本溪市主干路实行垃圾袋装收集效果分析

在认真总结本溪市主干路撤掉垃圾箱经验教训的基础上 ,制订了科学的实施方案 ,实行垃圾袋装收集 ,通过效果分析 ,证明采取这种方式可取得良好的环境效益和社会效益     

肾集合管癌（附五例报告）

肾集合管癌少见，其生物学行为尚不十分清楚。我们在近４年间收治５例，男３例，女２例，年龄４１～６７岁。主要临床表现为血尿、消瘦、低热。４例行根治性肾切除术，３例分别经３个月，２、２．５年随访无复发，ｌ例术后１年２个月死于肺转移。１例因肾门、腔静脉旁淋巴结广泛受累仅作姑息性肾切除，术后２个月出现骨转移。病理所见：肿瘤灰白，位于髓质，镜检呈腺管乳头状结构，间质丰富，邻近集合管异型增生。免疫组化检查高分子细胞角蛋白，花生凝集素及上皮细胞膜抗原均阳性。结合文献对集合管癌的若干诊断和治疗问题进行讨论。     

肾集合管癌的临床特点及预后(附4例报告)

目的：探讨肾集合管癌（Collecting duct carcinoma，CDC）的临床特点及预后．以提高对CDC的诊治水平。方法：回顾性研究4例CDC患者的临床特点及病理资料并进行随访。结果：4例CDC患者占同期肾癌的1．41％，全部为男性，年龄为51～62岁。主要症状为血尿、腰腹痛、乏力、消瘦及低热。其中1例术前诊断为肾结核，但术中探查发现合并输尿管多发结节，冷冻切片病理检查为输尿管癌，行患侧肾癌根治性切除加输球管全长及膀胱部分切除术，术后病理检查为CDC并输尿管移行细胞癌。2例术前发现双肺多发转移病灶，同时肾门、肾动脉与腹主动脉间多发肿大淋巴结，术中尽量切除可疑淋巴结，术后病理检查证实为淋巴结转移。另1例术再病理检查报告为CDC，部分为透明细胞癌。肿瘤TNM分期：2例为T2N2M1（Ⅳ期），1例为T2N1Mn（Ⅲ期），1例为T1N0M0（Ⅰ期）。4例患者术后均进行干扰素及IL-2治疗，2例有远处转移者同时行放疗。1例患者术后2个月因肝、肺、肋骨多发转移而死亡，余3例目前仍在随访中。结论：CDC临床症状明显，进展快，恶性程度高，顶后差。主要治疗方法为肾癌根治术，患者多于术后数月或几年内发生转移而死亡。     

红车轴草最佳采收期的研究

目的为确定红车轴草最佳采收期提供依据。方法采用紫外分光光度法测定红车轴草不同采收期异黄酮的含量,同时计算各个生长期的产量。结果红车轴草在现蕾期和初花期的异黄酮含量较高,分别为1.80%和1.79%。结论建议红车轴草在初花期时采收。     

不同龄期性别银杏叶多糖含量的比较研究

目的：探索银杏叶的适宜采收树龄、采收性别以及采收的季节。方法：用乙醇沉淀法从不同树龄、不同性别和不同采收期的12种银杏叶中提取出多糖，并进行差异显著性分析，采用HPLC法测定得率最高的一种多糖的含量。结果：银杏叶多糖的平均得率为4．29％，树龄、性别和采收期的组间、组内均有显著或极显著差异，其中10年生雌树、九月下旬采收的银杏叶多糖的得率最高，为5．44％，其多糖含量为61．5％（RSD=2．5％）。结论：不同树龄、不同性别和不同采收季节的银杏叶中多糖含量有差异，这为银杏资源的合理应用提供了依据。     

血液稀释法自身输血的采血方法和护理体会

目的 :探讨颅内肿瘤择期手术病人进行血液稀释法自身输血的采血方法和护理体会。方法 :术前选择合适的 30例颅内肿瘤择期手术病人 ,在麻醉后为病人行上臂大静脉穿刺采集自体血液并在室温下保存于手术间 ,手术结束前回输。结果 :30例平均预存血量为 4 5 0± 5 0ml;MAP、HR、SpO2 及ECG无明显变化 ;血液细菌培养检查均为阴性 ;围术期无败血症发生。结论 :血液稀释法自体输血是解决稀有血源缺乏、节省血源和减少费用的方法。术前采血能减少术野血液有效成分的丢失 ,值得推广。采血应在麻醉后掀开骨瓣之前完成。     

Exosomal transfer from human renal proximal tubule cells to distal tubule and collecting duct cells

Objectives

Exosomes are 50–90 nm extracellular membrane particles that may mediate trans-cellular communication between cells and tissues. We have reported that human urinary exosomes contain miRNA that are biomarkers for salt sensitivity and inverse salt sensitivity of blood pressure. This study examines exosomal transfer between cultured human renal proximal tubule cells (RPTCs) and from RPTCs to human distal tubule and collecting duct cells.

Design and methods

For RPTC-to-RPTC exosomal transfer, we utilized 5 RPTC lines producing exosomes that were fluorescently labeled with exosomal-specific markers CD63-EGFP or CD9-RFP. Transfer between RPTCs was demonstrated by co-culturing CD63-EGFP and CD9-RFP stable clones and performing live confocal microscopy. For RPTC-to-distal segment exosomal transfer, we utilized 5 distal tubule and 3 collecting duct immortalized cell lines.

Results

Time-lapse videos revealed unique proximal tubule cellular uptake patterns for exosomes and eventual accumulation into the multivesicular body. Using culture supernatant containing exosomes from 3 CD9-RFP and 2 CD63-EGFP RPTC cell lines, all 5 distal tubule cell lines and all 3 collecting duct cell lines showed exosomal uptake as measured by microplate fluorometry. Furthermore, we found that RPTCs stimulated with fenoldopam (dopamine receptor agonist) had increased production of exosomes, which upon transfer to distal tubule and collecting duct cells, reduced the basal reactive oxygen species (ROS) production rates in those recipient cells.

Conclusion

Due to the complex diversity of exosomal contents, this proximal-to-distal vesicular inter-nephron transfer may represent a previously unrecognized trans-renal communication system.     

名医经验传承国家服务平台建设的探索与实践

基于"十五""十一五"名医传承数据资源,在"十二五""名老中医临床经验、学术思想传承研究(一)"的基础上,结合名医传承工作室站及传承团队的建设,开展名医经验传承社会化服务。作为项目研究成果之一的名医经验传承国家服务平台,目标是规范传承和创新中医学的发展模式,实现科研成果产品化,科研产品社会化;宗旨是基于靶向人群及服务需求,通过网络平台将名医经验成果更好地服务于社会大众及专业人士。     

The medical museum in Palmerston North and some medical history*

A brief history is given of the establishment of the N.C. Little Memorial Medical Museum in Palmerston North, New Zealand with an introduction into its functions and aims, together with a brief history of medicine with implications for the future.