创新教育应构建开放型教学格局

创新教育是知识经济时代教育改革的主旋律，构建开放型教学格局是实施创新教育的重要保障。本文从教学内容、教育环境、教学方式和思维训练等方面进行了探讨。     

野胡萝卜改善认知功能障碍作用的药理学证据

野胡萝卜Daucus carota Linn．几乎在世界范围内均有栽培，且普遍称其为胡萝卜。作者研究了该植物种子乙醇提取物对小鼠认知功能、血清总胆固醇水平及脑胆碱酯酶活性的影响。     

Dronedarone用于维持心房颤动、心房扑动患者的窦律

胺碘酮有效地维持心房颤动（简称房颤）患者的窦律，但可能有严重毒性。Dronedarone是一种与胺碘酮有药理学关系。其研制目的在减少发生副作用的危险。     

参芪扶正注射液对多柔比星致家兔心肌和免疫功能损伤的保护作用

目的观察参芪扶正注射液对多柔比星（阿霉素ADM）导致家兔心肌和免疫功能损伤的保护作用。方法对照组和参芪组家兔各10只，分别以ADM10mg／kg从兔耳静脉输注，2周后重复一次（共两次），同时，对参芪（治疗）组每只兔给予腹腔灌注参芪扶正注射液100ml，每周1次，连续4周，而对照组则以等量生理盐水作腹腔灌注。第5周测定外周血心肌酶谱（CK、CK—MB、AST、LDH、CRP）和免疫功能指标（NK活性和TH／TS比例）。结果参芪组较对照组心肌酶谱（CK、CK—MB、AST、LDH）指标明显为低，P值分别为0．000、0．002、0．033、0．008，参芪组免疫功能指标则高于对照组，NK活性和TH／TS比值分别为P=0．013和P=0．004。结论参芪扶正注射液对ADM导致家兔心肌和免疫功能损伤有明显的保护作用。     

中草药醛糖还原酶抑制剂筛选模型的建立

目的：通过观察中药知母对醛糖还原酶活性的抑制作用，建立一种适用于筛选中草药醛糖还原酶抑制剂的模型。方法：大鼠12只随机分成3组：空白对照组、知母组、阳性药物组，分别给予生理盐水、知母水提液、依帕司他水溶液灌胃。采用“通法”给药方案制备含药血清，部分血清经过丙酮预处理。将知母水提液和含药（知母）血清分别加人体外建立的以DL-甘油醛为底物、NADPH为辅酶的醛糖还原酶活性测定体系。结果：丙酮处理过的空白血清较未处理的空白血清对酶活性的影响更小；知母水提液对醛糖还原酶抑制率达99％，含药（知母）血清对醛糖还原酶抑制率达67％。结论：运用血清药理学实验方法建立的筛选模型能有效、可靠的进行中草药醛糖还原酶抑制剂的筛选。     

Triptolide inhibits T cell activation and proliferation via multiple pathways

Triptolide is potent immunosuppressive has been reported to inhibit autoimmunity, compound isolated from Chinese herbal medicine. Triptolide allograft attributed to the suppression of T cells via NF - kB rejection and GVHD, and its efficacy was previously pathway and apoptosis. In the present study, we detailedly analyzed Triptolide＇ s function on murine primary T cell. We found that Triptolide could inhibit T cell activation and proliferation by dramatically down - regulating cell division and cell cycle. Triptolide inhibited T cell activation in a dose- dependent manner, and the inhibition was mediated by both NF- kB pathway and AP - 1 pathway.     

P17 Pharmacology in the integrated course ＂Basic Medical Sciences＂ in Zhejiang University School of Medicine

According to traditional teaching mode, the courses in preclinical medicine including pharmacology are separately run. This mode causes a series of disadvantages including loose connection between knowledge in different disciplines and weak ability to bridge basic preclinical knowledge and clinical practice. In order to overcome the disadvantages and promote the teaching efficiency, we constructed a new integrated course-Course of Basic Medical Sciences, which includes 6 traditional courses, anatomy, histology and embryology, physiology, pathology, pathophysiology and pharmacology. We integrated these courses based on the human organ systems and according to the principle-＂ From macro to micro, From morphological to functional, From normal to abnormal and From disease to drug therapy＂ and published the series of textbook in 2004. The contents of pharmacology are taught just after pathology and pathophysiology in every organ system. In comparison with the traditional teaching mode, teachers of pharmacology need not spend a lot of time to review preceding knowledge of anatomy and histology, physiology, pathophysiology and pathology. This is helpful in saving time and improving the teaching efficiency.     

金玲子散臣佐药炮制变化对小鼠镇痛、镇静作用的影响

目的：观察金铃子散中臣佐药延胡索的变化对小鼠镇痛、镇静作用的影响。方法：金铃散中延胡索采用醋蒸、醋煮、醋炙等法炮制，以生理盐水为对照组，连续3天给药后，观察各处理组对小鼠自发活动、痛阚以及戊巴比妥钠睡眠的影响。结果：与生理盐水组比较，煮制和炙制组可以明显降低小鼠的自发活动（P〈0.05）；各组能够显著提高小鼠痛阈（P〈0．01），其中煮制组痛阂提高率最高，生制组最低；各处理组均能延长戊巴比妥钠的睡眠时间（P〈0．01）；与生制组比较，炮制变化对其没有显著影响（P〉0．05）。结论：金铃子散臣佐药延胡索炮制变化仅对小鼠镇痛作用具有显著的影响。     

中药血清药理学研究进展

中药血清药理学是指将中药或中药复方经口给动物灌服一定时间后采集动物血液、分离血清,用此含有药物成分的血清进行体外实验的一种实验技术.本文对中药血清药理学实验动物的选择、动物给药方案、含药血清的处理、含药血清的添加量等方面进行了综述,并分别做出评价,阐明了血清药理学在现代中药,作为中药体外药效研究的重要性.