慢性肾衰竭患者冠状动脉血管成形术治疗现状

冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病是目前严重危害人类健康的慢性疾病之一,具有较高的发病率及病死率。据有关资料统计在慢性肾衰竭患者中,冠心病的发病率显著高于普通人群。随着血液透析技术的发展,慢性肾衰竭患者生存时间延长,缺血性     

带蒂包皮凸缘阴囊皮瓣联合皮管一期治疗尿道下裂

我科1994～2 0 0 2年采用带蒂阴包皮、凸缘阴囊皮瓣联合皮管法行尿道下裂一期成形术16例,取得了满意效果,现报告如下。1　资料与方法1·1　一般资料　本组16例中,年龄1～2 3岁,阴茎型12例,阴茎、阴囊型4例。1·2　手术方法1·2·1　用稀释络合碘消毒尿道口后,在龟头缝扎7号丝线作术中提拉牵引阴茎用,手术完成后固定于下腹壁以牵引固定阴茎于伸直位。1·2·2　矫正阴茎下弯　离冠状沟0 4cm处环形切开包皮,彻底清除纤维索和挛缩组织,使阴茎完全伸直后,尿道口向近侧端退缩1～3cm。1·2·3　带蒂皮管制作及新尿道成形　将退缩之阴茎包皮提起,使…     

先天性无阴道手术8例分析

先天性无阴道是双侧苗勒管发育不全的结果，几乎均合并无子宫或仅有痕迹子宫，但卵巢和输卵管一般正常。这种综合征通常被称为MRKH．综合征，发生率1／4000～1／5000，其特征为：先天性子宫和阴道缺如；正常的卵巢功能，包括排卵；抚养性别女性；表现性别女性，正常的乳房、体态、     

经皮穿刺椎体成形术围手术期护理

目的探讨椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎压缩性骨折、胸腰椎椎体良恶性肿瘤、症状性胸腰椎体血管瘤的护理。方法对我科30例应用经皮椎体成形术治疗脊柱疾病的患者,实施术前心理护理和检查配合,术后加强生命体征的观察、防止并发症的发生及术后康复指导等措施。结果30例术后2~48小时疼痛明显缓解,甚至完全消失,30例患者均无并发症发生。结论经皮椎体成形术是治疗胸腰椎压缩性骨折、胸腰椎椎体良恶性肿瘤、症状性胸腰椎体血管瘤安全有效的方法,可迅速减轻疼痛并改善功能,而细致周到的护理是手术成功的保障。     

单蒂横行腹直肌肌皮瓣乳房再造中Ⅳ区皮瓣的取舍

目的探讨单蒂横行腹直肌肌皮瓣乳房再造术中Ⅳ区皮瓣的取舍。方法通过16例实施单蒂横行腹直肌肌皮瓣乳房再造术，术中观察皮瓣的皮色、断面出血颜色，并利用近红外血氧监测仪测定皮瓣各区的组织血氧饱和度，决定Ⅳ区皮瓣的取舍。术后观察指标包括术后并发症及美学效果。结果16例中5例Ⅳ皮瓣的肤色正常、断面出血呈鲜红色而非暗红色、组织血氧饱和度不低于Ⅲ区组织血氧饱和度的95％。在接受了保留Ⅳ区皮瓣的单蒂横行腹直肌肌皮瓣乳房再造术后，再造乳房全部成活，无严重术后并发症，患者对再造乳房均很满意。结论近红外血氧无创检测有助于决定Ⅳ区皮瓣的取舍。有选择地实施保留Ⅳ区皮瓣的单蒂横行腹直肌肌皮瓣乳房再造术，可用于大面积胸壁缺损或乳腺尾叶的修复重建。     

升主动脉成形术中期效果分析

Objective Reduction ascending aortoplasty is an alternative procdure to the replacement of the ascending aorts in case of ascending aorta dilation. However,its applicabikity is still under debate.This retrospective study was designed to evaluuate the midterm follow-up of unsupported ascending reduction aortoplasty for of the ascending aorta in petients with aortic valve dis- ease.Methods From October ,1996 to April,2007, a total of 54 patients with aortic valve disease and dilatation of the ascending aorta underwent unsupported reduction aortoplasty in combination with aortic valve replacement at our institution The diameter of the ascending aorta was measyred before and early after sugery and then later between 13 and 96 menths [mean (23 ±16)months] posto- perativeiy using echocardiography.Results Two patients were dead with thean overall perioperative mortality rate was of 3.7%. The reduction aortoplasty decreased the diameter of the aorta from (45.77±6.02) mm p～eope～afive]y to (34.67 ～4.81) mm early after surgery (P<0.01). During follow-up, the diameter d aorta increased from (34.67±4.81) mm early after surgery to (37.65± 6.35) mm after a mean follow-up of (23±16) months (P<0.01), including the diameters are greater than > 45 mm within 5 pa- tients. Aortic stenosis and an early postoperative diameter greater than 40 mm m'e independent risk factors for redilatation. Conchusion Because of the unsatisfied midterm follow-up redilation of unsupported reduction aortoplasty for dilation of the ascending aorta with aortic valve disease, this group of patients needs continued intimate fallow-up or even reoperation. The patients of stenosis is the surtable indication for RAA, and it is necessary to reduce the diameter of aorta to be lees than 40 mm to prevent redilation.     

血栓闭塞性脉管炎的腔内治疗

Objective To investigate the value of endovascular surgery for the treatment of thromboangitis obliterans (TAO). Methods Sixteen patients (18 limbs) with thromboangitis obliterans were treated by percutaneous transluminal plasty (PTA). Results Angiographic success on the limb basis was achieved in 15 of 18 treated limbs and the initial technical success rate was 83.34%. Doppler anklebrachial index (ABI) increased from 0.33±0.16 to 0.79±0.23 one week after PTA. The follow-up time was 2～24 months, the average time was 10.84 months. The 3-month, 12-month accumulated primary patency rate were 81.33% and 60. 23% respectively. Conclusion PTA is effective primary invasive treatment for thromboangitis obliterans yielding acceptable primary clinical success with a low complication rate and resulting in moderate long-term clinical patency and a high limb salvage rate.     

经皮椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎椎体转移癌的疗效观察

目的：观察经皮椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎椎体转移癌的效果。方法：对25例胸腰椎椎体转移癌患者的37个椎体在C型臂X线透视下经皮椎体穿刺并注入骨水泥成形，术后按疼痛缓解程度6级评定法及简明健康状况调查表（SF-36）对治疗后患者生活质量进行评估。结果：所有患者术后均未发生感染、脊髓压迫和肺栓塞等并发症。24例患者术后2～72h内疼痛得到不同程度缓解，1例多发脊柱严重破坏者术后疼痛无缓解，术后1周疼痛缓解优良率为72．0％。术后随访3～27个月，平均7个月，根据SF-36评分，患者总体生活质量评分由术前的平均232分提高到末次随访时的平均349分。结论：经皮椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎椎体转移癌安全可行，具有良好的止痛效果．能够有效改善患者的生活质量。     

椎体成形术的疗效分析

采用椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折,可以大提高老年人的生活质量,提前下床活动,减少并发症.现就影响术后疗效的原因分析如下:     

大龄腭裂患者的手术治疗方法与语音治疗效果的对比研究

目的 对单纯行裂隙关闭术和同期行咽后壁咽成形术的大龄腭裂患者,术前、术后发音效果进行检测分析和对比研究,评定手术的治疗效果.方法 对24例同期行腭裂关闭术及咽后壁组织瓣咽成形术治疗和12例单纯行裂隙关闭术的大龄腭裂患者,术前、术后用鼻咽纤维镜检测其腭咽闭合情况,应用通用音频谱分析系统,对本组术后患者腭裂语音进行声学分析.结果 所有腭裂修复术后,创口均达到临床Ⅰ期愈合,语音也有不同程度改善.大龄腭裂患者采用腭裂关闭及同期咽成形术的修复组,术后发音明显优于单纯行裂隙关闭组.结论 大龄腭裂患者,采用腭裂关闭及同期咽成形术,是提高腭咽闭合和改善发音较好的手术方法.