左冠状动脉主干高位开口及冠状动脉前降支肺动脉瘘的心肌首过灌注初步研究

目的 比较单纯性左冠状动脉主干高位开口及冠状动脉前降支肺动脉瘘患者与正常对照组心肌首过灌注的差异.方法 搜集2013年1月至9月左冠状动脉前降支肺动脉瘘6例,单纯性左冠状动脉主于高位12例,采用多层螺旋CT血管成像(MSCTA)行轴位扫描,应用东芝后处理工作站进行前降支供血区心肌首过灌注分析,将单纯性左冠状动脉主干高位、左冠状动脉前降支肺动脉瘘与正常组冠状动脉的舒张期和收缩期心肌灌注校正值(c-MP)进行比较,分析冠状动脉变异对心肌首过灌注的影响.结果 冠状动脉前降支肺动脉瘘舒张期和收缩期c-MP值均低于正常组;单纯性的左冠状动脉主干高位与正常组的收缩期和舒张期的c-MP值无明显差异.结论 冠状动脉前降支肺动脉瘘的首过灌注效应的初步性研究,在一定程度上反映冠状动脉前降支瘘的供血区情况,冠状动脉前降支肺动脉瘘的患者舒张期和收缩期的c-MP值均减低,当存在前降支肺动脉瘘时,前降支支配区心肌的首过灌注减低,是患者发生心肌缺血的潜在原因之一.     

适当低浓度对比剂在冠状动脉CTA成像中的应用价值

目的 探讨适当低浓度对比剂在冠状动脉CTA成像中的应用价值.方法 对136例拟行冠状动脉CTA检查的患者行前瞻性研究,按所用对比剂浓度不同分为三组,所用对比剂浓度分别为320 mgI/ml、350 mgI/ml、370 mgI/ml,将扫描所得原始数据进行后处理重组,然后对重组后的冠状动脉图像质量进行主观评价,并对主动脉起始部及同层面降部的CT值进行测量,对其结果分别进行统计学分析.结果 三组冠状动脉图像质量的主观评价差异无统计学意义(x2 =0.785,P=0.675).采用前瞻性心电门控扫描的三组患者主动脉起始部CT值的分析结果为:F值=0.992、P值=0.376;主动脉降部CT值的分析结果为:F值=1.527、P值=0.224,采用回顾性心电门控扫描的三组患者主动脉起始部CT值的分析结果为:F值=1.206、P值=0.307;主动脉降部CT值的分析结果为:F值=1.703、P值=0.191,各组CT值的差异无统计学意义.结论 适当低浓度对比剂(320 mgI/ml)能够满足冠状动脉CTA的诊断要求,在行冠状动脉CTA检查时推荐使用.     

腹盆腔血管数字化三维模型指导血管内介入插管方式选择研究

目的利用腹盆腔血管及腰骶椎数字化三维模型,探讨左右髂总动脉分叉角度及分叉开口位置与髂总动脉长度的关系,从而指导血管内介入插管方式的选择。方法选取2011年9月至2013年5月在我科接受腹盆腔CTA检查患者439例,采用数字化三维重建技术构建患者腹盆腔血管及腰骶椎数字化三维模型,Mimics软件联合Geomagic软件对左右髂总动脉间分叉角度和左右髂总动脉长度进行测量,观察并记录左右髂总动脉分叉角度所对应椎体。通过统计学软件对左右髂总动脉分叉角度与其对应椎体位置及左右髂总动脉长度进行相关性分析。结果成功构建439例患者腹盆腔血管和腰骶椎三维模型,均清楚显示左右髂总动脉分叉角度及分叉开口位置。439例患者中左右髂总动脉分叉角度为平均(49.1±12.4)°,分叉开口位于L3~4有38例,L4上1/3有63例,L4中1/3有89例,L4下1/3有135例,L4~5有114例。左右髂总动脉平均长度分别为(45.6±15.6)mm和(43.3±15.4)mm。Pearson相关分析显示,左右髂总动脉分叉角度与其分叉开口位置高度存在负相关关系(r=-0.172,P<0.05),该分叉角度与左右髂总动脉长度也存在负相关关系(左侧:r=-0.171,P<0.05;右侧:r=-0.164,P<0.05)。结论左右髂总动脉分叉开口位置越低,其角度越大,相应髂总动脉长度越短,经股动脉行对侧髂内动脉直接插管距离短、易操作,成功率高;反之,插管路径就延长,直接插管难度增加,需用成襻插管技术,或进一步结合髂内外动脉分叉角度,评估是选择对侧还是同侧髂内动脉插管。     

Coronary Artery Imaging in Children

Coronary artery problems in children usually have a significant impact on both short-term and long-term outcomes. Early and accurate diagnosis, therefore, is crucial but technically challenging due to the small size of the coronary artery, high heart rates, and limited cooperation of children. Coronary artery visibility on CT and MRI in children is considerably improved with recent technical advancements. Consequently, CT and MRI are increasingly used for evaluating various congenital and acquired coronary artery abnormalities in children, such as coronary artery anomalies, aberrant coronary artery anatomy specific to congenital heart disease, Kawasaki disease, Williams syndrome, and cardiac allograft vasculopathy.     

Effects of Cardiopulmonary Bypass on Mediastinal Drainage and the Use of Blood Products in the Intensive Care Unit in 60- to 80-Year-Old Patients Who Have Undergone Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

OBJECTIVE

The present study consisted of patients who underwent on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and off-pump CABG and investigated effect of using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on the amount of postoperative drainage and blood products, red blood cell (RBC), free frozen plasma (FFP) given in the intensive care unit in 60-80-year-old patients who underwent CABG.

METHODS

The present study comprises a total of 174 patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass graft (off-pump or on-pump CABG) surgery in our clinic in between 2012-2015 year.

RESULTS

It was observed that the amount of drainage in the first 24 postoperative hours was lower in the on-pump CABG group (Group 1) when compared to off-pump group (Group 2) (Group 1 vs. Group 2; 703.5±253.8 ml vs. 719.6±209.4 ml; P =0.716). However, the amount of drainage in the second 24 hours was statistically significantly lower in the off-pump CABG group (Group 1 vs. Group 2; 259.8±170.6 ml vs. 190.1±129.1 ml; P =0.016). With regard to the amount of overall drainage, no statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups. Group 1 needed RBC transfusion higher than Group 2 (Group 1 vs. Group 2; 2.2±1.3 bag vs. 1.2±0.9 bag; P <0.001).

CONCLUSION

We can say that CPB influences the amount of second 24-hour drainage which indexed body surface area. In addition, CPB decreases hct, hb, thrombocyte count in ICU arrived, after 24 hours in postoperative period. Reduced thrombocyte counting effect can be appeared after 48 hours in the postoperative period of CPB.     

Impact of Cardiovascular Interventions on the Quality of Life in the Elderly

INTRODUCTION

The elderly population is growing rapidly. Political and socio-economic changes led to the demographic transition in this population with the highest number of surgeries and as well as many comorbidities.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the impact of cardiovascular intervention on quality of life of elderly patients after three and six months.

METHODS

Analytical prospective cohort study with elderly between 60 and 80 years of age, of both sexes, with a diagnosis of coronary artery disease and underwent cardiovascular intervention during the period June 2010 to June 2011. Data were collected by individual interviews in the pre and postoperative periods (after three and six months) by telephone. We used the SF-36 to analyse quality of life in order to assess the physical and mental health of the study population.

RESULTS

Of the 44 individuals evaluated, 59.1% were men, 75% in the range of 65 to 74 years, 38.6% were white and 38.6% were black, 31.8% were uneducated, 43.2% were married and 68.2% had less than a minimum wage. Prevailed patients: non-diabetics (68.2%), non-obese (81.8%), hypertensive (84.1%), non-alcoholic and non-smokers (68.2% and 61.4%, respectively). A significant increase in the average of the SF-36 scores between pre and post-surgical periods (three and six months) for the domains: functional capacity, pain, general health, vitality and emotional aspect.

CONCLUSION

The elderly population undergoing intervention may have cardiovascular benefits and improvements of quality of life. Physical fitness improvement measures can be taken to resume that capability.     

Testosterone and high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein in coronary artery disease patients awaiting coronary artery bypass graft

Natural androgens inhibit atherosclerosis in men. This study aimed to examine whether testosterone and high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein differ between patients with coronary artery disease and those without coronary artery disease and to determine the association with the severity of coronary artery disease. Two hundred and six male subjects were recruited. Serum total testosterone and high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein were estimated. Severity of coronary artery disease was assessed by angiographic scores. Total testosterone level in patients was significantly different from controls (11.4 ± 2.7 vs. 18.1 ± 7.2 nm P = 0.001) and high‐sensitive protein level in cases was significantly higher compared to controls (3.37 ± 1.62 mg l^?1 vs. 1.71 ± 0.60 mg l^?1, P = 0.001). Testosterone levels were not significantly different with vessel (P = 0.592), Leaman (P = 0.694) and Gensini (P = 0.329) score groups, but high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein showed significant positive correlation among the respective groups (P = 0.005, P = 0.028, P = 0.015). Testosterone was lower, while high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein was higher in patients compared to controls. Testosterone showed no correlation with the severity of atherosclerosis, but high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein showed significant positive correlation.     

Measurement of coronary artery calcification with multi-slice spiral computed tomography and the associated factors in maintenance hemodialysis patients

Objective To investigate the factors correlated to coronary artery calcification (CAC) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods This study included 132 patients(54 females, 78 males), aged 26-94 years, who were on hemodialysis for 10-204 months(median dialysis duration 51.00 months). The parameters including calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, triglycerides, C - reactive protein (CRP), klotho, and so on were assessed. Quantification of CAC was determined by multi-slice spiral computed tomography (MSCT), known as the coronary artery calcification score (CACs). Results Ninety-two patients (69.70%) had CAC, with CACs ranging from 0 to 13 450.20. More than 30% patients experienced one even a variety of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. A positive correlation was observed between the degree of CAC and the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Whereas a positive correlation existed between CACs and age (r=0.347, P=0.000), duration of hemodialysis (r=0.245, P= 0.005), systolic blood pressure (r=0.184, P=0.034), diabetes history (r=0.211, P=0.015), phosphorus (r= 0.262, P=0.002), calcium-phosphorus product (r=0.247, P=0.004); and a negative correlation between CACs and klotho level (r=-0.294, P=0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the main factor influencing the degree of CAC in MHD patients was age. Conclusions CAC is common and widespread in hemodialysis patients, who are often accompanied by cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The prevalence rate of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases increases with the aggravation of CAC degree. Age, duration of hemodialysis, systolic blood pressure, diabetes history, disturbance of calcium and phosphorus metabolism and klotho are correlated with the severity of CAC. Age is an independent risk factor of CAC degree.     

急性冠脉综合征血清白介素1β浓度的变化及洛伐他汀治疗的影响

目的:探讨白介素-1β(IL-1β)在急性冠脉综合征(ACS)发病中的作用,以及他汀类药物在ACS治疗中的抗炎作用。方法:75名ACS患者随机分为A、B、C三组,每组25人。A组为常规治疗组,B组为常规治疗 洛伐他汀20mg／d,C组为常规治疗 洛伐他汀40mg／d。均随访2周。以稳定性心绞痛(SAP)患者(n=25)为对照组。于治疗前、后分别测定血清IL-1β,并分析IL-1β与冠心病其他危险因素(TG、LDL-C)的相关性。结果:ACS组血清IL-1β水平明显高于SAP组(P<0．001),B、C组洛伐他汀早期干预治疗后血清IL-1β水平明显下降(P< 0．01),且呈剂量依赖性,而与TG、LDL-C下降无相关性。A组治疗前后无明显变化。结论:炎症反应是导致ACS 发生的原因之一,洛伐他汀治疗可显著降低ACS患者IL-1β水平,且与血脂的下降不相关,说明具有独立于降脂的抗炎作用。