the 9th ECT session although there was no significant difference after the 1st session. Separate evaluation of the patient groups revealed that the significant MDA decrease following ECT was in the patients experiencing their first episode and not in the chronic group. No significant difference was noted in the serum levels of other oxidant and antioxidant molecules after either the 1st or 9th ECT session. These results suggest that ECT does not produce any negative effect on oxidative stress in patients with schizophrenia.     

Cardioprotective effects of saponins from Panax japonicus on acute myocardial ischemia against oxidative stress-triggered damage and cardiac cell death in rats

Aim

To study the cardioprotective effects of saponins from Panax japonicus (SPJ) on acute myocardial ischemia injury rats induced by ligating of the left anterior descending branch (LAD), on the basis of this investigation, the possible mechanism of SPJ was elucidated.

Materials and methods

SPJ was identified by high performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detection. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (200–220 g) were randomly divided into four groups: sham-operated, LAD, LAD + l-SPJ (SPJ, 50 mg/kg/day, orally) and LAD + h-SPJ (SPJ, 100 mg/kg/day, orally). Before operation, the foregoing groups were pretreated with homologous drug once a day for 7 days, respectively. After twelve hours in LAD, the cardioprotective effects of SPJ were evaluated by infarct size, biochemical values, hemodynamic, and histopathological observations and the antioxidative and antiapoptotic relative gene expressions.

Results

SPJ significantly improved heart function and decreased infarct size; remarkably decreased levels of serum lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, xanthine oxide and malondialdehyde content, increased contents of serum total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase, catalase; quantitative real-time PCR results showed that SPJ might markedly reverse the down-regulated mRNA expressions of the SOD1, SOD2 and SOD3, ameliorate the increased Bax and caspase-3 mRNA expressions and decreased Bcl-2 mRNA expression and ratios of Bcl-2 to Bax. Histopathological observations provided supportive evidence for biochemical analyses, and with the dose of SPJ increasing, the aforesaid improvement became more and more strong.

Conclusions

The studies demonstrated that in ischemic myocardium, oxidative stress caused the overgeneration and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which was central of cardiac ischemic injury. SPJ exerted beneficially cardioprotective effects on myocardial ischemia injury rats, mainly scavenging oxidative stress-triggered overgeneration and accumulation of ROS, alleviating myocardial ischemia injury and cardiac cell death.     

茵芩清肝汤对酒精性肝病大鼠血清NO,GSH-Px的影响

目的:研究茵芩清肝汤对酒精性肝病大鼠血清一氧化氮(N0)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的影响.方法:按每天8～12 mL·kg-1ig 52度白酒(随时间延长而递增,第1周为8 mL·kg-1,第2周10 mL-kg-1,第3周起12 mL·kg-1,以后继续维持此量,直至实验结束)配合高脂肪饲料喂养,造成大鼠酒精性肝病模型.随机分为模型组、正常组、茵芩清肝汤(20 9·kg-1 ig)组,硫普罗宁(5 mg· kg-1ig)组、水飞蓟宾(5 mg·kg-1ig)组进行比较.每组30只,分别于实验第4周、第8周、第12周每组各取大鼠10只,称重后以乙醚麻醉动物,迅速断头取血,按常规方法分离血清,测量NO,GSH-Px含量.结果:模型组大鼠血清NO各阶段水平较正常组(15.36±7.2) μmol· L-1明显升高(P＜0.01),第12周达到(40.8±7.5)μmol· L-(P ＜0.01),GSH-Px各阶段水平较正常组(146.3±51.9) U·mg-1明显降低(P＜0.01),第12周达到(86.4±6.4) U·mg-1 (P ＜0.01).各治疗组大鼠血清NO各阶段水平较模型组均降低(P＜0.05),菌芩清肝汤组第12周达到(31.12±4.7)μmol·L-1(P ＜0.01);GSH-Px水平(107.7±31.1) U·mg-1较模型组均明显升高(P＜0.01).结论:茵芩清肝汤可降低血清NO含量、提高GSH-Px活性,抑制脂质过氧化反应,这可能是它防治酒精性肝病的机制之一.     

桃仁提取物对痴呆模型小鼠脑组织SOD, GSH-Px活性和MDA含量的影响

目的:研究桃仁乙醇提取物对三氯化铝(AlCl3)致痴呆模型小鼠脑组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响.方法:采用ig给小鼠AlCl3的方法复制痴呆模型.按小鼠体重随机分为正常组、模型组、桃仁乙醇提取物高、中、低剂量(2.4,1.2,0.6 g·kg-1)组,每组10只.造模同时开始给药,连续灌胃40 d后处死小鼠,取脑组织,检测脑组织SOD,GSH-Px和MDA的含量.结果:与正常组比较,模型组可以显著降低小鼠脑组织SOD,GSH-Px活性,显著增加MDA含量;与模型组比较,桃仁乙醇提取物组可以显著增加小鼠脑组织SOD,GSH-Px活性,显著降低MDA含量(P ＜0.01,P＜0.05).结论:桃仁乙醇提取物具有清除氧自由基和抗氧化功能,桃仁乙醇提取物可能通过提高SOD,GSH-Px活性,降低MDA含量来改善痴呆.     

银杏叶提取物对高胆固醇家兔模型过氧化损伤的影响

目的观察银杏叶提取物(EGB761)对高胆固醇家兔模型血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、丙二醛(MDA)水平的影响。方法参照D.Larry Sparks等的方法,复制高胆固醇血症家兔模型,利用50 mg/(kg.d)EGB761灌胃3周后,检测血清SOD、MDA、GSH-Px水平。结果模型组家兔血清SOD、MDA和GSH-Px水平均明显升高,与对照组相比差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与模型组相比,EGB761组血清SOD、GSH-Px、MDA水平均明显下降,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);与对照组相比,EGB761组血清MDA水平与GSH-Px水平均明显升高(P<0.05);SOD水平呈下降趋势,但差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论高胆固醇血症家兔模型体内存在明显的过氧化损伤,EGB761对高胆固醇血症引起的过氧化损伤具有一定的保护作用。     

康泰仙对小鼠肝脑组织SOD、GSH-Px、CAT、MDA影响的实验研究

目的通过测定小鼠肝脑组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量来研究康泰仙(KOTAIS)对小鼠抗衰老的作用。方法采用D-半乳糖制作的衰老模型,将小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、药物低、中、高剂量组。连续给药灌胃60d后,检测肝脑组织中的SOD、GSH-Px、CAT、MDA指标。结果各剂量组能提高小鼠肝组织中SOD、GSH-Px、CAT的活性,并能降MDA的含量,以低、中剂量组尤其明显。结论康泰仙(KOTAIS)具有较好的消除自由基、抗衰老的作用。     

葡萄籽提取物抗氧化作用人体实验研究

目的研究葡萄籽提取物原花青素对人体丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的影响情况。方法选择年龄45~65岁的受试者120名,分为试食组和对照组。试食组每人每天2粒服用受试样品,连续3个月,对照组按同法给予安慰剂。比较实验前后受试者的MDA、SOD、GSH-PX改善情况。结果试食组血清中MDA平均下降4.80%;SOD平均升高2.31%;GSH-PX平均升高2.45%,;试食组自身实验前后比较及与对照组组间比较差异均有统计学意义(均P0.01)。结论在研究剂量范围内可见葡萄籽提取物原花青素具有抗氧化功能。