胆必清对内毒素诱导的大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞内游离钙浓度的影响

目的：探讨中药胆必清对内毒素诱导的大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞游离钙浓度的影响。方法：制备大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞并在体外进行孵育,使用荧光探针用荧光法测定钙浓度。巨噬细胞随机分为正常对照组,内毒素LPS组,小、中和大剂量中药组。结果：LPS能诱导巨噬细胞[Ca2^ ]i的升高。加入胆必清后,[Ca2^ ]i可有不同程度的降低。结论：胆必清能抑制LPS诱导的大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞内的[Ca2^ ]i升高,提示该药具有抗炎和免疫调节作用。     

细菌脂多糖对人外周血单核细胞来源的树突状细胞发育和功能的影响

目的 :探讨细菌脂多糖 (LPS)对正常成人外周血单核细胞来源的树突状细胞 (Dendritic cell,DC)表面分子表达及免疫功能的影响。方法 :分离正常人 (n=5 )外周血单个核细胞 (PBMC)以 GM-CSF、IL-4联合诱生 DC,实验组在培养的第 2天加入LPS,正常对照组不加。于第 4、8天 FACS检测 DC表面分子 CD1a、CD14、CD83、CD80、HL A-DR的表达。同期检测 DC的增殖和刺激同种异体 T淋巴细胞的增殖情况。结果 :经 LPS刺激后 ,正常人 DC早期、晚期表面分子 CD1a、CD83、CD80表达增高 ,CD14表达降低 (P<0 .0 5 )。DC数量的增加及刺激同种异体 T细胞能力明显增强。结论 :GM-SF、IL-4和 L PS联合刺激能促进正常人 DC的成熟和免疫功能的提高     

Pyroptosis-induced inflammation and tissue damage

Pyroptosis is a programmed necrotic cell death executed by gasdermins, a family of pore-forming proteins. The cleavage of gasdermins by specific proteases enables their pore-forming activity. The activation of the prototype member of the gasdermin family, gasdermin D (GSDMD), is linked to innate immune monitoring by inflammasomes. Additional gasdermins such as GSDMA, GSDMB, GSDMC, and GSDME are activated by inflammasome-independent mechanisms. Pyroptosis is emerging as a key host defense strategy against pathogens. However, excessive pyroptosis causes cytokine storm and detrimental inflammation leading to tissue damage and organ dysfunction. Consequently, dysregulated pyroptotic responses contribute to the pathogenesis of various diseases, including sepsis, atherosclerosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and neurodegenerative disorders. This review will discuss the inflammatory consequences of pyroptosis and the mechanisms of pyroptosis-induced tissue damage and disease pathogenesis.     

The BCG controversy

The history of tuberculosis control by vaccination with Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is reviewed. Use of the vaccine is evaluated in light of conflicting results from trials of BCG efficacy. Explanatinations are suggested for the variations between trials, and the continued use of BCG as a vaccine against tuberculosis is discussed.     

The construction ofSchistosoma Japonicum vaccine BCG-Sj26GST and its identification

Summary The expression of foreign gene,Schistosoma Japonicum 26 ku antigen (Sj26GST),in Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG),Mycobacterium CM. smegmatis) andEscherichia coli (E. coli) were studied. The cDNA fragment encoding Sj26GST was amplified by PCR using plasmid pGEX, which could express Sj26GST inE. coli as template. The Sj26GST cDNA was cloned into the downstream of humanM. tuberculosis heat shock protein (hsp) 70 promoter with correct reading frame, and then the DNA fragment containing hsp70 promoter and Sj26GST gene were subcloned together intoE. coli-Mycobacteria shuttle plasmid pBCG-2000 to construct the expression shuttle plasmid pBCG-Sj26. The recombinant BCG andM. smegmatis mc²155, which were electroplated with pBCG-Sj26, could express Sj26GST and the recombinantSchistosoma Japonicum vaccine BCG-Sj26GST was made. The recombinant Sj26GST (rSj26GST) were soluble and could be observed on SDS-PAGE at molecular weight of 26 ku. The content of rSj26GST accounted for 15% and 10% of total bacterial protein in BCG andM. smegmatis respectively. The results of Western blot showed the combination of rSj26GST with antibody of GST. This project was supported by Primary Foundation of China (No. 94-Y-19), Chinese National Nature Science Foundation (No. 339480022) and Chinese Health Foundation (No. 94-1-131).     

Production of 5–15 µm Diameter Alginate-Polylysine Microcapsules by an Air-Atomization Technique

A novel method of preparing small-sized microcapsules using a Turbotak air-atomizer is reported. Alginate-polylysine microcapsules containing Bacillus Calmette Guérin vaccine have been prepared by an adaptation of the method of Lim (1) which allows the manufacture of small-sized microcapsules. A Turbotak is used to spray sodium alginate solution into calcium chloride solution to form temporary calcium alginate microgel capsules. These temporary microgel droplets are subsequently cross-linked with polylysine to form permanent membranes. Microcapules in the size range of 5–15 µm have been produced which can be compared to an average diameter of 300 µm obtained by the method reported by Lim. The microcapsule size is dependent on the conditions of operation of the Turbotak and the concentration of the sodium alginate solution. Particles within the size range 5–15 µm can be reproducibly manufactured using the conditions of operation reported here. Other size ranges below the minimum of 300 µm reported by Lim are also feasible using this technique.     

Cytostatic effect of different strains of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin on human bladder cancer cells in vitro alone and in combination with mitomycin C and Interferon-α

Summary The cytostatic activity of five Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) strains (Pasteur, Evans, Tice, RIVM and Connaught) on human transitional cell cancer T24 cells was examined. A striking effect was noted even in 2-day cultures, and the effect was more pronounced when the cells were incubated for 5 days with different BCG strains alone. The concentrations needed were about the same as those used in clinical practice (10⁹ colonyforming units of Pasteur strain in 100 ml buffered saline solution). Combination with mitomycin C or interferon--2b potentiated the cytostatic effect. A slight difference in cytostatic activity between different BCG strains was found.     

Risks of BCG intralesional therapy: an experience with melanoma.

A nearly fatal allergic reaction to intratumor BCG injections was associated with a complete remission of recurrent malignant melanoma. Clinical course and histologic sections suggested both anaphylactic and Arthus reactions. The occurrence of reactions at BCG injection sites as well as at uninjected sites of tumor suggests common BCG and melanoma antigens. The management of events involved in this often fatal postimmunotherapy complication involves the early administration of parenteral fluids, antituberculous therapy, antihistamines, and possible steroids. The prophylactic use of antihistamines and an in-hospital administration of intralesional BCG immunotherapy are strongly suggested. In the future, prophylactic INH may prove to be both therapeutically efficacious and protective against infectious complications.     

卡介菌多糖核酸降低合胞病毒感染哮喘的研究

目的 观察卡介菌多糖核酸注射液以呼吸道合胞病毒感染后哮喘的预防作用。方法 每周2次，疗程3个月。结果 应用卡介菌多糖核酸注射的患儿哮喘发生率降低。结论 卡介菌多糖核酸注射液能降低呼吸道合胞病毒感染后哮喘患病率。     

CO_2激光联合卡介菌多糖核酸肌肉注射治疗女性尖锐湿疣

目的 :评价卡介菌多糖核酸联合CO2 激光治疗女性尖锐湿疣 (CA)的疗效。方法 :治疗组 :CO2 激光治疗后采用卡介菌多糖核酸肌肉注射 ,与对照组单用CO2 激光治疗相比较。结果 :两组经二次CO2 激光治疗后复发率分别为8.3%、31.0 % ,治疗组复发率显著低于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ,未见明显不良反应。结论 :卡介菌多糖核酸联合CO2 激光治疗女性尖锐湿疣 ,可提高治愈率 ,有效降低复发率 ,安全可靠。