3-硝基-1,2,4-三唑-5-酮的毒理学特性

3-硝基-1,2,4-三唑-5-酮（NTO）是一种不敏感含能材料，因其爆轰速度和压力与六氢-1,3,5-三硝基-1,3,5-三嗪（RDX）相似，合成和运输安全，已逐渐成为传统含能材料的替代品。近年来，随着国内外对含能材料毒性研究的不断深入，已证实NTO对生物体及生态系统具有多种毒性效应，主要表现为对哺乳动物的睾丸毒性。本文从生物代谢、生物毒性及生态毒性三个方面对NTO毒性进行系统概述，展望今后NTO毒性的研究方向，以期为NTO的职业健康风险评估提供可靠的毒理学基础。     

麻杏石甘汤+中医定向透药联合西药治疗小儿肺炎(风热犯肺)随机平行对照研究

[目的]观察麻杏石甘汤+中医定向透药联合西药治疗小儿肺炎(风热犯肺)疗效。[方法]使用随机平行对照方法,将80例住院患者病志号抽签随机分为两组。对照组40例利巴韦林10mg/kg·d-1,阿奇霉素10mg/kg·d-1+5%葡萄糖250mL,1次/d,静滴。治疗组40例麻杏石甘汤、中医定向透药。麻杏石甘汤(麻黄、甘草各6g,杏仁9g,生石膏18g),1剂/d,水煎200mL,2次/d,早晚温服,3岁:每三天1剂,3～6岁:每两天1剂,6岁:1剂/d,肺热重、壮热汗出增加生石膏剂量,加黄芪、桑白皮各6g;痰多气急加枇杷叶、紫菀、葶苈子各6g;无汗恶寒减少石膏剂量,加薄荷、紫苏叶、鲜芦根。中医定向透药选麻黄、杏仁、生石膏、川贝母、金银花等,研碎加蜂蜜、鲜姜汁调制成膏状,密封保存,取4g药膏敷于肺俞,并采用中医定向透药仪治疗,30min/次,2次/d;西药治疗同对照组。连续治疗10d为1疗程。观测临床表现、退热时间、咳嗽消失时间、啰音消失时间、中医证候积分、TNF-α、IL-6、RAGE、不良反应。治疗1疗程(10d),判定疗效。[结果]治疗组显效20例,有效18例,无效2例,总有效率95.00%;对照组显效13例,有效17例,无效10例,总有效率75.00%;治疗组疗效优于对照组(P0.05)。退热时间、咳嗽消失时间、啰音消失时间治疗组优于对照组(P0.01)。中医证候积分、TNF-α、IL-6、RAGE两组均有改善(P0.01),治疗组改善优于对照组(P0.01)。[结论]麻杏石甘汤+中医定向透药联合西药治疗小儿肺炎(风热犯肺),疗效满意,无严重不良反应,值得推广。     

8-(N,N-二甲基-胺甲基)-黄芩苷对非白假丝酵母的抑菌作用

目的探索分析8-(N,N-二甲基-胺甲基)-黄芩苷抗非白假丝酵母的作用,拓宽其应用范围。方法将近平滑假丝酵母、克柔假丝酵母、光滑假丝酵母的标准菌株及临床菌株选为待试菌株,测定8-(N,N-二甲基-胺甲基)-黄芩苷、黄芩苷及伊曲康唑对待试菌株的抑菌圈直径。结果除伊曲康唑对部分待试菌株耐药外,3种药物对待试菌株存在一定的抗菌作用。8-(N,N-二甲基-胺甲基)-黄芩苷对近平滑假丝酵母标准菌株、近平滑假丝酵母临床菌株、克柔假丝酵母临床菌株的抑菌圈直径分别为(29.44±5.27)mm、28.00(25.00,30.00)mm、18.00(15.00,24.00)mm,大于黄芩苷;对光滑假丝酵母临床菌株的抑菌圈直径为25.00(20.00,28.00)mm,大于伊曲康唑(P<0.05)。其对光滑假丝酵母的标准菌株、临床菌株的抑菌圈直径分别为(25.56±4.64)mm、25.00(20.00,28.00)mm,小于黄芩苷;对克柔假丝酵母的标准菌株、临床菌株的抑菌圈直径分别为(18.89±3.33)mm、18.00(15.00,24.00)mm,小于伊曲康唑(P<0.05)。结论 8-(N,N-二甲基-胺甲基)-黄芩苷对近平滑假丝酵母标准菌株、近平滑假丝酵母临床菌株、克柔假丝酵母临床菌株的抗菌作用优于黄芩苷,对光滑假丝酵母临床菌株的抗菌作用优于伊曲康唑;其对光滑假丝酵母的标准菌株、临床菌株的抗菌作用弱于黄芩苷,对克柔假丝酵母的标准菌株、临床菌株的抗菌作用弱于伊曲康唑。     

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??Objective    To discuss the influence of basic periodontal therapy on the level of IL-8?? IL-10 in serum and gingival crevicular fluid in patients who have chronic periodontitis complicated by coronary heart disease. Methods     A total of 65 cases of patients with chronic periodontitis complicated by coronary heart disease were selected and divided into two groups randomly??Group A of 35 patients who received the basic periodontal therapy and cardiac medical treatment??Group B of 30 patients who received cardiological treatment only. Then??select 25 patient who had developed chronic severe periodontitis with non-systematic disease to establish group C and give them the basic periodontal therapy only. Observe the changes of the IL-8??IL-10 levels in serum and gingival crevicular fluid and the periodontal infection indexes??BI??PD??. Results    The results showed that after three months of basic periodontal therapy the periodontal clinical indices of both group A and group C became better and the IL-8 level obviously reduced??while the IL-10 level obviously increased. There was no obvious difference between group A and group B in each examination index before the therapy. After three months??we found that the periodontal infection index??SBI PD??of group A was obviously better than group B. Compared to group B??the IL-8 level of group A obviously reduced??and the IL-10 level obviously increased. The difference was statistically significant??P < 0.05??. Conclusion    The basic periodontal therapy can effectively improve periodontal conditions of the patients with chronic periodontal diseases??and reduce the risk of breaking the normal cardiovascular function.     

大剂量干扰素辅助治疗口腔黏膜恶性黑色素瘤的效果及安全性研究

目的 研究大剂量干扰素辅助治疗口腔黏膜恶性黑色素瘤的临床效果,探讨治疗应用的安全性。方法 选取我院于2017年11月～2018年11月收治的80例口腔黏膜恶性黑色素瘤患者作为研究对象,按照治疗方法不同分为两组,每组40例。对照组患者仅采用单纯手术治疗,治疗组在此基础上采用大剂量干扰素辅助治疗。观察两组患者生存情况、疾病复发情况以及毒副反应。结果 治疗组患者生存期限及无复发生存期明显长于对照组,治疗组复发率为5.00%,明显低于对照组的22.50%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者毒副反应比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 口腔黏膜恶性黑色素瘤患者予以大剂量干扰素辅助疗法安全有效,值得临床推广。