The Diagnostic Value of Radial and Carotid Intima Thickness Measured by High-Resolution Ultrasound for Ischemic Stroke

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空腹血脂正常中年男性动脉粥样硬化与餐后血脂水平关系

目的探讨空腹血脂正常中年男性动脉粥样硬化与餐后血脂水平的关系。方法190例空腹血脂正常的中年男性根据颈动脉、股动脉彩色多普勒超声有无动脉粥样硬化斑块分为正常组与动脉粥样硬化（AS）组，进行脂肪餐负荷试验，于餐前（0h）、餐后2、4、6、8h检测血TG、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C，计算餐后血脂，并进行两组数据比较。结果AS组TG、LDL-C餐后达高峰时间延迟至餐后3—4h，代谢清除时间延长，餐后8h不恢复至餐前水平，As组TG-AUC、TC-AUC、LDL-AUC、餐后4hTC、餐后4、6、8hTG、LDL．C均显著高于正常组（P〈0．05）；AS组HDL-AUC、HDL—C餐后4、6、8各点显著低于正常组（P〈0．05）。多元回归分析表明餐后血脂（TG-AUC、LDL-AUC）与AS发生密切相关。结论餐后血脂代谢异常与AS的发生密切相关。     

Fatty acid composition of erythrocyte phospholipids is related to insulin levels, secretion and resistance in obese type 2 diabetics on Metformin

BACKGROUND: Relationships between fatty acids in erythrocyte phospholipids and insulin parameters have been described in healthy and overweight individuals, but not in obese diabetics. We assessed whether erythrocyte phospholipid fatty acids are related to insulin parameters in obese type 2 diabetics on Metformin. METHODS: In 23 diabetics, the fractions of the different fatty acids in erythrocyte phospholipids were correlated with insulin levels, secretion, sensitivity, resistance and insulinemic response following a standardised breakfast. RESULTS: Fasting insulin levels and insulin resistance correlated positively with the fraction of alpha-linolenic and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid and with the ratios of stearic to palmitic and dihomo-gamma-linolenic to linoleic acid and negatively with the fraction of palmitic acid in erythrocyte phospholipids. Insulin secretion correlated negatively with the fraction of palmitic acid. For this parameter, a positive correlation was also found with the sum of uneven fatty acids. Insulinemic response following a meal was negatively associated with the fraction of oleic acid in erythrocyte phospholipids. Insulin sensitivity did not correlate with erythrocyte fatty acids. CONCLUSIONS: The relationships found differ from those described in healthy and overweight individuals and may be characteristic for type 2 diabetics. They concur with the recommendations that saturated fat intake should be reduced and monounsaturated increased.     

糖尿病的两种空腹血糖诊断标准对比分析

目的探讨糖尿病(DM)新诊断标准中以空腹血糖(FPG)≥7.0 mmol/L(≥1.26 g/L)取代FPG≥7.8mmol/L(≥1.40 g/L)这一变动是否符合本地区临床应用。方法对我院内分泌门诊438例检查血糖的患者用口服75 g葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)确诊后,利用2种不同的诊断标准进行对比分析。结果共检出DM患者159例,其中男83例,女76例,利用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线对FPG≥7.8 mmol/L和FPG≥7.0 mmol/L诊断的特异性和敏感性进行分析,FPG≥7.8 mmol/L的敏感性和特异性分别为56%和99%;而FPG≥7.0 mmol/L的敏感性和特异性分别为68%和97%。结论FPG≥7.0 mmol/L因其特异性达97%,而敏感性又高于FPG≥7.8mmol/L,适合于本地区临床应用。     

腹部择期手术术前新禁食方案的研究

目的探讨术前新禁食方案的安全性和可行性,使病人更加顺利地度过术后康复期。方法将489例腹部择期手术病人按手术时月份的单、双月分为两组,实验组252例采用新禁食方案,即术前至少6h禁食固体食物,术前2h在专业护士指导下口服糖水500ml(含蔗糖50g),然后禁液体饮食;对照组237例采用传统的术前禁食方法,即在术前12h禁固体饮食,术前6h禁任何液体饮食。比较两组禁饮、禁食时间,术中、术后胃液量和呕吐或误吸,术后肺炎,手术前后血糖和胰岛素抵抗水平,SAS评分,以及口渴、饥饿的程度。结果与对照组比较,实验组术前、术中胃液量,术中、术后呕吐或误吸,术后肺炎,手术前后血糖、胰岛素定量等差异无显著性统计学意义(P均>0.05);禁饮、禁食时间较对照组短,SAS评分,口渴、饥饿程度较对照组低,差异有显著性统计学意义(P均<0.01);同时,对照组术后胰岛素抵抗明显,手术前后比较差异有显著性统计学意义(P<0.01),而实验组的同类数据差异无显著性统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论新禁食方案既未增加术前、术中的胃液量,也未增加术中、术后的误吸率,因此是安全的;同时,新禁食方案有助于减轻术后胰岛素抵抗,心理压力和口渴、饥饿感,较传统禁食方法更为合理。     

糖化血红蛋白与血糖的相关性分析及其对糖尿病诊断敏感性探讨

目的：行糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）与空腹血糖（FPG）、餐后2h血糖（2hPG）相关性分析,探讨其在糖尿病（DM）诊断中的价值。方法：同时测定150例门诊就诊者FPG、HbA1c、2hPG,将HbA1c按不同切点分组计算各自对DM诊断的灵敏性及特异性。结果：150例就诊患者中确诊109例DM患者,其FPG、HbA1c、2hPG与非DM患者组比较显著增高（P〈0.01）;DM组中,HbA1c与FPG、2hPG正相关;HbA1c对DM诊断的灵敏性较FPG好;HbA1c对DM诊断的最佳切点为6.5%。结论：FBG的波动性较大,2hPG检查繁琐,HbA1c测定对DM的诊断有一定价值及优势。     

Nutritional impact on the plasma metabolome of rats

Metabolite profiling (metabolomics) elucidates changes in biochemical pathways under various conditions, e.g., different nutrition scenarios or compound administration. BASF and metanomics have obtained plasma metabolic profiles of approximately 500 compounds (agrochemicals, chemicals and pharmaceuticals) from 28-day rat studies. With these profiles the establishment of a database (MetaMap^®Tox) containing specific metabolic patterns associated with many toxicological modes of action was achieved. To evaluate confounding factors influencing metabolome patterns, the effect of fasting vs. non-fasting prior to blood sampling, the influence of high caloric diet and caloric restriction as well as the administration of corn oil and olive oil was studied for its influence on the metabolome. All mentioned treatments had distinct effects: triacylglycerol, phospholipids and their degradation product levels (fatty acids, glycerol, lysophosphatidylcholine) were often altered depending on the nutritional status. Also some amino acid and related compounds were changed. Some metabolites derived from food (e.g. alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, beta-sitosterol, campesterol) were biomarkers related to food consumption, whereas others indicated a changed energy metabolism (e.g. hydroxybutyrate, pyruvate). Strikingly, there was a profound difference in the metabolite responses to diet restriction in male and female rats. Consequently, when evaluating the metabolic profile of a compound, the effect of nutritional status should be taken into account.     

白木香叶95%乙醇提取物在db/db糖尿病小鼠上的降糖作用(英文)

白木香叶为中国广东省治疗糖尿病的民间药物,关于其降糖作用和机制未见报道。本研究采用白木香叶95%乙醇提取物(AE),灌胃给药于db/db2型糖尿病小鼠,4周之后发现AE高剂量组(600 mg/kg)具有降低db/db小鼠空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白水平,改善糖耐量的作用。作用机制研究表明,AE可能是通过激活腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK),起到了改善胰岛素抵抗,降低血糖的作用,并且AE未表现出引起动物体重增加的副作用,可能成为噻唑烷二酮之外的治疗肥胖相关糖尿病药物的新选择。     

甘精胰岛素联合预混胰岛素30 R(50R)治疗空腹血糖控制不佳的2型糖尿病临床观察

目的 探讨甘精胰岛素联合预混胰岛素诺和灵30R(50R)治疗空腹血糖控制不佳的2型糖尿病的有效性及安全性.方法 选择30例使用预混胰岛素诺和灵30R(50R)且空腹血糖>8.0 mmol/L的2型糖尿病患者,联合晚睡前皮下注射甘精胰岛素治疗2周,观察2周后空腹血糖(FBG)、早餐后2 h血糖(2 h PBG)、低血糖发生率、糖化血清蛋白、C-肽的变化.结果 联合治疗2周后,FBG、2 h PBG、糖化血清蛋白较治疗前明显下降,P<0.01,差异具有统计学意义;血糖下降平稳,无低血糖发生;C-肤无明显变化.结论 甘精胰岛素联合预混胰岛素诺和灵30R(50R)治疗空腹血糖控制不佳的2型糖尿病,安全、有效,临床上具有可行性.