Epidural pethidine and bupivacaine in labour

A double-blind randomised study was performed to assess the value of the addition of pethidine 50 mg to the initial dose of bupivacaine given for epidural analgesia in labour. Forty-nine patients received either 1 ml of saline (n = 24), or 50 mg of pethidine (n = 25), added to 9 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine as an initial injection for intrapartum epidural analgesia. There was a significant increase in the mean duration of analgesia in the pethidine group. However, pethidine did not increase the speed of onset of analgesia, or improve the quality of analgesia.     

植物化学物对健康影响的研究进展

近年来人们逐渐认识到多吃蔬菜和水果有益于健康，因为这些植物性食物中含有一些生物活性物质——植物化学物(phytochemicals)，它们具有保护人体和预防诸如心血管病和癌症等慢性疾病的作用。本将对植物化学物的总体研究状况加以综述。     

抗人精浆蛋白McAb的制备及其特性研究

本文报道用杂交瘤技术建立了２株分泌抗人精浆蛋白单克隆抗体的细胞株Ｄ１和Ｃ１２。Ｄ１株分泌的抗体为ＩｇＭ，Ｃ１２株为ＩｇＧ３。这两株均能与正常人精浆和无精子症患者的精浆产生特异性免疫反应。Ｄ１株单抗具有补体依赖性制动人精子的作用，间接免疫荧光试验表明，它能结合到人精子颈部和顶体后区。这充分说明２株单抗是特异性抗人精浆的，Ｄ１是精子制动抗体，其相应的精子抗原属于精子外套抗原成分之一。     

Contrast agents in functional MR imaging

Contrast agents have greatly expanded the role of MR imaging (MRI) to allow assessment of physiologic, or “functional,” parameters. Although activation mapping generally does not require contrast agents, other forms of functional MRI, including mapping of cerebral hemodynamics (eg, perfusion imaging), are best done with the use of contrast agents. Serial echo planar images are obtained after bolus injection of lanthanide chelates. Application of susceptibility contrast physics and standard tracer kinetic principles permits generation of relative cerebral blood volume maps. Deconvolution of cerebral blood flow and mean transit time parameters is also possible within technical limitations. By using diffusion and perfusion pulse sequences, an imaging correlate to the ischemic penumbra can be identified. Functional MRI perfusion imaging of intraaxial tumors is analogous to positron emission tomography for delineation of metabolic activity, yet may be even more sensitive to neovascularity and possesses improved image quality. Clinical applications include biopsy site selection and postirradiation follow-up. Further improvements in data analysis and map generation techniques may improve diagnostic accuracy and utility.     

Evaluation of portal MR angiography using superparamagnetic iron oxide

The purpose of our research was to determine the effects of superparamagnetic iron oxide on MR imaging of the portal venous system. Eight piglets were examined in deep anaesthesia and respiratory arrest using a time-of-flight magnetic resonance fast low angle shot, two-dimensional angiography sequence at 1.5T. MR angiograms were acquired precontrast and after intravenous administration of a cumulative dose of 10, 20 and 40 μmol/kg SHU 555A, a superparamagnetic iron oxide contrast agent for MR imaging with a particle size of 60 nm. For each dose, two subsequent sets of scans were obtained and reconstructed by a maximum-intensity-projection algorithm. Hepatic parenchymal and portal venous signal intensities were measured, and portal vein contrast calculated for each set of scans. All examinations were visually rated as to portal vein contrast and homogeneity by two blinded observers. Receiver operating characteristics of both observers were analyzed. The contrast agent reduced hepatic parenchymal signal in a dose-dependent way. After a cumulative dose of 10 μmol iron oxide, hepatic parenchymal signal intensity decreased to 63 ± 6% (average of measurements at 4 and 14 minutes, mean ± standard error of the mean), after 20 μmol to 24 ± 3%, and after 40 μmol to 12 ± 1% of control. Intra-vascular signal in the left main portal vein branch increased to 117 ± 6%, 127 ± 10%, and 133 ± 9% of control, respectively. The contrast-to-noise ratio of the portal vein improved (521 ± 90%, 891 ± 178%, and 995 ± 201% of control in the left portal vein main branch). Intravascular signal intensities increased slightly. The combined effect improved contrast of the portal vein stem and its branches. Receiver operating characteristics analysis documented dose-dependency of contrast medium effects on portal venous contrast and intravascular homogeneity. Visual rating also indicated a positive effect on portal venous contrast. The superparamagnetic iron oxide agent improved portal venous contrast with surrounding hepatic parenchyma in this normal animal model, and could potentially result in more accurate diagnosis of portal venous pathology.     

润滑油抗泡机理的研究 Ⅱ.助泡剂对泡沫倾向的影响及抗泡剂配伍性能

考察了各类添加剂在不同浓度、温度及不同基础油中的泡沫倾向,并测定了这些条件下体系的表面张力。从表面化学角度解释了添加剂对泡沫性质的影响,并通过对抗泡剂配伍性能的研究,验证了消泡机制:抗泡剂须具备高的表面活性才能吸附于泡膜表面,降低泡膜的表面粘弹性,改变膜的流变性能,从而起消泡作用。     

Successful Treatment of Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome with Prednisone and Epsilon-Aminocaproic Acid

The Kasabach-Merritt syndrome is characterized by thrombocytopenia and localized coagulopathy associated with a hemangioma. Most techniques applied to eradicate the tumor or accelerate its involution (surgery, radiation therapy, embolization) are invasive and require transfusion of large amounts of blood products. In some cases, medical treatment is the only alternative. Efficacy of steroids and antifibronolytic agents has already been described, but even this approach is associated with the administration of blood products. We report two cases of infants with Kasabach-Merritt syndrome associated with cardiac and hepatic hemangiomas. At admission, both had signs of cardiac failure. They were successfully treated with prednisone and epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA). Blood products were not required once the diagnosis was made. These observations have important implications for the management of patients with Kasabach-Merritt syndrome because they show that even in severe cases blood transfusions can be avoided by the use of prednisone and EACA.     

短效催眠药唑吡坦和三唑仑对人体前庭功能的影响

目的 :探讨两种短效催眠药唑吡坦和三唑仑对人体前庭功能的影响 ,为在应急条件下对飞行员服用该药提供试验依据。方法 :8名受试者 ,采用三阶段交叉双盲给药设计方法 ,分别交叉服用三唑仑 (0 .2 5mg)、唑吡坦 (10mg)、安慰剂 ,每次间隔 1周 ,在服药前 1h及服药后1、2、3、4、6、8、10h分别进行一组前庭功能测试 ,包括视动性眼震 (OKN)、前庭眼动反射 (VOR)、前庭眼动反射固视抑制 (VOR -Fix)、视前庭眼动反射 (VVOR)。结果 :与安慰剂组比较 ,服用唑吡坦和三唑仑后均能显著降低VOR、OKN、SPT增益 ,在服药 2h后降到最低〔VOR :(0 .5 1± 0 .0 4 ) ,(0 .5 2± 0 .0 5 )vs (0 .6 7± 0 .13) ;OKN :(0 .32± 0 .0 2 ) ,(0 .6 2± 0 .0 6 )vs (0 .82± 0 .0 7) ;SPT :(0 .71± 0 .14 ) ,(0 .6 6± 0 .0 6 )vs (0 .93± 0 .0 3)〕。其中唑吡坦对OKN增益的降低要强于三唑仑 ,但这种影响持续时间不长 ,在服药 6h后即消失。两种短效催眠药对VVOR增益、SPT相位及VOR -Fix均无明显影响。结论 :唑吡坦及三唑仑对人体前庭功能具有一定的影响 ,但这种影响持续时间较短 ,对人体的空间定向及平衡能力无残留后遗效应     

Therapeutic options for severe, refractory status asthmaticus: inhalational anaesthetic agents, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and helium/oxygen ventilation

Despite improvements in supportive care, the mortality and morbidity of asthma remain constant. The risks and incidence of morbidity related to barotrauma remain high in patients that require mechanical ventilation. The authors present three alternative strategies including the inhalation of anaesthetic agents, helium/oxygen ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation which may be beneficial when 'conventional therapies' fail in the intubated patient with status asthmaticus.     

红景天素抗肿瘤作用的研究

本研究通过体外培养５种人癌细胞（肝癌、胃癌、肺癌、Ｈｅｌａ细胞和咽癌）和小鼠移植性肿瘤实验，证明了红景天素可明显抑制３种癌细胞的生长增殖，可提高荷瘤小鼠的存活率，延长其生存期，抑瘤率在５０％以上。结果提示红景天素对体外培养３种癌细胞和小鼠Ｓ１８０。细胞均有一定的抑制作用。