评《脑血管病学》一书

最近阅读了知名专家王介明教授主编的《脑血管病学》一书，深有感触。该书是一本比较系统地介绍了脑血管疾病的基础理论与临床实践的新书。全书包括了基础、临床、症状及治疗4个部分，共50章，计140万字，详细介绍了有关脑血管疾病方面的解剖、生理，各种脑血管病的临床特点、影像学改变、内外科治疗、康复及预防方法等，     

脑血管意外患者的家庭护理指导

目的 提高脑血管意外患者恢复期的家庭护理质量,促进患者早日康复,减少并发症、降低死亡率.方法 我们对本科治疗后出院的28例脑血管病患者实施家庭护理指导,并于同期内未行护理指导的27例对照.结果 遵循指导的28例家庭患者不仅症状减轻,并发症发生率也极低.未坚持遵循的27例患者临床症状不见好转或加重,并发症发生率也较高(P＜0.01).结论 家庭护理指导对脑血管意外患者家庭康复具有重大意义,能减轻患者的临床症状,减少并发症.     

枕叶扁平海绵状血管瘤手术切除

1临床资料 患者男,14岁,以发作性抽搐3年入院.3年前无明显原因出现右侧肢体抽搐,继之发展为全身抽搐伴意识丧失,小便失禁,持续1～2分钟后清醒.     

脑血管病偏瘫病人的肢体功能训练

存活的脑血管病人75％以上丧失劳动能力．给病人、家庭、社会带来精神、经济上的沉重负担．加强偏瘫病人的肢体训练是减少脑血管病致残的关键。因此，我院自2004年开始对脑血管病人实施康复训练，在偏瘫病人肢体功能恢复方面取得了良好的效果。现将护理经验总结如下。     

46例肺心病心力衰竭诊治分析

慢性肺原性心脏病（肺心病）是由于肺、胸廓或肺动脉血管慢性病变所致的肺循环阻力增加，肺动脉高压，进而使右心室肥厚、扩大，甚至发生心力衰竭的心脏病。肺心病心力衰竭一旦发生，往往反复发作，并发病多，是临床常见危重症之一。我们收集1998年3月～2001年10月肺心病心力衰竭46例治疗效果满意的资料，现报道如下。     

C反应蛋白和D-二聚体在缺血性脑血管病诊断中的意义

在众多的危险因素中,动脉粥样硬化是缺血性脑血管疾病最常见的原因,炎症反应是斑块破裂及不稳定的主要原因,C反应蛋白可作为判断心血管病预后的指标[1],D-二聚体(D-D)是交联纤维蛋白降解的产物,在缺血性脑血管病中的作用日益引起重视.临床需要敏感的实验室指标对缺血性脑血管疾病患者作出及时准确地估计,为此我们对缺血性脑血管疾病与CRP、D-D的关系作了前瞻性的临床观察.     

Feasibility of establishing cerebral ischemia models by using aerocyst-blocking bilateral ascending pharyngeal artery of piglets Imaging assessment

BACKGROUND: The cerebral ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion animal models are used to simulate the human cerebrovascular diseases is one of the popular topics of neurological science recently. To study the pathophysiology, pathogenesis, prophylaxis and treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases and to establish the ideal animal model that is the most similar to the human cerebral ischemia, are the topics that the people generally cared about. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of aerocyst-blocking bilateral ascending pharyngeal artery on the establishment of cerebral ischemia models by using digital subtraction angiography (DSA), magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and magnetic resonance perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI). DESIGN: Repetitive measure animal experiment. SETTING: Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Dalian University. MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out in the Animal Laboratory (Provincial Laboratory), Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian Univeristy from January to May 2006. A total of 14 domestic piglets, of 6 months old, weighing 12–15 kg, of either gender, were selected from Animal Experimental Center, Dalian University. Multistar T.O.P digital subtraction angiography machine was provided by Siemens Company, German. METHODS: Aerocyst-blocking bilateral ascending pharyngeal artery was used to establish cerebral ischemia models. And then, Multistar T.O.P. DSA was used for imaging of cerebral vessels before blocking, during blocking and at 0.5 and 2 hours after ischemia perfusion. GE Signa 1.5 T supraconduction magnetic resonance imaging was used for DWI examination; in addition, PWI was used based on focal sites and areas. Otherwise, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to detect signal changes of T1WI and T2WI in ischemic areas. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Analytic results of DSA, DWI, PWI and MRI. RESULTS: All 14 experimental piglets were involved in the final analysis. ① DSA: The blood flow of bilateral ascending pharyngeal arteries and its branch were blocked at blocking phase, which restored 0.5 and 2 hours after reperfusion. ② DWI and PWI: There were no observable abnormalities in PWI and DWI at pre-blocking. Abnormal increased signals were found on both DWI and PWI at during and post-blocking. There were reduction in ADC and rCBF and delay in rTTP at all time points except pre-blocking. ③ MRI: There were no abnormal signals observable at any time of pre- and post-blocking in T1WI and T2WI. CONCLUSION: It is feasible to establish this kind of animal experimental models, and it can simulate the ischemic state; meanwhile, the existence and extent can be showed directly by DSA, DWI, and PWI.     

老年血管性痴呆的治疗与预防

近年来，老年痴呆发病率呈明显上升趋势，我国北方地区60岁以上老人痴呆患病率已达3．96％，其中由于脑梗塞等脑血管疾病导致的血管性痴呆占多数，是最常见的老年痴呆。血管性痴呆的实质是脑动脉硬化，是由于血管管腔狭窄、血管弹性减低，造成脑组织供血不足，脑细胞因缺血缺氧发生坏死造成的。     

复方丹参注射液治疗脑中风的Meta-分析

目的：在严格的质量评价的基础上，对复方丹参注射液的临床疗效与安全性进行系统评价。方法：全面收集复方丹参注射液治疗脑中风的临床试验，在严格质量评价的基础上，利用RevMan4.1进行Meta-分析；对不同纳入标准的结果进行了敏感度分析，对中风病分脑出血和脑梗死两个亚组进行分析；用漏斗图分析发表性偏倚。结果：复方丹参注射液治疗(总有效例数)的效应值(复方丹参组与其他治疗组疗效的比)OR=0.60，95％可信区间[0.50，0.72]；未发现不良反应；漏斗图提示存在发表性偏倚。结论：现有的证据不足以显示复方丹参注射液对脑中风有较明确的治疗疗效，应进行严格的、多中心的随机双盲对照试验，以提供更具说服力的证据。     

脑血管意外患者预防褥疮的护理

脑血管意外患者因存在不同程度的意识障碍、肢体活动失调甚至瘫痪,大小便失禁而造成污染等原因,使得褥疮成为脑血管意外患者重要并发症之一。因此,对脑血管意外患者预防褥疮的发生是一项重要的护理任务。1　脑血管意外病人预防褥疮的护理1.1　头部护理:为防止加重出血,脑血管意