体重对腰椎后路开窗减压手术疗效的影响

目的对不同体重老年腰椎管狭窄患者行单纯腰椎后路开窗减压手术,并评价其治疗效果。方法回顾性分析1996年12月～2002年12月间145例因老年腰椎管狭窄而采用单纯腰椎后路开窗减压手术治疗患者的病例资料,结合问卷调查患者对手术的满意程度,比较不同体重患者住院期间及术后症状改善情况,评估手术疗效。结果不同体重患者术后腰腿疼痛明显缓解、日常生活质量改善,患者对手术的满意率达67.59%。而且患者的各种统计数据表明,不同体重组之间差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论体重在一定程度上影响老年腰椎管狭窄患者的手术治疗结果。单纯腰椎后路开窗减压手术,可以达到较为理想的治疗效果。     

Evaluation of the epidermal refractive index measured by optical coherence tomography

BACKGROUND/AIMS: It has recently been proposed that the refractive index (RI) measured by means of optical coherence tomography (OCT) may be a valid measure for hydration of skin. In this pilot study, using OCT in vivo, we aimed to investigate the interday variability of RI measurements and acute changes of RI following the application of a moisturizer. METHODS: Twenty healthy Caucasian volunteers were investigated on their forearms using a commercially available OCT system (SkinDex 300, ISIS optronics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) fitted with an integrated algorithm for the evaluation of the RI. The interday repeatability of the OCT method was determined performing symmetrical measurements on both forearms on day 1, 5, 9, and 13. In order to investigate the acute effect of a moisturizer on RI, OCT assessments were performed before and 10 min after the application of an aqueous lotion with a lipophilic phase. As a control, the contralateral site was investigated in the same way, except for the use of distilled water instead of the lotion. RESULTS: Assessments of interday variability revealed insignificant (P>0.05) variances between the four measurement times as expressed in very small repeatability coefficients (right arm: 0.039; left arm 0.053) and small coefficients of variance (right arm: 1.02%; left arm: 1.38%). With regard to the RIs measured over time, we could not observe significant (P>0.05) differences between the two symmetrical anatomic sites (mean+/-SD of RI: 1.3893+/-0.0142 (right arm); 1.3875+/-0.0192 (left arm)). The acute effect of the moisturizer was indicated by a significant decrease of the RI 5 min after the application of the lotion (1.399+/-0.01 vs. 1.387+/-0.02; difference between means: 0.012; P=0.033; 95% confidence interval: 0.001-0.0023). However the control site treated with distilled water did not show significant differences between the two measurement times (1.387+/-0.013 vs. 1.391+/-0.023; difference between means: -0.004; P=0.57; 95% confidence interval: -0.019-0.011). CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot study, we have demonstrated that RI evaluation via OCT is a promising technique that may be used for the assessment of skin hydration in vivo. However, the direct comparison of OCT with standard methods, ideally such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, is necessary.     

Discrepancy of xenon concentrations between end-tidal and blood collection methods in xenon-enhanced computed tomographic measurement of cerebral blood flow

Summary Using xenon-enhanced computed tomography for the study of cerebral blood flow, simultaneous measurements of end-tidal and arterial blood xenon concentrations using the blood collection method were performed to investigate the validity of substituting the end-tidal for the arterial blood xenon concentration. Simultaneous measurement by both methods was performed 68 times in 27 patients. There was no statistical correlation between the arterial blood accumulation rate constant obtained by arterial blood and end-tidal samples, nor between the arterial blood saturation value obtained by the two methods, even when correction was made for age. In brain tissue, all parameters calculated using the end-tidal concentration were lower than those using arterial blood. We therefore suggest that cerebral blood flow values calculated using end-tidal xenon concentration are useful only for qualitative cerebral blood flow mapping, and not applicable to absolute values of cerebral blood flow.     

292例国人正常胎儿枕额径及双顶径的外测量分析

经对292例正常胎儿枕额径和双顶径的外测量,结果表明,枕额径和双顶径都随着胎龄的增长而增大,但其生长速度则随着胎龄的增长而逐渐减慢。经回归分析原理,分别得出预测方程。枕额径增长的速度和双顶径增长的速度没有明显差异(P>0.05)。     

The onset of ablation of the evoked adductor pollicis muscle twitch in children: a clinical perspective

The time to loss of the adductor pollicis muscle response to ulnar nerve stimulation at 1 Hz (twitch) after succinylcholine, 1.5 mg.kg-1 intravenously (IV), or vecuronium, 0.1 mg.kg-1 (IV), administration was assessed visually in 134 children, age 2-13 yr, during clinically determined, deep halothane, enflurane and isoflurane anaesthesia. The overall time to twitch ablation and duration of succinylcholine's action is in agreement with published times obtained under controlled experimental conditions; the onset time following vecuronium is comparable to those observed during a similar anaesthetic background measured under controlled experimental conditions. Twitch ablation after succinylcholine was achieved in half the time needed following vecuronium regardless of anaesthetic agent. Succinylcholine's and vecuronium's onset time as well as succinylcholine's duration is adequately assessed by the outlined, simple clinical means. The choice of inhalation agent does not affect the time to visible twitch ablation in a clinically relevant manner; nor does it make an appreciable difference, in clinical terms, in succinylcholine's duration of action.     

亚硝酸盐法测定超氧化物歧化酶活性

用亚硝酸盐、氰化钾抑制区别法测定样品中的 Cu,Zn-SOD 和 Mn-SOD,灵敏度高,重现性好,操作简便。实验表明,抑制率达50%时所需 SOD 的浓度为0.07 μg/ml,其批内和批间的变异系数分别为6.0%和5.5%,鸡肝 Cu,Zn-SOD 与 KCN 的抑制复合物的表观解离常数 K′为288.6±45.5 μmol。     

Correlations between bone mineral density and demographic, lifestyle, and biochemical variables in community-dwelling Japanese women 69 years of age and over

Introduction A few epidemiologic studies have comprehensively attempted to identify risk factors for low bone mineral density (BMD) in elderly Asian women. The purpose of this study was to identify demographic, lifestyle, and biochemical factors correlated with BMD in elderly Japanese women 69 years of age and over.Methods The study design was cross-sectional. The subjects were 583 ambulatory women aged 69 years and over, and their average age was 74.3 (SD 4.4) years. Predictor variables were age, reproductive history, anthropometric indices, grip strength, calcium intake, lifestyle information, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)₂D), osteocalcin (OC), and undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) values. The outcome variable was forearm BMD measured with a DTX-200 osteometer.Results Simple linear regression analyses showed that BMD was significantly positively associated with body height, weight, body mass index, grip strength, serum albumin concentration, and “housework,” and negatively associated with age, years since menopause, age at menarche, number of children, serum 1,25(OH)₂D concentration, serum OC concentration, and ucOC concentration. The stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that weight (β=0.00316, SE=0.00028, R²=0.180), age (β=−0.00321, SE=0.00050, R²=0.108), log-transformed serum OC (β=−0.0445, SE=0.0064, R²=0.053), log-transformed serum 1,25(OH)₂D (β=−0.0401, SE=0.0074, R²=0.050), “farmwork” (β=0.00904, SE=0.00426, R²=0.005), and serum 25(OH)D concentration (β=0.000281, SE=0.000120, R²=0.003) were significantly associated with BMD.Conclusion It was concluded that body weight is a major predictor of forearm BMD among the factors measured in this study in independent Japanese women 69 years of age and over and that serum 1,25(OH)₂D concentration may be associated with cortical BMD. Maintenance of body weight is very important for maintaining BMD in this population, unless a large weight aggravates obesity-related diseases. A follow-up study is needed to confirm these findings.     

ROOT ZX根管长度测量仪临床应用评价

目的 评价森田ROOT ZX根管长度测量仪临床应用价值.方法 用根管长度测量仪对108例根管进行根管测量,以此长度进行根管预备后,按测量长度插入牙胶尖摄X线牙片,计算出实际根管长度,求得测量准确率.结果 ROOT ZX测量准确率为92.6%.结论 ROOT ZX根管长度测量仪应用安全可靠、准确率高.     

体重指数对全膝关节置换术后功能的影响

目的回顾性分析体重指数(BMI)对骨关节炎(OA)患者全膝关节置换术(TKA)后功能的影响.方法由同一组医生使用同一种假体对320例(520膝)骨关节炎患者行全膝关节置换.按体重指数分为4组非肥胖组(BMI＜25.0 kg/m2)、超重组(BMI 25.1～27.0 kg/m2)、肥胖组(BMI 27.1～30.0kg/m2)和病理性肥胖组(BMI＞30.0 kg/m2),分别记录术前及随访时HSS膝评分、功能评分、膝关节最大屈曲、伸直度数和并发症.结果术前超重组、肥胖组和病理性肥胖组功能评分较非肥胖组低(P＜0.05),但膝评分差异无显著性.通过平均28.3个月的随访,无论膝评分和功能评分各组术后均明显提高,各组提高的幅度比较差异无显著性.虽然超重组、肥胖组和病理性肥胖组术后最大屈曲、伸直度数较非肥胖组小,但是改善幅度仍相当,差异无显著性(P＞0.05).肥胖组和病理性肥胖组围手术期并发症明显增高(P＜0.05),在总共93例(181膝)中,有14膝(9.2%)出现伤口并发症,其中1膝(0.5%)感染,感染发生于术后10周内,与伤口并发症有关;2膝(1.3%)内侧副韧带损伤.超重组166例(258膝)中有6膝(2.3%)出现伤口并发症,无感染及内侧副韧带损伤病例.非肥胖组61例(81膝)中有1膝(1%)出现伤口并发症,无感染及内侧副韧带损伤病例.结论TKR是进展期OA患者有效的治疗措施,肥胖并不是膝关节置换手术的障碍.但围手术期并发症增多,包括伤口愈合、感染、内侧副韧带损伤,应注意伤口缝合技术和保护内侧副韧带.     

睡眠状态下人体生理信号模糊分析系统的研究

采用LabVIEW技术完成对心电、呼吸、无创血氧和无创血压信号的采集与处理,而后通过MATLAB模糊测量系统对采集的人体生理信号进行模糊预测分析。通过实验检验了人体生理信号检测、处理和模糊预测分析方法的可靠性。LabVIEW技术对人体生理信号的模糊预测分析是有效的,可用于检测阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者的生理状态信号。