心痛安颗粒剂对不稳定性心绞痛患者血小板功能及凝血系统的影响

目的 :观察心痛安颗粒剂对不稳定性心绞痛患者血小板和凝血系统的作用。方法 :6 0例不稳定性心绞痛患者随机分为心痛安组 (30例 ,常规西药加心痛安颗粒剂治疗 )与对照组 (30例 ,单用常规西药治疗 ) ,观察治疗前后血小板最大聚集率 (Ma% )血小板 α颗粒膜糖蛋白 (GMP- 140 )和 D-二聚体 (D- D)的变化。结果 :治疗后 ,心痛安颗粒组的 Ma% ,GMP- 140和 D- D经治疗后明显下降 ,下降幅度明显大于对照组。结论 :心痛安颗粒剂可能通过抑制血小板聚集、活化和纤维蛋白合成而发挥治疗不稳定性心绞痛的作用。     

水提干法制粒的中药配方颗粒溶化性与粉体物理属性相关性研究

目的 为加快实现中药生产过程中对中药配方颗粒的质量控制,从粉体物料属性出发,探究其对水提工艺下干法制粒的中药配方颗粒溶化性影响机制。方法 以60种中药配方颗粒及中间体混合粉为研究对象,通过对各品种混合粉粉体属性进行测定,建立粉体物性参数与颗粒溶化性关联模型。采用二维矩阵热点图对各品种间及物性指标间相似性进行分析,结合系统聚类分析对其进行归类,并运用多元统计方法初步筛选影响水提工艺下中药配方颗粒溶化性的关键因素。结果 各品种间粉体物性参数相关系数在-0.951～1.000,并按照各品种物理属性大致可以分为5类,结合变量投影响应值（variable importance for the projection,VIP）、自变量回归系数与方差膨胀因子（variance inflation factor,VIF）分析,最终筛选出其休止角（α）、含水量（HR）、吸湿性（H）与比表面积（SSA）4个指标为影响中药配方颗粒溶化性的关键物料属性（critical material attributes,CMAs）。结论 基于中药粉体物料属性与数据分析初步探寻影响水提条件下干法制粒的中药配方颗粒的溶化性机...     

化瘀补肾方对卵巢切除小鼠骨折愈合的作用

目的观察化瘀补肾方对卵巢切除小鼠骨折愈合的作用。方法 3月龄雌性C57BL/6小鼠48只分为假手术组、模型组和化瘀补肾方组各16只。模型组和化瘀补肾方组小鼠采用双侧卵巢切除术(OVX)建立骨质疏松症模型。术后12周,各组小鼠建立左侧胫骨中段骨折模型。术后给予化瘀补肾方组小鼠化瘀补肾方灌胃,给予假手术组与模型组小鼠等体积生理盐水灌胃,至骨折术后4周取材。检测各组小鼠血清雌二醇水平,采用Micro-CT检测小鼠第4腰椎及左侧胫骨的骨密度,检测左侧胫骨最大应力,对左侧胫骨石蜡切片进行阿尔辛蓝/橙黄G染色,观察骨组织形态学变化。结果 OVX后4周开始,模型组小鼠体重明显升高,并持续高于假手术组(P0.01)。骨折术后4周,模型组小鼠血清雌二醇和第四腰椎骨密度(BMD)明显低于假手术组(P0.01),化瘀补肾方组小鼠血清雌二醇水平和第四腰椎BMD高于模型组(P0.01)。Micro-CT三维重建显示,模型组左侧胫骨仍有明显的骨折线,骨痂生长不明显,化瘀补肾方组骨折线模糊,骨痂形成明显。与假手术组相比,模型组小鼠的BV/TV(P0.01)、Tb.Th(P0.05)和Tb.N(P0.01)均明显降低,Tb.Sp明显升高,化瘀补肾方组小鼠的BV/TV(P0.05)、Tb.Th(P0.05)相较于模型组则显著升高,但Tb.N、Tb.Sp差异无统计学意义。与假手术组比较,模型组小鼠胫骨的最大应力在骨折术后28 d时显著低于假手术组(P0.01),化瘀补肾方组小鼠胫骨的最大应力显著高于模型组(P0.01)。阿尔辛蓝/橙黄G染色显示,假手术组和化瘀补肾方组骨痂组织处于塑形期,可见明显骨小梁结构,而模型组骨痂组织内见大量脂肪组织,骨小梁稀疏。结论化瘀补肾方能有效促进去卵巢小鼠的骨折愈合,改善愈合骨组织的生物力学性能。     

参芍颗粒对犬血液流变学的影响

目的：观察参芍颗粒对结扎犬冠状动脉前降支造成血瘀症模型的血液流变学的影响。方法：采用结扎犬冠状动脉前降支造成血瘀症模型,于造模前、造模后15,30,60,90min分别股静脉采血测定血液流变学指标、体外血栓长度、血小板粘附率和全血粘度（切变率为5－200／s)。结果：参芍颗粒可缩短血栓长度、降低全血粘度、血小板粘附度,抑帛血栓形成。结论：参芍颗粒有改善实验性犬血瘀症的血液流变学指标的作用。     

HPLC法测定胃脘舒冲剂中甘草酸的含量

用高效液相色谱法测定胃脘舒冲剂中甘草酸的含量,采用 μＢｏｎｄａｐａｋ Ｃ_（１８）柱, ３． ９ ｍｍ ×３００ ｍｍ,流动相甲醇－１． ５ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ冰醋酸水溶液（６８： ３２）,流速 １． ０ ｍＬ／ｍｉｎ,检测波长 ２５４ ｎｍ,测定结果平均回收率为９７．４１％,ＲＳＤ＝１．２％。     

Evidence for an inherent,ATP-stimulated uptake of calcium into chromaffin granules

Summary Partially purified chromaffin granules (granular fraction), crude mitochondria (mitochondrial fraction) and a microsomal fraction were prepared from bovine adrenals by differential centrifugation and characterized by their catecholamine content, succinate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphatase activity. During isotonic incubation with 0.1 mM ⁴⁵Ca²⁺ all fractions showed an uptake of ⁴⁵Ca²⁺, which was stimulated by ATP. In addition, after incubation the granular fraction was further fractionated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation (2.0–1.3 M sucrose; 170,000g·60 min). In some of these experiments the granular fraction was incubated simultaneously with ⁴⁵Ca²⁺ and [³H](-)noradrenaline to compare the uptake of both. The rate of uptake of ⁴⁵Ca²⁺ into the 2.0 M sucrose fraction (characterized by the highest catecholamine content and the lowest succinate dehydrogenase activity) was doubled by ATP. The ATP-stimulated uptake of ⁴⁵Ca²⁺ into the 2.0 M sucrose fraction of chromaffin granules was inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) (0.1 mM), 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) (0.1 mM), azide (1 mM), carbonyl cyanide mchlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) (20M), atractyloside (50 M), ruthenium red (40 M) and amobarbital (1 mM). This inhibition pattern was different from that of the ATP-stimulated uptake of ⁴⁵Ca²⁺ into the microsomal fraction, but it was similar to that of the ATP-stimulated uptake of ⁴⁵Ca²⁺ into the mitochondrial fraction. However, the following differences are incompatible with the view that a mitochondrial contamination, with a highly active uptake, is responsible for the ATP-stimulated uptake of ⁴⁵Ca²⁺ into the 2.0 M sucrose fraction of chromaffin granules: a) The uptake of ⁴⁵Ca²⁺ into the mitochondrial fraction was insensitive to 1 mM amobarbital, whereas this agent inhibited the uptake of ⁴⁵Ca²⁺ into the 2.0 M sucrose fraction of chromaffin granules. b) Replacement of ATP by succinate stimulated the uptake of ⁴⁵Ca²⁺ into the mitochondrial fraction only. c) The dependence of the ATP-stimulated uptake of ⁴⁵Ca²⁺ on the concentration of ATP (0.1–5 mM) was determined: while uptake into the 2.0 M sucrose fraction of chromaffin granules exhibited saturation kinetics, that into the mitochondrial fraction was linearly related to the concentration of ATP. Interestingly, uptake of ⁴⁵Ca²⁺ into those fractions of chromaffin granules that are known to be contaminated with mitochondria (1.6 M sucrose fraction) exhibited bot a saturable and a nonsaturable component. d) The uptake of ⁴⁵Ca²⁺ into the mitochondrial fraction was more sensitive to 0.1 mM DNP than the uptake of ⁴⁵Ca²⁺ into the 2.0 M sucrose fraction of chromaffin granules.The comparison of the ATP-stimulated uptake of ⁴⁵Ca²⁺ with that of [³H](-)noradrenaline into the 2.0 M sucrose fraction of chromaffin granules revealed that amobarbital, N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD), DNP and increasing concentrations of ATP had the same influence on both uptake processes. From our results we conclude that an inherent, ATP-stimulated uptake of ⁴⁵Ca²⁺ exists in chromaffin granules. The effects of agents on the uptake of ⁴⁵Ca²⁺ and/or [³H](-)noradrenaline into chromaffin granules are discussed with regard to the granular uptake mechanisms.This work was supported by the Deutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftSome results were reported at the 18th Spring Meeting 1977 of the Deutsche Pharmakologische Gesellschaft (Burger and Häusler 1977)     

Primary infiltrating signet ring carcinoma of the eyelids

A 61-year old man presented with a five-year history of a swelling initially developing in his right lower lid that progressed to involve the lateral canthal skin and eventually the upper lid and anterior orbit. He was discovered to have an infiltrating, poorly differentiated, mucin-producing carcinoma. Systemic work-up failed to disclose a visceral malignancy, and it was concluded that his tumor was primary in the lids, arising from an adnexal sweat gland. Three other reports in the literature also share almost identical clinical and pathologic features, in that all of the earlier reports dealt with middle-aged or elderly men who had diffusely indurated lids. Histopathologically, the tumor cells grow diffusely in a sclerotic stroma, and resemble the "histiocytoid" variant of metastatic breast carcinoma to the lids in women. Ultrastructural studies in our case point toward an apocrine origin, although earlier authors have favored an eccrine origin. Despite its indolent clinical course, the tumor is capable of producing regional and distant metastases on long-term follow-up. Complete local excision, possibly necessitating radical surgery, is probably the preferred method of treatment, but local radiotherapy may have a beneficial effect in retarding spread of the disease.     

A Merkel cell tumor of the eyelid

The Merkel cell is a distinctive nondendritic, nonkeratinocytic, epithelial clear cell believed to migrate from the neural crest to the epidermis and dermis, which is usually located in or near the basal layer of the epidermis and associated with nerve terminations. Merkel first described these cells in 1875 as "Tastzellen" occurring in the snout of a mole. They are believed to function as slowly adapting mechanoreceptors that mediate the sense of touch. Tumors arising from Merkel cells have been reported to occur on the head and neck area, the trunk, arms, and legs, and resemble a primary cutaneous lymphoma or cutaneous metastasis of a lymphoma or a carcinoma. Electron microscopy, to locate the characteristic membrane-bound, dense core neurosecretory granules, is needed for accurate diagnosis. These tumors must be treated aggressively to minimize the chance of local recurrence and nodal or visceral metastases. The authors present a case of Merkel cell tumor occurring on the eyelid. The clinical history, light and electron microscopic findings are shown.     

板蓝根醇沉物的药理作用

目的：观察板蓝根醇沉物与板蓝根颗粒剂的差异。方法：对比研究板蓝根醇沉物与板蓝根颗粒剂前浸膏的药理作用。结果：板蓝根醇沉物的热解、抗炎及抗茵作用与同剂量板蓝根颗粒剂前浸膏相同，其靛蓝含量高于板蓝根颗粒剂前浸膏。结论：板蓝根醇沉物有明显的解热、抗炎作用，板蓝根制剂传统制备工艺有待改进。     

尿石通颗粒中总黄酮的含量测定

目的:测定尿石通颗粒中总黄酮的含量。方法:用70％乙醇提取并制成供试品,采用分光光度法测定。结果:平均回收率为98.28％,RSD=2.13％。3批尿石通颗粒样品中总黄酮的含量分别为1.448,1.403,1.427 mg·g~(-1)。结论:本方法简便、准确、灵敏度高,可作为该制剂的质量控制方法。