肝硬化患者血清一氧化氮水平测定及其临床意义

目的：了解肝硬化患者血清一氧化氮（NO）水平的变化,并探讨其临床意义。方法：采用分光光度法检测64例肝硬化患者及30例正常人血清NO水平。结果：肝硬化患者血清NO水平显著升高（P＜0．01）,而且其升高水平在失代偿、有腹水、肝功能分级差,伴有并发症的患者较代偿、无腹水、肝功能分级好,不伴有并发症的患者明显（0．01＜P＜0．05）。结论：肝硬化患者血清NO水平升高,可能与疾病活动情况、腹水形成、肝功损害,并发症发生及预后等有关。     

紫外光谱法测定利巴韦利葡萄糖注射液中利巴韦林的含量

目的建立利巴韦林葡萄糖注射液中利巴韦林的快速测定方法.方法用紫外分光光度法直接测定利巴韦林葡萄糖注射液中利巴韦林的含量.结果在207 nm处,以水为溶媒,利巴韦林葡萄糖注射液中利巴韦林浓度在3～15μg/ml,与其相应的吸收度呈良好的线性关系(n=5;r=0.999 9),样品平均回收率为101.4%±0.53%.结论该法简便快速、准确可靠,适合药房快速分析.     

毛细管区带电泳测定尿17-羟皮质类固醇

目的 :应用高效毛细管区带电泳 (CZE)技术分离和检测人尿内 1 7-羟类皮质类固醇 (1 7-OHCS) ,以解决微色谱柱 -分光光度测定尿 1 7-OHCS时 ,多酚类化合物对测定的干扰。方法 :标本用活性高岭土吸附尿内色素 ,以茶碱作内标 ,中性苯乙烯 -二乙烯苯树脂微色谱柱吸附尿中 1 7-OHCS。乙醇解吸附 ,采用毛细管区带电泳进一步分离并测定。结果 :运用CZE法分离了人尿 1 7-OHCS ,皮质醇浓度在 2～ 5 0mg .L- 1 范围内具有良好的线性关系 (r=0 .994) ,方法平均回收率 96 .1 7% ,日内及日间CV均小于 5 % ,最低检测限度为 0 .3mg .L- 1 。结论 :与微色谱柱 -分光光度法相比 ,CZE法检测尿内 1 7-OHCS无干扰 ,方法简便、快速、可靠。     

A DROP-IN Gamma Probe for Robot-assisted Radioguided Surgery of Lymph Nodes During Radical Prostatectomy

BackgroundThe DROP-IN gamma probe was introduced to overcome the restricted manoeuvrability of traditional laparoscopic gamma probes. Through enhanced manoeuvrability and surgical autonomy, the DROP-IN promotes the implementation of radioguided surgery in the robotic setting.ObjectiveTo confirm the utility and safety profile of the DROP-IN gamma probe and to perform a comparison with the traditional laparoscopic gamma probe and fluorescence guidance.Design, setting, and participantsTwenty-five prostate cancer patients were scheduled for a robot-assisted sentinel lymph node (SN) procedure, extended pelvic lymph node dissection, and prostatectomy at a single European centre.Surgical procedureAfter intraprostatic injection of indocyanine green (ICG)-^99mTc-nanocolloid (n = 12) or ^99mTc-nanocolloid + ICG (n = 13), SN locations were defined using preoperative imaging. Surgical excision of SNs was performed under image guidance using the DROP-IN gamma probe, the traditional laparoscopic gamma probe, and fluorescence imaging.MeasurementsIntraoperative SN detection was assessed for the different modalities and related to anatomical locations. Patient follow-up was included (a median of 18 mo).Results and limitationsOverall, 47 SNs were pursued in vivo by the DROP-IN gamma probe, of which 100% were identified. No adverse events related to its use were observed. In vivo fluorescence imaging identified 91% of these SNs. The laparoscopic gamma probe identified only 76% of these SNs, where the detection inaccuracies appeared to be related to specific anatomical regions.ConclusionsOwing to improved manoeuvrability, the DROP-IN probe yielded improved SN detection rates compared with the traditional gamma probe and fluorescence imaging. These findings underline that the DROP-IN technology provides a valuable tool for radioguided surgery in the robotic setting.Patient summaryRadioguided robot-assisted surgery with the novel DROP-IN gamma probe is feasible and safe. It enables more efficient intraoperative identification of sentinel lymph nodes than can be achieved with a traditional laparoscopic gamma probe. The use of the DROP-IN probe in combination with fluorescence imaging allows for a complementary optical confirmation of node localisations.     

Quantification and preservation of lectin binding by isolated cardiomyocytes

During preparation of cells for experimentation a considerable amount of bound substance is lost. Our aim was to develop a protocol which retained lectin binding to an extent similar to living cells. This procedure would use fixation procedures suited for fluorescent lectin conjugates and gold-conjugates to be visualized by light- and electron microscopy, respectively. We tested glutaraldehyde and paraformaldehyde in different concentrations before and after lectin binding, different buffers and divalent cations, as additives, to determine the effects on preservation of lectin binding. Lectin binding was visualized and semiquantitatively evaluated by image analysis in the light microscope after silver enhancement of lectin-gold conjugates and by using tetramethyl rhodaminyl isothiocyanate (TRITC)-conjugated lectins. Preservation of lectin binding was best visualized with fluorescent lectin conjugates, whereas during silver enhancement procedures of gold-conjugated lectins, a considerable amount of bound lectins was lost. In general, lectin binding to living cells followed by fixation is superior to fixation before lectin binding. Unfavourable combinations of fixatives and buffers can cause a loss of more than 90% bound lectin. In our experiments with freshly isolated guinea pig cardiomyocytes, lectin binding was best when we used Na-cacodylate buffer with glutaraldehyde fixation (0.1%) after binding of lectins to the living cells.     

水飞蓟素固体分散体中水飞蓟宾溶出速度的研究

[目的 ]研究载体和表面活性剂对水飞蓟素固体分散体中水飞蓟宾溶出速度的影响 .[方法 ]采用熔融法制备水飞蓟素固体分散体 ,观察固体分散体中水飞蓟宾在人工肠液中的累积溶出量变化 .[结果 ]水飞蓟素与聚乙二醇为 1∶9比例时固体分散体中水飞蓟宾的溶出速率最佳 ,其最大累积溶出率为6 4 2 7% ;表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠组固体分散体的累积溶出率为 6 4 48% .[结论 ]与原料药物相比 ,以聚乙二醇为载体的固体分散体提高了水飞蓟宾的溶出速率     

乳化剂OP存在下胶束增溶分光光度法测定水中镉

目的：用胶束增溶分光光度法测定水中镉的含量,并比较了乳化剂OP(聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚)和吐温-20(聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐单月桂酸酯)的胶束增溶作用。方法：分别以体积分数为10％OP和体积分数为10％吐温-20为增溶剂,以PAN(1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚)为显色剂,在555nm波长处测定水中镉络合物的吸光度。结果：相同条件下,同浓度的镉络合物用OP的吸光度值是吐温-20的1．6倍,用OP作乳化剂平均回收率为96．5％,平行样品的相对平均偏差为2．57％,标准曲线线性良好,回归系数r=0．999 9,ε=4．6×104L·mol-1·cm-1。结论：乳化剂OP的增溶作用优于吐温-20,此法测定水中痕量镉较好。     

HPLC-ELSD及紫外分光光度法测定三七中皂苷的含量

采用反相高效液相色谱蒸发激光散射检测器测定三七中人参皂苷Rg1的含量。色谱柱为CLC-ODS(6．0mm×150mm),流动相为乙腈-水(3070),蒸发激光散射检测器。定量方法简单,准确。回收率为100．50％,RSD为1．82％。并用紫外分光光度法测定了三七中总皂苷的含量,结果和HPLC法基本一致,说明该方法定量准确,回收率为101．50％,RSD为1．44％。结论认为两方法均可以控制三七的质量。     

猪肝样品中铝含量的测定

目的介绍用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定猪肝中铝含量的方法.方法样品在聚四氟消解器中消解.采用标准加入法在石墨炉原子吸收光度计上测定铝的含量.结果分析了8份猪肝样品,平均铝含量(4.10±0.17)μg/g,变异系数为4.3%.铝测定的回收率为96.3%±3.28%.用人发标样测定了方法的准确度为(13.1±1.8)μg/g,标准为(13.3±2.3)μg/g.结论这是一种准确、精密、可靠的分析方法.本方法也适用于其他生物组织样品中铝含量的测定.