超声心动图在应用Amplatzer封堵器关闭儿童房间隔缺损中的应用价值

目的　评价经胸超声心动图 (TTE)和经食管超声心动图 (TEE)在应用Amplatzer封堵器关闭儿童房间隔缺损(ASD)中的应用价值。方法　对 12例拟诊为继发孔型ASD的儿童 (年龄 2～ 13岁 ) ,应用Amplatzer封堵器经导管关闭ASD。通过TTE和 (或 )TEE在术前显示ASD大小及其边缘的解剖特点 ,术中指导封堵器的放置 ,术后评价疗效。结果　 (1) 12例中 ,TEE排除ASD诊断 1例 ,诊断为下腔型ASD和显示缺损前上缘薄弱者各 1例 ,这 3例未实施封堵术。 (2 )TEE测量ASD大小 (5～ 2 6mm ,平均 13 6mm) ,与ASD伸展径 (7～ 30mm ,平均 16 6mm)具有高度相关性 (r=0 994 ,P <0 0 1) ;与术前TTE测量ASD大小很接近 (5～ 2 1mm ,平均 14 3mm) ,后者与ASD伸展径亦具有高度相关性 (r =0 932 ,P <0 0 1)。 (3) 9例实施封堵术者 ,有 8例封堵成功 ;1例在封堵器释放后 15min发生脱落 ,改为外科修补。 (4) 8例成功实施封堵术者经TTE随访 1～ 2 2个月 ,无残余分流征象。结论　应用Amplatzer封堵器经导管关闭ASD可取得良好效果 ;超声心动图在经导管关闭ASD过程中具有重要价值 ,TTE和TEE各具优点 ,TTE适用于病例的初步筛选和术后随访 ;而TEE则在决定是否进行封堵术和指导封堵器的正确放置等方面发挥重要的作用。     

新生儿窒息肺动脉压力变化的无创性动态监测

目的　研究新生儿窒息后肺动脉压力的变化特点及临床意义 ,提供简便无创的检测方法。方法　应用彩色脉冲多谱勒超声于生后 2 4h内、3、7及 12～ 14d分别检测了 30例窒息新生儿及 2 5例正常新生儿左 /右心室射血前期、左 /右心室射血时间及其比值的变化 ,并依此推算肺动脉压力。结果　窒息与正常新生儿肺动脉压力在 2 4h内分别为肺动脉舒张压 (5 5 1± 17 3)mmHg对 (15 0± 3 0 )mmHg ,肺动脉阻力 (14 2± 3 9)mmHg/(L·min·m2 )对 (5 3± 1 3)mmHg/(L·min·m2 ) ,肺循环阻力 /体循环阻力比值 (0 84± 0 4 7)对 (0 2 7± 0 2 0 ) ,差异极显著 ,P <0 0 1。至生后 1周末 ,两组婴儿上述各指标间均无明显差异。结论　肺动脉高压是新生儿窒息的重要病理生理变化 ,在生后 1周内应重视对窒息新生儿肺动脉压力的检测。多谱勒超声心动图简便、无创 ,适于观察新生儿肺动脉压力的变化     

浅析心肌肥厚患者左室舒张功能与冠脉循环的关系

目的探讨心肌肥厚患者冠脉血流与左室舒张功能障碍关系。方法采用彩色多普勒超声仪,行经胸超声心动图(TTE)测量40例心肌肥厚患者和20例正常人冠状窦、二尖瓣及肺静脉血流频谱。结果心肌肥厚患者冠状窦直径、前向血流和净前向血流流速积分(VTInet)明显高于正常对照组;冠状窦前向血流和VTInet与左室舒张功能障碍的多项指标存在相关关系;肺静脉舒张末期逆行血流最大流速之间均存在明显正相关。结论冠脉循环血流动力学的改变可能是心肌肥厚患者舒张功能受损的机制之一.     

卡维地洛在老年充血性心力衰竭治疗中的应用

目的观察卡维地洛治疗老年充血性心力衰竭(心衰,CHF)的疗效和安全性。方法选择老年CHF患者45例,随机分为心衰常规治疗组(22例)和卡维地洛治疗组(23例),后者在常规抗心衰治疗基础上加用卡维地洛,从小剂量开始,渐增至最大耐受量,疗程6个月。两组治疗前和治疗3、6个月末使用超声心动图分别测定左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)和左心室射血分数(LVEF),并观察6min步行距离,记录不良反应。结果老年CHF患者用卡维地洛治疗后,LVEDD、LVESD和LVEF的改善均优于常规治疗组(P<0.01),6min步行距离增加较常规治疗组更为显著(P<0.01)。治疗期间无严重不良反应出现。结论在心衰常规治疗基础上加用卡维地洛治疗老年心衰患者耐受量虽偏小,但可明显改善心功能,提高运动耐量,缩小心室,改善左室重构。     

《TAVR围术期超声心动图检查专家共识》解读

经导管主动脉瓣置入术（TAVR）已成为有临床症状,但不能耐受外科手术治疗（SAVR）的重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者的替代治疗方案。针对即将在国内广泛开展的这项技术,国内心血管超声专家起草了《TAVR围术期超声心动图检查专家共识》,详细介绍了TAVR人工瓣膜及路径,TAVR术的主要适应证,TAVR术前超声评估,TAVR术中超声监测引导及术后即刻评估。为了让超声心动图及心血管临床医师更好地了解专家共识,本文对专家共识的要点进行了梳理与解读。     

单心动周期实时三维超声心动图评价ASD右心室收缩功能

【摘要】 目的 应用单心动周期实时三维超声心动图（sRT3DE）评价房间隔缺损 （ASD）患者治疗前后右心室收缩功能及其影响因素。方法 选取本院2017年1月～2018年6月收治的45例ASD患者为ASD组,45例健康志愿者为对照组。比较两组二维超声测量右心室舒张末内径（RVd）与右心室面积变化分数（RVFAC）,sRT3DE测量右心室舒张末容积（RVEDV）、右心室收缩末容积（RVESV）、右心室每搏量（RVSV）、右心室射血分数（RVEF）,比较ASD组封堵术前后及对照组右室收缩功能参数之间的差异,并分析RVEF与ASD大小、RVEDV、RVESV、RVSVASD的相关性,以及RVEF与RVFAC间相关性。结果 RVd、RVEDV、RVESV、RVSV测值比较,ASD术前＞ASD术后＞对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜001）;RVFAC与RVEF测值比较,ASD术前＜ASD术后＜对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜001）。ASD治疗前RVEF与ASD大小、RVEDV、RVESV呈负相关（r= 0439、 0310、 0688,P＜005）,与RVSV无相关性（P＞005）。RVEF与FAC呈良好正相关（r=0853,P＜005）。结论 sRT3DE能准确评价ASD治疗前后右心室收缩功能,ASD右室收缩功能与RVESV具有良好相关性。     

正常与缺血性心肌梗死及心肌肥厚大鼠超声心动图参数变化趋势比较

目的 通过对正常和心血管疾病状态下的大鼠进行连续超声心动图检测,获得客观准确的大鼠心脏超声参数的变化趋势。方法 建立缺血性心肌梗死和压力负荷增高诱导心肌肥厚的大鼠模型,分别在术前、术后1、2和4周进行超声心动图检测,在相同时间点对正常大鼠进行超声心动图检测,并记录超声参数数据。结果 正常大鼠各心脏参数随时间的变化均有所升高,属正常生长状态。心肌梗死大鼠心脏变化以心室重构和功能障碍为主,心室内径和心室容积随时间变化显著增加,射血分数和短轴缩短率显著降低,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。心肌肥厚大鼠心脏变化以形态改变为主,左室前、后壁厚度随着时间的延长显著增加,收缩末期容积显著下降,射血分数和短轴缩短率代偿性升高,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 应用超声心动图可获得正常和疾病状态下较为客观准确的大鼠心脏超声数据,为后续应用大鼠实验模型研究各种心血管疾病提供了数据参考。     

Entropy-Based Straight Kernel Filter for Echocardiography Image Denoising

A new filter has been proposed with the aim of eliminating speckle noise from 2D echocardiography images. This speckle noise has to be eliminated to avoid the pseudo prediction of the underlying anatomical facts. The proposed filter uses entropy parameter to measure the disorganized occurrence of noise pixel in each row and column and to increase the image visibility. Straight kernels with 3 pixels each are chosen for the filtering process, and the filter is slided over the image to eliminate speckle. The peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is obtained in the range of 147 dB, and the root mean square error (RMSE) is very low of approximately 0.15. The proposed filter is implemented on 36 echocardiography images, and the filter has the competence to illuminate the actual anatomical facts without degrading the edges.     

Could severity of mitral annular calcification predict other left sided structural or functional abnormalities?

ObjectiveThe prognostic value of MAC severity is important not only because it shares a common risk factors with vascular atherosclerotic changes but also through increasing the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study was conducted in order to evaluate association between severity of MAC and left sided echocardiographic abnormalities mainly left sided valvular abnormalities as well as left atrial systolic and diastolic functional abnormalities.MethodsWe prospectively obtained 12-leads electrocardiograms and transthoracic echocardiograms (TTE) on patients scheduled for non-emergent echocardiographic assessment at tertiary care hospital. MAC was graded as mild, moderate and severe. LA linear dimensions, LA filling and emptying volumes and left atrium ejection fraction were done specifically in addition to commonly measured TTE parameters.ResultsFrom the 80 patients considered for the study, 47 patients had mild MAC, 29 patients had moderate MAC and 4 patients had severe MAC. Valvular affection through echo-doppler assessment that included mainly mitral stenosis, mitral incompetence, aortic sclerosis as well as aortic incompetence showed a highly significant statistical difference (p-values 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 and 0.00 respectively). There was a highly significant statistical difference between patients with different degrees of MAC and LA linear dimension (p-value 0.00), all LA filling and emptying volumes as well as LA ejection fractions with the exception of LA passive emptying volume and LA passive ejection fraction was insignificant.ConclusionsThere is a direct proportionate relationship between severity of MAC and associated left sided valvular affection, increase LA linear dimension as well as lower overall LA function.