大鼠肝脏Kupffer细胞的分离、纯化

目的建立简单、有效而稳定的大鼠肝脏Kupffer细胞分离、纯化的实验方法。方法①大鼠肝脏的胶原酶离体灌注；②Percoll液不连续梯度离心分离Kupffer细胞；③选择性贴壁纯化Kupffer细胞；④吞噬墨汁实验、DAB染色，光镜、电镜下观察鉴定Kupffer细胞。结果最终获得的大鼠肝脏Kupffer细胞活性〉90％，纯度为95％，光镜下Kupffer细胞具有较强的贴壁及吞噬碳粒能力，DAB染色呈黄色煎蛋样结构；新分离的Kupffer细胞呈圆形，形态大小一致；2d后，细胞发生伸展，呈多角形或星形。电镜下观察可见典型特点：有伪足及杯口状改变，有丰富的溶酶体和吞噬体。结论本实验建立的大鼠肝脏Kupffer细胞的分离培养方法效果稳定，同时培养的细胞具有良好的生物学性状。     

增强抗原呈递功能的树突状细胞疫苗

树突状细胞（DC）疫苗的研究已成为当前肿瘤免疫治疗的一大热点。随着对DC的不断认识，其强大的功能可塑性为发展增强其抗原呈递功能的DC疫苗提供了新思路，现就DC疫苗增强其抗原呈递功能的种种途径进行综述。     

Following Anti-CD25 Treatment, A Functional CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T-Cell Pool Is Present in Renal Transplant Recipients

Daclizumab, a humanized antibody directed against the alpha-chain of the interleukin-2 receptor (CD25), has shown efficacy in the prevention of acute rejection following organ transplantation. However, anti-CD25 therapy can be expected to affect not only alloreactive effector T cells, but also CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells that are shown to play an important role in the induction of transplantation tolerance. Therefore, the size and function of the Treg pool in human renal allograft recipients after single-dose daclizumab administration was investigated in this study. Approximately 8 weeks after administration, daclizumab was cleared from the circulation and the Treg population then present appeared not different from that observed before transplantation. Functional analysis revealed that the Treg possessed a normal capacity to suppress mixed lymphocyte reactions in vitro. These data indicate that after daclizumab therapy a Treg population, normal in number and function, is present in the peripheral blood of renal transplant recipients.     

神经干细胞-脑源性神经营养因子基因工程细胞移植对大鼠缺血性脑损伤的治疗作用

目的 将脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)基因转入大鼠海马原代培养的神经干细胞(NSCs)中,获得NSCs-BDNF基因工程干细胞并移植治疗大鼠缺血性脑损伤.方法 分离培养新生大鼠海马区NSCs,检测其增殖、分化等特性;构建逆转录病毒载体pLXSN-BDNF,转染NSCs,获得NSCs-BDNF基因工程干细胞,检测其BDNF的表达和活性;建立大鼠大脑中动脉局灶性脑缺血模型,通过立体定向技术将NSCs-BDNF移植入模型缺血侧海马,进行组织学和行为学检测.结果 NSCs-BDNF移植后可以观察到动物行为学的改善,术后4周Longa评分1.343±0.293,脑切片可以观察到海马齿状回神经元数目的增加,术后4周存活率87.5%±6.6%,较对照有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 NSCs-BDNF移植对实验性大鼠缺血性脑损伤有修复作用.     

Propriospinal myoclonus: utility of magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging and fiber tracking.

Propriospinal myoclonus (PSM) is a rare movement disorder characterized by involuntary spinal-generated muscular jerks that spread rostrally and caudally to other spinally innervated muscles. Most patients have no clear etiology, and conventional MRI of the spinal cord is generally normal. Here we report the use of magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and fiber tracking to detect tract-specific abnormalities in a patient with propriospinal myoclonus. As the patient had the fragile-X premutation and antithyroid antibodies, spinal cord DTI abnormalities may be related to these conditions. Tract-specific analysis may provide new insights into the pathophysiology of propriospinal myoclonus.     

庆大霉素损伤后豚鼠前庭上皮STAT3mRNA的表达变化及意义

目的：观察庆大霉素损伤后豚鼠前庭上皮修复期细胞增殖和STAT3 mRNA的表达变化情况，探讨其生物学特性和意义。方法：采用原位杂交组织化学方法，检测庆大霉素损伤后豚鼠前庭上皮STAT3 mRNA的表达变化；采用Brdu体内标记和抗Brdu抗体免疫组化染色，检测庆大霉素损伤后豚鼠前庭上皮修复期细胞增殖情况。结果：在正常成年豚鼠前庭上皮中，STAT3 mRNA有低水平表达。庆大霉素损伤后1d组，STAT3 mRNA杂交信号最强，其后逐渐减少，21d组与正常对照组无显著差异。在正常对照组前庭上皮中无Brdu阳性细胞。各实验组均观察到Brdu阳性细胞，7d组最多。结论：庆大霉素损伤后，豚鼠前庭上皮钉AT3 mRNA表达增强，其时程变化与细胞增殖活动密切相关。STAT3在豚鼠前庭上皮损伤后的自发修复中可能起重要信号转导作用。     

肺鳞状细胞癌81例临床分析

目的 分析81例肺鳞状细胞癌（鳞癌）临床特征，提高早期诊治率。方法 回顾性分析81例肺鳞癌诊断、手术、治疗及随访资料。结果 患者平均年龄62岁，男：女为2．2：1，有吸烟史76例（93．8％），平均26年，全组均有呼吸道症状，合并全身症状14．8％（12例）。确诊时间2～7个月。手术切除病肺63例（77．8％），术后放、化疗。未能切除18例中10例放、化疗。随访中位数5年以上。80例得到随访，1、3、5年生存率为90％（72例）、65％（52例）、47．5％（38例）。结论 肺鳞癌以老年男性多见，易误诊，手术切除率低，早期手术5年生存率高。     

Diffusion-weighted imaging in brain aspergillosis

Brain aspergillosis is a rare pathology, occurring mainly in immunocompromised patients, responsible for multiple cerebral septic infarctions. Some researchers have described magnetic resonance (MR) findings in cerebral invasive aspergillosis, but diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has rarely been reported, especially in typical non-enhancing lesions, while it may be helpful for early differential diagnosis and may allow earlier antifungal treatment. We describe three cases of patients presenting brain aspergillosis, with MR imaging including diffusion-weighted sequences and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) cartography. The three patients described in this study presented a total of 23 circular lesions, and one patient presented an infarction area in the territory of the right middle cerebral artery. Lesions were ring-enhancing for one patient, and presented no enhancement for the other two. Eleven lesions were very bright on DWI, with reduced ADC values. Twelve lesions, either enhancing or not enhancing, presented a 'target-like' aspect with central and peripheral hypointense areas on DWI, corresponding to higher ADC value areas, and intermediate marked hypersignal on DWI. This typical aspect of aspergillosis lesions on DWI may allow early diagnosis and treatment of cerebral aspergillosis, and is helpful for differentiating aspergillosis lesions from other infectious or malignant lesions affecting immunocompromised patients.     

The expression of somatostatin receptors 1 and 2 in benign,pre‐malignant and malignant laryngeal lesions

The expression of somatostatin receptors 1 and 2 in benign, pre‐malignant and malignant laryngeal lesions The role of chemotherapy in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx has not been clearly defined. Whilst toxic chemotherapy regimes may confer a marginal improvement in survival, surgery and radiotherapy remain the mainstay of treatment. Somatostatin is a naturally occurring peptide, which exerts antiproliferative and antiangiogenic effects via five membrane‐bound receptor subtypes. The expression of somatostatin receptor subtypes (SSTRs) 1 and 2 was studied in benign, pre‐malignant and malignant laryngeal specimens. Epithelial expression of SSTR1 was detected in 4/6 (67%) Reinke's oedema, 5/6 (83%) pre‐malignant and 8/12 (67%) malignant specimens, with virtually no stromal or vascular expression. High levels of epithelial SSTR2 expression were noted in all Reinke's oedema specimens, compared with low‐to‐moderate levels in only 2/6 (33%) pre‐malignant and 3/12 (25%) malignant specimens (P < 0.01). This ‘loss’ of epithelial SSTR2 expression may provide a growth advantage in pre‐malignant and malignant laryngeal lesions. Vascular expression of SSTR2 was ubiquitous in all groups, with scant stromal expression. Overall, most (>80%) pre‐malignant and malignant laryngeal specimens expressed at least one of the two SSTR subtypes studied. Somatostatin analogues may have a therapeutic role in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx.     

Electrochemical investigation of formic acid electro-oxidation and its crossover through a Nafion® membrane

This work studies formic acid as an anode fuel for polymer electrolyte fuel cells and investigates the electro-oxidation of formic acid on Pt/C. Fuel crossovers through the Nafion^® 115 membrane at different temperatures and concentrations are reported. A linear dependence of the crossover current on the temperature and concentration is obtained. It is found that the crossover can be reduced by five times and a higher performance can be rendered by formic acid when compared to methanol under the same conditions. Electrochemical impedance measurements are conducted to interpret the reaction mechanism of formic acid oxidation. The effect of the electrode potential on the impedance pattern is revealed and an impedance model incorporating the reaction kinetics information is developed to simulate the experimental impedance response.