Congenital sternal foramen in a stillborn Holstein calf

Congenital sternal foramen is an anomaly whose occurrence is rare in human but is especially unusual in animals. This defect was formed when fusion of multiple ossification centers was incomplete. It may be associated with other lesions in body organs especially cardiac anomalies. In the present study, we report a very rare case of congenital sternal foramen in a Holstein calf. The oval defect was like a gunshot wound and located at the lower third of the sternum. Apparently, the rest of skeleton system seems normal. The awareness of the anomaly is important for better diagnosis and treatment of diseases.     

小腿静脉血栓的影像学诊断

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声及静脉造影对小腿静脉血栓的诊断价值.方法采用彩色多普勒超声检出219例小腿静脉血栓,其中18例行下肢静脉造影.结果彩色多普勒超声检查出小腿陈旧性或附壁血栓152例,新鲜血栓67例.与静脉造影对照,彩色多普勒超声检测小腿胫后静脉、腓静脉的敏感性分别为87.5%、90.9%,特异性分别为100%、100%,而对于小腿腓肠肌和比目鱼肌间静脉血栓,彩色多普勒超声的诊断显示率明显高于静脉造影.小腿静脉血栓发生于单侧肢体者明显多于同时发生于双侧肢体者.两侧小腿血栓分布部位的次序都是腓静脉(28%)>胫后静脉(23.0%)>肌间静脉(15.1%)>肌间静脉 腓静脉(14.6%).结论彩色多普勒超声对小腿胫后、腓、胫前静脉、腓肠肌和比目鱼肌间血栓有较高的敏感性和特异性,可以了解小腿静脉血栓的发生部位、分布、延伸和大小的变化.静脉造影可以确诊胫后、腓、胫前静脉的血栓,但对小腿肌间静脉血栓的诊断有限.     

The effect of dbcAMP on the lysolecithin induced hemolysis of calf and adult cattle erythrocytes

Summary The calf erythrocytes have an increased sensitivity against lysolecithin as compared to their adult counterparts. 10^–3M dbcAMP increases the hemolysis induced by 5g of lysolecithin in 0.15 M NaCl containing 10 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). By increasing the level of phosphate buffer (75 mM) in the incubation mixture, 10^–3M dbcAMP decreases the hemolysis induced by 5g of lysolecithin. These data suggest a dual effect exerted by dbcAMP: the relatively labilizing or stabilizing effect prevails as a function of exogenous inorganic phosphate level.10-⁶M dbcAMP also has a relative protective effect against lysolecithin.The combined addition of cAMP (10^–3) and theophyllin (10^–4M) does not stabilize the membrane.By increasing the level of lysolecithin to 20g/ml the stabilizing effect of dbcAMP disappears.DbcAMP (10^–3) as well as cAMP (10^–3M) and theophyllin (10^–4M) have a minimum increasing effect on hemolysis in the absence of lysolecithin, too.

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Abbreviations dbcAMP N⁶-20-dibutyryladenosine 35-monophosphate - cAMP cyclic 35-adenosine monophosphate     

小牛脾提取物注射液辅助化疗对结直肠癌术后患者免疫功能影响

摘 要 目的： 观察小牛脾提取物注射液辅助化疗对结直肠癌术后患者的免疫功能的影响。 方法: 128例结直肠癌术后患者随机分为两组各64例。对照组给予FOLFOX 4方案化疗;观察组在对照组基础上,加用小牛脾提取物注射液10 ml,ivd,d1～d10。14 d为1周期,4周期后比较两组患者免疫功能、外周血WBC、Hb、Plt,以及两组药品不良反应。结果:治疗后,两组CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD8⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺等均较治疗前明显升高,且均明显高于对照组治疗后（P<0.05）。与本组治疗前比较,两组治疗后外周血WBC、Plt和Hb水平变化不明显（P>0.05）,但治疗后观察组的WBC、Plt明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组药品不良反应发生率明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论: 结直肠癌术后采用小牛脾提取物注射液辅助化疗,不仅能提高机体免疫功能,还可减轻化疗的骨髓抑制、胃肠毒性。     

Calf circumference is associated with dysphagia in acute-care inpatients

The aim of the study was to determine the association between decreased muscle mass and dysphagia in older acute-care patients. A cross-sectional study was performed on 103 patients aged ≥65 years who were consecutively admitted to acute-care wards. Muscle mass and strength were evaluated by assessing calf circumference (CC) and handgrip strength, respectively. Dysphagia and swallowing difficulty were assessed using the Dysphagia Severity Scale (DSS). Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine whether CC was associated with dysphagia. There were 58 women and 45 men (mean age, 80 ± 8 years) with a mean CC of 28.2 ± 4.4 cm, and a mean HG of 11.8 kg. Dysphagia was observed in eight patients (8%). Based on the multivariate analysis, CC was independently associated with DSS after adjusting for possible confounders. Future studies to evaluate dysphagia in acute-care older patients with low skeletal muscle mass (i.e., sarcopenia) are required.     

Calf-Contouring Surgery of Gastrocnemius Hypertrophy: Selective Neurectomy of the Sural Nerve

Generally, Asians tend to have obese calves that are shorter and thicker than those of Caucasians. The cause of the enlarged calves is either an excess of subcutaneous fat or calf muscular hypertrophy, but some patients have both conditions. These features are accentuated by the contraction of the calf muscles when patients stand in tiptoe position or wear high heels. In the case of calf muscular hypertrophy without excessive subcutaneous fat, manipulation of the calf muscle is an effective method for reducing calf circumference. From January 2005 to December 2006, the authors performed selective sural neurectomy for 20 patients who complained of obese calves. Using a popliteal incision, the sural nerve branches to the medial and/or lateral gastrocnemius muscles were dissected from the posterior tibial nerve. Using a nerve stimulator, the branches with the most contractile portions were resected in 1 cm lengths at the distal ends. One medial branch was resected in 15 patients, and two branches were resected in 5 patients. In the case of a lateral neurectomy, only one branch was resected. Ultrasound-assisted liposuction was combined for five patients who also showed excessive subcutaneous fat. The patients ranged in age from 19 to 29 years (mean, 23 years). The follow-up period varied from 6 to 18 months. The circumferential change was checked 6 months postoperatively 15 cm below the medial condyle and 15 cm above the medial malleolus. These average circumferences were reduced, respectively, from 36.6 and 32.5 cm to 35.5 and 32.2 cm. In gait analysis performed at 6 months postoperatively, the calf muscle power was slightly reduced to 95% of the preoperative state, but still remained above the normal range. Subjectively, no patient complained of muscle weakness or gait disturbance. One patient showed lower leg edema after mountain climbing that subsided after 1 day of rest. The authors believe a selective neurectomy technique can be an effective method for treating obese calves.     

可植入式心室辅助装置动物模型的建立

目的研究频谱水泡浴加饮用对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法SPF级雌性KM小鼠分3组,A组为小鼠频谱水泡浴45min／d加饮频谱水;B组为小鼠频谱水泡浴45min／d;对照组为小鼠自来水泡浴45min／d。实验30d后进行小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化试验、迟发型变态反应实验、血清溶血素测定、碳廓清试验、NK细胞活性测定、抗体生成细胞检测。结果小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化试验和NK细胞活性测定,A组与对照组、B组与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;小鼠碳廓清试验,A组与B组、A组与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;其余实验各组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。表明频谱水泡浴加饮用、频谱水泡浴均能提高淋巴细胞的转化能力,具有提高小鼠NK细胞活性的作用：频谱水泡浴加饮用能增强小鼠单核巨噬细胞的吞噬功能。结论频谱水泡浴、频谱水泡浴加饮用均对小鼠的非特异性免疫和特异性细胞免疫反应有一定的促进作用,且频谱水泡浴加饮用比单纯的频谱水泡浴对小鼠免疫功能的增强效果更好。但对体液免及作用不明显。     

浅谈新疆野牦牛资源的开发与利用

牦牛为新疆的特色资源，利用新疆野牦牛改良家养牦牛是遏制新疆牦牛品质退化的有效手段。本文就如何开发利用新疆野牦牛资源进行阐述。     

白牦牛选育提高

本文对引进甘肃天祝白牦牛种公牛的繁育发展情况进行综述，旨在通过杂交改良，提高本地白牦牛的品质。     

Radiosensitive suppressor T cells for LIF production in mixed lymphocyte reactions

LIF activity in the supernatants of one way MLR, one MNC population being irradiated, was significantly increased as compared to that produced in two way MLR. Puromycin treatment of the irradiated cells decreased LIF response while puromycin treatment of the non-irradiated cells had no detectable effect. A similar increase of LIF activity was achieved by removing either OKT8+ or OKT4+ cells from one cell component before performing the mixed culture. Recombination of the depleted cell samples followed by MLR decreased LIF response except when belonging to allogeneic donors. Mostly, irradiation of OKT8 depleted mononuclear cells before recombination with OKT4 depleted cells prevented LIF suppression in MLR. The suppressor function of OKT4+ cells seems to be more radiosensitive than that of OKT8+ cells in this system. It is suggested that LIF production in MLR is regulated by a suppressor circuit which is histocompatible restricted and requires interaction of both OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells.