Correlations between bone mineral density and demographic, lifestyle, and biochemical variables in community-dwelling Japanese women 69 years of age and over

Introduction A few epidemiologic studies have comprehensively attempted to identify risk factors for low bone mineral density (BMD) in elderly Asian women. The purpose of this study was to identify demographic, lifestyle, and biochemical factors correlated with BMD in elderly Japanese women 69 years of age and over.Methods The study design was cross-sectional. The subjects were 583 ambulatory women aged 69 years and over, and their average age was 74.3 (SD 4.4) years. Predictor variables were age, reproductive history, anthropometric indices, grip strength, calcium intake, lifestyle information, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)₂D), osteocalcin (OC), and undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) values. The outcome variable was forearm BMD measured with a DTX-200 osteometer.Results Simple linear regression analyses showed that BMD was significantly positively associated with body height, weight, body mass index, grip strength, serum albumin concentration, and “housework,” and negatively associated with age, years since menopause, age at menarche, number of children, serum 1,25(OH)₂D concentration, serum OC concentration, and ucOC concentration. The stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that weight (β=0.00316, SE=0.00028, R²=0.180), age (β=−0.00321, SE=0.00050, R²=0.108), log-transformed serum OC (β=−0.0445, SE=0.0064, R²=0.053), log-transformed serum 1,25(OH)₂D (β=−0.0401, SE=0.0074, R²=0.050), “farmwork” (β=0.00904, SE=0.00426, R²=0.005), and serum 25(OH)D concentration (β=0.000281, SE=0.000120, R²=0.003) were significantly associated with BMD.Conclusion It was concluded that body weight is a major predictor of forearm BMD among the factors measured in this study in independent Japanese women 69 years of age and over and that serum 1,25(OH)₂D concentration may be associated with cortical BMD. Maintenance of body weight is very important for maintaining BMD in this population, unless a large weight aggravates obesity-related diseases. A follow-up study is needed to confirm these findings.     

Therapeutic effects of liposomal adriamycin in combination with tumor necrosis factor-alpha.

Liposomes as drug carriers in cancer chemotherapy have attracted considerable interest. To enhance the therapeutic effect of Adriamycin entrapped in liposomes (Lip-ADM) on human solid tumors, we investigated the therapeutic effects of Lip-ADM in combination with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rTNF-alpha), which is known to have specific effects on tumor vasculature. rTNF-alpha or saline solution was injected intravenously into nude mice bearing a human colon cancer strain, HC-1, at 1 hour before intravenous administration of Lip-ADM. The significant therapeutic effect of Lip-ADM in combination with rTNF-alpha was demonstrated by the evaluation with tumor growth curve and the actual tumor weights, in comparison with groups of mice treated with saline solution, rTNF-alpha alone, or with a Lip-ADM after saline. Levels of Adriamycin in tumor tissue in the Lip-ADM in combination with rTNF-alpha-treated group were higher than those in Lip-ADM with saline solution-treated group.     

体重指数对全膝关节置换术后功能的影响

目的回顾性分析体重指数(BMI)对骨关节炎(OA)患者全膝关节置换术(TKA)后功能的影响.方法由同一组医生使用同一种假体对320例(520膝)骨关节炎患者行全膝关节置换.按体重指数分为4组非肥胖组(BMI＜25.0 kg/m2)、超重组(BMI 25.1～27.0 kg/m2)、肥胖组(BMI 27.1～30.0kg/m2)和病理性肥胖组(BMI＞30.0 kg/m2),分别记录术前及随访时HSS膝评分、功能评分、膝关节最大屈曲、伸直度数和并发症.结果术前超重组、肥胖组和病理性肥胖组功能评分较非肥胖组低(P＜0.05),但膝评分差异无显著性.通过平均28.3个月的随访,无论膝评分和功能评分各组术后均明显提高,各组提高的幅度比较差异无显著性.虽然超重组、肥胖组和病理性肥胖组术后最大屈曲、伸直度数较非肥胖组小,但是改善幅度仍相当,差异无显著性(P＞0.05).肥胖组和病理性肥胖组围手术期并发症明显增高(P＜0.05),在总共93例(181膝)中,有14膝(9.2%)出现伤口并发症,其中1膝(0.5%)感染,感染发生于术后10周内,与伤口并发症有关;2膝(1.3%)内侧副韧带损伤.超重组166例(258膝)中有6膝(2.3%)出现伤口并发症,无感染及内侧副韧带损伤病例.非肥胖组61例(81膝)中有1膝(1%)出现伤口并发症,无感染及内侧副韧带损伤病例.结论TKR是进展期OA患者有效的治疗措施,肥胖并不是膝关节置换手术的障碍.但围手术期并发症增多,包括伤口愈合、感染、内侧副韧带损伤,应注意伤口缝合技术和保护内侧副韧带.     

不同时辰刺激大鼠的交叉上核对血浆中皮质酮含量的影响

应用拉丁方设计，在不同体重组的大鼠，于不同时辰，对交叉上核采取不同强度的刺激，用放射免疫法测定外周血中皮质酮的含量。其结果显示：各体重组间无显著性差异，不同时辰血浆皮质酮的平均含量各组呈现基本相同的节律性变化，无论何时辰刺激交叉上核使之兴奋，均可显著提高血浆皮质酮的含量。完全损毁交叉上核后７２小时血浆皮质酮含量和正常对照组无显著性差异，且其节律性也没有出现明显变化。     

Care of the child in a body cast

Caring for a child in a body cast is a stressful situation for most families and many families state they do not receive adequate information on how to care for their child. This paper presents a comprehensive guide on caring for a child in a body cast. It examines the physical care issues, transportation and cast care. An instrument for assessing the family’s ability to cope with caring for a child in a body cast is described, and further resources for parents and nurses are presented.     

成都市中老年健身女性体成分指标与骨密度和骨代谢指标的相关性研究

目的探讨体重、体重指数(BMI)等体成分指标对中老年健身运动女性骨密度的影响及体成分指标与骨代谢指标、骨密度指标的关系。方法94例成都市城区健身运动女性根据BMI不同分为三组:低体重组(BMI≤20kg/m2)、正常体重组(20kg/m225kg/m2),采用Osteospace超声骨密度仪测定跟骨的BUA、SOS、STI骨密度指标;全自动生化分析仪测定血清AKP含量;应用放射免疫法测定血清hCT、BGP、IL-6、E2、TNF含量。应用方差分析和偏相关方法进行统计学处理。结果不同BMI组的体重、体重指数、瘦体重和体脂百分比差异显著,低体重组T-score与正常体重组、超重组比较有极显著差异;低体重组SOS、STI骨密度指标显著低于正常体重组;BUA、SOS、STI骨密度指标与体重、体重指数、瘦体重和体脂百分比呈正相关,与hCT、IL-6、TNF、BGP、AKP呈正相关,与E2呈负相关。低体重组骨量减少、骨质疏松发生率最高。结论体重、体重指数等体成分指标是影响中老年健身运动女性BMD的重要因素,保持体重有利于防止骨丢失和预防骨质疏松发生。     

先天性心脏病导管介入治疗对小儿生长发育和内分泌功能的影响

目的　了解先天性心脏病 (CHD)导管介入治疗对患儿生长发育和内分泌功能的影响。方法　测定 4 2例CHD患儿导管介入治疗前后的身高、体重和三碘甲状腺原氨酸 (T3)、甲状腺素 (T4 )、促甲状腺素 (TSH)、生长激素(HGH)。结果　治疗前后身高、体重的增长速度明显改善 ,而T3、T4、TSH、HGH无明显改变。结论　导管介入治疗能明显改善先心病患儿生长发育而不会影响患儿的内分泌功能     

极低出生体重儿两种喂养效果观察

目的:探讨极低出生体重儿(VLBW)的早期微量持续鼻饲喂养(CNG)与间断鼻饲喂养(ING)的喂养耐受性及喂养效果.方法:将60例VLBW进行随机分组,CNG组起始奶量1-2ml/h,以后泵速增加1-2ml/h.ING组奶量以1-2ml/kg开始, 以后每天增加1-2ml/kg/次.所有VLBW均同时进行部分静脉营养,直至达到完全胃肠道喂养时间(FEF).对比两组喂养不耐受性、达到FEF、停止静脉补液时间及黄疸持续时间.结果:CNG组较ING组患儿发生腹胀、呕吐者明显减少(P＜0.05),黄疸持续时间、吸吮动作出现时间及住院时间较对照组明显缩短(P＜0.05),但两组体重增长情况统计学无差异(P＞0.05).结论:CNG更适合VLBW的早期微量喂养.     

低分子肝素钙联合辛伐他汀治疗不稳定型心绞痛疗效观察

目的探讨低分子肝素联合辛伐他汀治疗不稳定型心绞痛的疗效。方法将100例不稳定型心绞痛患者随机分为对照组50例和观察组50例。对照组仅采取常规治疗（硝酸酯类、β-受体阻滞剂、钙拮抗剂、阿司匹林等），观察组在常规治疗的基础上加用低分子肝素和辛伐他汀，观察比较各组的疗效。结果观察组总有效率为90．0％，对照组总有效率为60．0％，两组疗效比较差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。结论低分子肝素联合辛伐他汀治疗不稳定型心绞痛取得满意的疗效。     

体部表面线圈磁共振成像对肛瘘的术前诊断价值

目的:探讨体部表面线圈MRI对肛瘘的术前诊断价值。材料和方法:回顾性分析42例肛瘘患者,均于术前进行非增强MRI检查,将MRI结果与手术结果对照。结果:MRI诊断结果与手术结果一致,其中23例为括约肌间型,5例经括约肌型,5例括约肌上型,9例括约肌外型,所有病例中有12例可见肛周脓肿形成。结论:MRI作为一种安全、准确的肛瘘检查方法,对于肛瘘的术前诊断具有非常重要的价值。