Microarray analysis on Phase II drug metabolizing enzymes expression in pregnant rats after treatment with pregnenolone-16alpha-carbonitrile or phenobarbital

We previously reported the expression profiles of 9 cytochrome P450 isozymes (CYPs) proteins and those of 40 CYPs genes in pregnant rat's liver, placenta and fetal liver after treatment with pregnenolone-16alpha-carbonitrile (PCN) or phenobarbital (PB). This study was carried out focusing on the gene expression profiles of Phase II drug metabolizing enzymes, Glutathione S-transferase isozymes (GSTs) and UDP-glycosyltransferase isozymes (UDPGTs). Fischer 344 (F344) pregnant rats were daily treated intraperitoneally with 50 mg/kg of PCN or 80 mg/kg of PB from 13 to 16 days of gestation (DG). They were sacrificed on 17 DG, and microarray analysis using Affymetrix Rat Expression Array 230 A was performed. Among 16 GSTs genes examined in this study, 7 genes were significantly induced in dam's liver and 3 genes in fetal liver, respectively, in the PCN-group, while 8 genes were significantly induced in dam's liver and 1 gene in fetal liver, respectively, in the PB-group. On the other hand, among 11 UDPGTs genes examined, 5 genes were significantly induced in dam's liver and 3 genes in fetal liver, respectively, in the PCN-group, while 5 genes were significantly induced in dam's liver and 1 gene in fetal liver, respectively, in the PB-group. There were no significant changes in the placenta of all groups. This is the first report of the gene expression profiles of Phase II drug metabolizing enzymes in pregnant rat and fetal livers and placenta after treatment with typical inducers of drug metabolizing enzymes.     

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of Tumor-Infiltrating NK Cells Reveals that Inhibition of Transcription Factor HIF-1α Unleashes NK Cell Activity

1. Download : Download high-res image (191KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

     

α黑素细胞刺激素基因转染对小鼠骨髓来源的树突状细胞成熟的影响

为观察转染α黑素细胞刺激素(-αMSH)基因的树突状细胞(DC)的功能和特性,以腺相关病毒(AAV)为载体将α-MSH基因导入小鼠骨髓来源的未成熟DC(-αMSH-DC),用ELISA检测-αMSH-DC培养上清中-αMSH及IL-12水平,用流式细胞仪分析-αMSH-DC表面分子的表达,以-αMSH-DC提呈OVA抗原刺激致敏T细胞,通过ELISA测定IL-2水平来观察其抗原提呈功能。结果显示,在-αMSH-DC培养上清中检测到-αMSH的分泌,-αMSH-DC表面分子表达下调,分泌IL-12的能力降低,抗原提呈功能被抑制。-αMSH-DC可部分抵抗LPS上调表面分子表达和促进IL-12分泌的作用。表明-αMSH基因可籍AAV载体导入未成熟DC,并有效地表达,α-MSH基因修饰的DC成熟受到抑制。     

Comparative study of pituitary and bacteria-derived human growth hormone by monoclonal antibodies

We have established hybridoma lines which secrete mouse monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) to human pituitary growth hormone, hGH. Using indirect competitive ELISA and indirect passive hemagglutination inhibition twelve different Mabs were characterized with regard to cross-reactivity with the hGH-related hormones, human chorionic somatomammotropin, hCS, and human prolactin, hPRL. The reactivity of these Mabs with pituitary hGH was compared to that with either bacterially-produced methionyl-hGH or to that of reduced and S-carboxymethylated hGH, which has an altered conformation. None of the Mabs reacted with hPRL. Four did not react with hCS whereas the others showed varying degree of cross-reactivity with hCS. All Mabs reacted more weakly with reduced and S-carboxymethylated hGH than with the native form of the hormone, which was not seen with conventional rabbit antisera to hGH. Thus in the case of hGH the Mabs are superior to conventional antisera in revealing small conformational differences. However the pituitary and bacterially-derived methionyl-hGH were indistinguishable as determined by the 12 Mabs.     

卡巴胆碱抑制肿瘤坏死因子所致微血管内皮细胞通透性增高

目的探讨卡巴胆碱对肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α，TNF-α）诱导的增加微血管通透性的作用。方法采用FITC标记白蛋白漏出法、考马斯亮蓝染色法观察卡巴胆碱对TNF-α诱导微血管内皮细胞通透性，细胞形态和细胞骨架变化的影响。结果与对照组比较，TNF-α明显增加微血管内皮细胞通透性（P〈0．05），诱导细胞皱缩，细胞间隙增大和细胞骨架排列紊乱。给予卡巴胆碱可以明显抑制TNF-α诱导微血管内皮细胞通透性增加，并呈剂量依赖性，同时可以使细胞间隙明显减小，细胞骨架排列有序。结论卡巴胆碱可能通过抑制TNF-α对细胞骨架的损伤，进而抑制微血管通透性增加。     

Neuroprotective effects of IGF-I against TNFalpha-induced neuronal damage in HIV-associated dementia

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection often results in disorders of the central nervous system, including HIV-associated dementia (HAD). It is suspected that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) released by activated and/or infected macrophages/microglia plays a role in the process of neuronal damage seen in AIDS patients. In light of earlier studies showing that the activation of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) exerts a strong neuroprotective effect, we investigated the ability of IGF-I to protect neuronal cells from HIV-infected macrophages. Our results demonstrate that the conditioned medium from HIV-1-infected macrophages, HIV/CM, causes loss of neuronal processes in differentiated PC12 and P19 neurons and that these neurodegenerative effects are associated with the presence of TNFalpha. Furthermore, we demonstrate that IGF-I rescues differentiated neurons from both HIV/CM and TNFalpha-induced damage and that IGF-I-mediated neuroprotection is strongly enhanced by overexpression of the wt IGF-IR cDNA and attenuated by the antisense IGF-IR cDNA. Finally, IGF-I-mediated antiapoptotic pathways are continuously functional in differentiated neurons exposed to HIV/CM and are likely supported by TNFalpha-mediated phosphorylation of I(kappa)B. All together these results suggest that the balance between TNFalpha and IGF-IR signaling pathways may control the extent of neuronal injury in this HIV-related experimental setting.     

The effect of surface sugars on liposomes in immunopotentiation

The effect of surface sugars of liposomes on the immunological responses to entrapped antigen has been investigated. alpha-Mannose and beta-galactose were grafted on the surface of liposomes containing lysozyme by covalent coupling of p-aminophenyl-D-glycosides to phosphatidyl ethanolamine liposomes using glutaraldehyde. Subcutaneous administration of antigen entrapped in beta-galactose liposomes stimulated an antibody response comparable to that elicited by sugar-free neutral liposomes. However, alpha-mannose bearing liposomes with entrapped lysozyme elicited an immune response similar to that induced by lysozyme in saline. Based on these observations it is suggested that alpha-mannose liposomes, that are specifically recognized by macrophages, are taken up rapidly by receptor mediated endocytosis and that the entrapped antigen is then rapidly degraded, resulting in low antibody production.     

HIF-1α和MMP-2在大鼠脑出血灶周脑组织中的表达

目的：通过动态观察脑出血灶周脑组织中缺氧诱导因子(HIF)-1α和基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-2的表达，探讨HIF-1α和MMP-2表达之间的联系。方法：50只SD大鼠随机分成假手术组和脑出血模型组，分别于术后6 h，24 h，72 h，7 d，21 d处死大鼠。RT-PCR方法检测脑出血灶周组织HIF-1α和MMP-2 mRNA的表达及免疫组织化学方法检测HIF-1α和MMP-2蛋白的表达，并对HIF-1α和MMP-2的表达进行相关分析。结果：模型组术后灶周组织出现HIF-1α, MMP-2 mRNA表达上调和大量黄色的HIF-1α，MMP-2蛋白阳性细胞，于24~72 h达高峰。HIF-1α mRNA及其蛋白表达分别与MMP-2 mRNA及其蛋白表达呈正相关(分别r=0.588, P=0.002; r=0.765, P＜0.001)。结论：脑出血灶周脑组织中HIF-1α和MMP-2的表达上调，且HIF-1α可能调控MMP-2的表达。     

小檗碱对局部脑缺血组织中HIF-1α表达的影响

目的 研究大鼠局部性脑缺血再灌注损伤时,小檗碱(BE)对缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)表达及脑神经元凋亡的影响.方法 雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、大脑中动脉阻塞再灌注组(MCAO/R组)、假性治疗组(DMSO组)、小檗碱10mg/kg治疗组(BE10组)、小檗碱20mg/kg治疗组(BE20组)、小檗碱40mg/kg治疗组(BE40组).治疗组在术前48h、24h及术后6h腹腔注射相应剂量药物,观察各组大鼠神经行为学缺陷;再灌注7d,TTC染色观察脑梗死体积变化;再灌注24h,制备脑组织切片分别作Nissl染色、免疫组织化学染色、TUNEL标记及免疫荧光双标记.结果 BE20、BE40组神经功能较MCAO/R组有明显改善(P＜0.05),但BE10组神经学评分与MCAO/R组比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).不同剂量BE治疗均可以减小梗死灶体积(P＜0.05),且呈现剂量依赖性.Nissl染色可见BE治疗组皮质神经元结构较清晰,胞体肿胀、核固缩、核溶解程度较模型组及假性治疗组明显减轻,淡染区域减小;免疫组织化学法观察到,BE组HIF-1α、Caspase-3、BNIP3、VEGF及TUNEL标记的阳性细胞数减少;免疫荧光双标记显示HIF-1α与BNIP3、Caspase-3及TUNEL阳性颗粒共表达于细胞中.结论 BE可能通过降低HIF-1α水平并下调其下游的BNIP3和VEGF的表达,从而减少凋亡因子Caspase-3的作用而发挥神经元保护作用.