HSV2 acute retinal necrosis: diagnosis and monitoring with quantitative polymerase chain reaction

Purpose To describe a case of HSV2 acute retinal necrosis (ARN) diagnosed and monitored with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in ocular fluids. Design Case report. Methods Quantitative PCR was performed in the aqueous humor (AH) and vitreous using primers specific for herpes virus. Results A positive PCR was found for HSV2 in the AH (>100,000,000 viral copies − 8.00 log/ml). After therapy, another anterior chamber tap showed a reduction of the viral load at 4.28 log/ml (19205 copies), confirming the efficacy of the treatment. After six months, PCR on the vitreous still showed the presence of HSV2 viral particles in the eye (3.14 log DNA copies/ml, 1379 copies) although the lesion was healed. Conclusions This case demonstrates that PCR is useful to detect viral DNA in AH and vitreous and to monitor viral activity and therapeutic response. Viral DNA persists in ocular fluids for months in the presence of a healed infection.     

Epstein - Barr virus Pneumonitis

Epstein-Barr virus is an unusual pathogen in the aetiology of alveolitis. We describe a case of Epstein-Barr virus induced pneumonitis and its successful treatment with Aciclovir.     

阿昔洛韦包合物硬胶囊的制备及质量控制

目的:制备阿昔洛韦包合物硬胶囊并建立其质量控制方法。方法:采用饱和水溶液法制备包合物,以紫外分光光度法测定其中主药含量,并考察阿昔洛韦包合物硬胶囊和市售阿昔洛韦片的体外溶出度。结果:阿昔洛韦包合物为白色粉末状固体;阿昔洛韦检测浓度的线性范围为5～25μg·mL~(-1)(r=0.999 9),平均回收率为99.89%(RSD=0.72%);包合物硬胶囊和片在30 min时体外溶出度分别为(93.07±0.73)%、(81.13±0.60)%。结论:本制剂制备方法简便,与市售阿昔洛韦片相比阿昔洛韦的体外溶出度显著提高。     

One episode of meningoencephalitis, three diagnoses

Meningo-encephalitis is a set of threatening diseases. The treatment needs to be started quickly for pathogens such as herpes simplex virus type 1 or Listeria monocytogenes. Apart from these classical etiologies, many other diseases may induce meningo-encephalitis. We report the case of a patient, infected with HIV, who presented a history of meningo-encephalitis due to herpes simplex type 1. Three weeks later, he presented an encephalopathy due to aciclovir and then we discovered a chronic meningitis in relation with his HIV infection.     

阿昔洛韦眼用凝胶在兔离体角膜中的渗透释药行为研究

目的:研究阿昔洛韦眼用凝胶在兔离体角膜中的渗透释药行为。方法:以谷胱甘肽缓冲液作为释放介质,采用高效液相色谱法测定阿昔洛韦眼用凝胶及阿昔洛韦滴眼液在兔离体角膜中的累积渗透释药量,并绘制曲线。结果:阿昔洛韦眼用凝胶的渗透释药曲线符合一级释药方程;0·25h时阿昔洛韦滴眼液的累积渗透释药量高于阿昔洛韦眼用凝胶,0·25h以后则相反。结论:在给药后很短时间内(0·25h),阿昔洛韦滴眼液的房水药物浓度要高于阿昔洛韦眼用凝胶,但凝胶在眼部滞留时间较长,且角膜有一定的药物储库作用。     

几种药物片剂的红外光谱鉴别研究

目的建立快速鉴别药物片剂的红外分光光度法。方法重结晶快速提取药物片剂的活性成分,傅立叶红外分光光度计测定红外光谱。结果甲硝唑片等5种片剂的红外光谱均与对照品图谱或对照图谱一致。结论所建方法专属性强、灵敏度高,操作简便,可作为药物片剂快速鉴别的有效方法。     

阿昔洛韦甘油腮腺内灌注治疗贝尔麻痹的临床研究

目的;根据贝尔麻痹病因学研究进展,结合面神经解剖的特点,设计从腮腺导管口灌注阿昔洛韦甘油治疗贝尔麻痹的方法,旨在探索新的给药途径。方法：67例贝尔麻痹病人随机（抛硬币抽样法）分为治疗组33例,对照组34例,两组年龄、就诊前病程（分别经t检验,P＞0．05）及临床表现（经x^2检验,P＞0．05）,均有可比性。治疗组用5％阿昔洛韦甘油（每2ml中含阿昔洛韦0.1g,地塞米松1mg)灌注患侧腮腺,每日1次。对照组给口服阿昔洛韦0.2g,每日5次。两组均给呋喃硫胺注射液20mg和VitB120.5mg,iM,每日1次。对照组并辅以针灸治疗,疗程均为2周。结果：治疗组总有效率100％,对照组97.06%,阿昔洛韦局部应用获得与口服相同治疗效果（经Ridit分析,P＞0．05）。治疗组（13例）和对照组（15例）治愈病人的实用治愈日数比较（经Ridit分析,P＜0．05）差异有显著性。治疗组优于对照组。结论：阿昔洛韦甘油腮腺内灌注治疗贝尔麻痹疗效确切,治疗操作简单,且无全身给药的毒副作用。     

苦参素治疗慢性乙型肝炎47例

目的:探讨苦参素治疗慢性乙型肝炎的临床疗效.方法:慢性乙型肝炎患者89例,随机分成治疗组47例,给予苦参素600 mg&;#8226;d 1,im,疗程为3个月;对照组42例,给予阿昔洛韦15 mg&;#8226;kg 1&;#8226;d 1,缓慢静脉滴注,1个月后改为阿昔洛韦片100 mg&;#8226;d 1,分5次,po,连用2个月,同时两组均配合使用常规护肝药物.疗程结束时,观察两组患者临床症状、体征、肝功能及乙肝病毒血清学标志(HBV M)的变化.结果:治疗组肝功能的改善率明显高于对照组(P＜0.05);治疗组和对照组HBeAg阴转率分别为53.2%,23.8%(P＜0.05),均未见明显不良反应.结论:苦参素治疗慢性乙型肝炎疗效确切,价格低廉,无严重不良反应,但远期疗效尚待随访.     

泛昔洛韦治疗带状疱疹临床研究

目的 探讨泛昔洛韦（诺克）与阿昔洛韦（无环鸟苷）治疗带状疱疹疗效并对两药的副作用进行比较。方法 将具有典型临床症状的带状疱疹81例，随机分成2组进行治疗观察、研究。并经统计学处理。结果 泛昔洛韦在治愈率及起效时间上均明显优于阿昔洛韦（无环鸟苷），而且副作用小。结论 泛昔洛韦治疗带状疱疹临床疗效肯定，是值得在临床推广使用的新药。     

家犬口服单剂量与多剂量阿昔洛韦缓释胶囊的药物动力学研究

目的　研究健康家犬口服单剂量与多剂量阿昔洛韦缓释胶囊的药物动力学。方法　采用HPLC测定口服药物后的血药浓度 ,计算药动学参数。结果　单剂量时阿昔洛韦缓释胶囊的Tmax、Cmax、AUC0 -τ和AUC0 -∞ 分别为 4.6 7± 0 .41h、1.2 0± 0 .14μg.ml-1、11.34± 1.38μg·h·ml-1和 13.5 8± 2 .0 2 μg·h·ml-1.普通片的上述参数分别为3.5 0± 0 .78h、2 .19± 0 .19μg .ml-1、12 .76± 1.0 1μg·h·ml-1和 13.0 1± 1.16 μg·h·ml-1。多剂量达稳态时阿昔洛韦缓释胶囊的Cmax、Cmin、AUC0 -τ、AUC0 -∞ 、峰谷比 (R)和波动系数 (DF)分别为 1.42± 0 .6 3μg·ml-1、0 .93± 0 .3 6 μg·ml-1、12 .76± 1.0 1μg·h·ml-1、13.0 1± 1.16 μg·h·ml-1、1.5 2± 0 .15和 46 .6 1%± 2 9.34 %;普通片的上述参数分别为(1.72± 0 .2 2 ) μg .ml-1、0 .44± 0 .18μg·ml-1、4.0 0± 0 .46 μg·h·ml-1、4.43± 0 .2 9μg·h·ml-1、4.6 4± 2 .2 8和 12 9.6 9%± 31.2 4%。结论　阿昔洛韦缓释胶囊在健康家犬体内具有明显的缓释作用 ,多剂量达稳态后 ,血药浓度的波动系数显著低于普通片剂。