iTrace与IOL Master 700和Pentacam HR测量白内障术前角膜散光的比较

目的：iTrace与IOL Master 700和Pentacam HR在白内障术前测量角膜散光的差异性及一致性。

方法：横断面研究。收集2020-05/2021-05来院就诊的白内障患者149例181眼。术前使用iTrace、IOL Master 700和Pentacam HR三种仪器测量陡峭轴角膜曲率(Ks)、平坦轴角膜曲率(Kf)、平均角膜曲率(Km)、角膜散光度数(Cyl)、陡峭轴轴位(Axis)。分析三种仪器测量指标的差异性及一致性。

结果：三组仪器间测量Ks、Kf、Km均有差异(F=4.912、3.514、4.873，均P<0.05)，Cyl与Axis均无差异(F=0.523、0.128，均P>0.05)。Bland-Altman分析提示iTrace与另两种仪器测量的Ks、Kf一致性较差，Cyl和Axis的一致性好，但Axis差值不在临床可接受范围。低度散光组(50眼)、中度散光组(34眼)和高度散光组(18眼)的iTrace与另两种仪器的测量值差值均无差异(P>0.05)。

结论：iTrace与IOL Master 700和Pentacam HR在白内障患者术前测量除散光度一致性好外，其余Ks、Kf均有差异性，Axis差值偏大，超过临床可接受范围，尤其是高度散光组。白内障术前角膜散光的测量应选择多种测量仪器，全方位规划手术方案。     

种子细胞及支架材料在组织工程角膜构建中的应用**★

背景：在眼科角膜移植在组织工程中有很好的应用前景，但理想的支架材料一直制约组织工程角膜发展。 目的：分析各种子细胞、支架材料的应用，总结近年来组织工程角膜构建所取得的进展。 方法：由第一作者用计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI：2000/2010-10)和PubMed数据库(2000/2010-10)，检索词分别为“组织工程，角膜移植”和“tissue engineering, corneal transplantation”。经计算机初检得到223篇文献，纳入与组织工程角膜研究进展、应用和体外构建的相关实验研究和综述，排除重复研究类文献，对33篇汇总分析。从种子细胞、支架材料、器官构建、临床应用等方面进行总结，对组织工程角膜的研究进展和未来发展进行探讨。 结果与结论：结果表明，种子细胞和支架材料仍为组织工程研究的重点，由于眼免疫赦免现象和角膜的无血管特性，组织工程角膜移植将优于其他器官和组织的移植，成为能大量构建且易于移植的组织工程器官。目前，组织工程角膜构建已获得初步成功，但各类支架材料均存在一定缺点，寻找理想的支架材料是下一步的研究方向。     

Can possible toxic effect of ultraviolet-A after corneal cross-linking be prevented? In vitro transmittance study of contact lenses at 370 nm wavelength

Context: Corneal collagen cross linking (CCL) with ultraviolet A (UVA) has been proposed as a treatment for the progression of corneal ectasia associated with keratoconus and post-laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) ectasia. Despite the reports about safety of procedure, we consider that UVA of sunlight can effect riboflavin saturated and de-epitelizated cornea early after CCL.

Objectives: To evaluate the UVA blockage capability of 11 different silicone hydrogel contact lenses which are widely used after CCL treatment.

Methods: Eleven different silicone hydrogel and daily disposable contact lenses were evaluated. The UVA light at 365?nm wavelength for UVA source and UV light meter to measure UVA radiation were used. 3, 9 and 18?mW/cm² power of UV radiance was applied centrally to the each type of contact lenses. The power of UVA transmittance for each radiance and percentage of blockage were evaluated for each brand. Also, protection factor (PF) was calculated.

Results: The senofilcon A and narafilcon A had the highest blockage and lowest transmittance (p?=?0.02). PF was significantly higher in the senofilcon A and narafilcon A at 3, 9 and 18?mW/cm² (p?=?0.0001). And also, the hilafilcon B, filcon IV, nelfilcon A, enfilcon A, lotrafilcon A and lotrafilcon B had the highest UVA transmittance.

Conclusion: The narafilcon A and the senofilcon A may be a good options for epithelial healing after CCL procedure to protect the cornea from UVA of sunlight. And also, the hilafilcon B, filcon IV, nelfilcon A, enfilcon A, lotrafilcon A and lotrafilcon B contact lenses that have high-UVA transmittance feature can be a treatment choice for contact lens-assisted CCL technique in thin corneas.     

Zinc chloride (smoke bomb) inhalation lung injury: clinical presentations, high-resolution CT findings, and pulmonary function test results

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Zinc chloride smoke inhalation injury (ZCSII) is uncommon and has been rarely described in previous studies. We hypothesized that structural changes of the lung might correlate with pulmonary function. To answer this question, we correlated findings from high-resolution CT (HRCT) scan and the results of pulmonary function tests (PFTs) in patients with ZCSII. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: University hospital. PATIENTS: Twenty patients who had been hospitalized with ZCSII-related conditions. MEASUREMENTS: The study included HRCT scan scores (0 to 100), static and dynamic lung volumes, and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (D(LCO)). RESULTS: HRCT scans and PFTs were performed initially after injury (range, 3 to 21 days) in all patients and during the follow-up period (range, 27 to 66 days) in 10 patients. The predominant CT scan findings were patchy or diffuse ground-glass opacities with or without consolidation. The majority of patients showed a significant reduction of FVC, FEV1, total lung capacity, and D(LCO), but normal FEV1/FVC ratio values. Changes of functional parameters correlated well with HRCT scan scores. Substantial improvements in CT scan abnormalities and pulmonary function were observed at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of our patients with ZCSII presented with a predominant parenchymal injury of the lung that was consistent with a restrictive type of functional impairment and a reduction in Dlco rather than with obstructive disease. Our results suggest that HRCT scanning and pulmonary function testing may reliably predict the severity of ZCSII.     

Corneal epithelial stem cells for corneal injury

Introduction: Ocular surface diseases with limbal insufficiency represent a therapeutic challenge for restoring vision. This corneal deficiency includes both classical ocular diseases (as chemical burns) and rare ocular diseases (as congenital aniridia and ocular cicatricial pemphigoid).

Areas covered: Our understanding of limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs) has increased the potential for treatment options. Pharmacological treatment strategies (as regenerating agent ophthalmic solutions) and especially surgical treatment strategies are available. Isolated LESCs can be produced by limbal primary cultures obtained from explants or cell suspensions. We review the latest cornea surgery techniques.

Expert opinion: The adjunction of human limbal mesenchymal cells as a support for limbal stem cell primary cultures appears to be of great interest. Recently, human-induced pluripotent stem cells have allowed the generation of minicorneal organoids. This potential means of creating a three-dimensional cornea with in vitro maturation opens up important research areas for corneal regeneration therapy.     

强化护理健康教育对行准分子激光上皮瓣下角膜磨镶术近视患者的效果分析

[摘要]目的 分析强化护理健康教育对接受准分子激光上皮瓣下角膜磨镶术的近视患者的术后用药依从性和视觉满意度的影响。方法 选择2015年3月-2015年9月在我院45例接受常规健康教育的行准分子激光上皮瓣下角膜磨镶术近视患者,将其作为对照组;再选取2015年10月-2016年3月接受强化护理健康教育的行准分子激光上皮瓣下角膜磨镶术近视患者作为观察组。对比两组患者术后用药的依从性情况,同时比较两组患者术后的视觉满意度。结果 观察组患者的用药依从率为91.1%,对照组患者的用药依从率为68.9%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。观察组患者的视觉满意度为100.0%,对照组患者的视觉满意度为84.4%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 强化护理健康教育应用于行准分子激光上皮瓣下角膜磨镶术的近视患者中,能够提高患者的用药依从性,增强患者的视觉满意度,值得临床进一步推广应用。     

Evaluating the change in central corneal thickness in neonates (term and preterm) in Indian population and the factors affecting it

Background and Aim:

Central corneal thickness (CCT) of term and preterm infants in Indian population is not known. We did a prospective noninterventional study to measure the CCT in term and preterm infants.

Materials and Methods:

An ultrasonic pachymeter was used. The data regarding the date of birth, expected date of delivery, birth weight were recorded. The preterm and the term infants were followed up at 8 weeks, 20 weeks and at 1-year.

Results:

A total of 85 (170 eyes) children were included in the study. The mean age was 264.6 ± 21.8 days postconception. The mean birth weight and CCT were 1834.4 ± 512.1 g and 595.8 ± 72.4 μ respectively. A comparison of CCT on the basis postgestational age showed a mean thickness of 620.7 ± 88.8 and 574.4 ± 78.3 μ in the <260 days and >260 days age groups respectively. The difference was statistically significant (Student''s test, P = 0.002). The CCT of preterm infants (<260 days) decreased from a mean value of 620.7 ± 88.8 μ to 534.1 ± 57.6 μ at the end of 1-year.

Conclusion:

We present the data of CCT in term and preterm infants in Indian population. We believe that the premature babies have slightly thicker corneas than mature term babies.     

A cross-sectional study to compare intraocular pressure measurement by sequential use of Goldman applanation tonometry,dynamic contour tonometry,ocular response analyzer,and Corvis ST

Objective:

To study the correlation and effect of sequential measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) with Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT), ocular response analyzer (ORA), dynamic contour tonometer (DCT), and Corvis ST.

Setting and Design:

Observational cross-sectional series from the comprehensive clinic of a tertiary eye care center seen during December 2012.

Methods:

One hundred and twenty-five study eyes of 125 patients with normal IOP and biomechanical properties underwent IOP measurement on GAT, DCT, ORA, and Corvis ST; in four different sequences. Patients with high refractive errors, recent surgeries, glaucoma, and corneal disorders were excluded so as to rule out patients with evident altered corneal biomechanics.

Statistical Analysis:

Linear regression and Bland–Altman using MedCalc software.

Results:

Multivariate analysis of variance with repeated measures showed no influence of sequence of device use on IOP (P = 0.85). Linear regression r² between GAT and Corvis ST, Corvis ST and Goldmann-correlated IOP (IOPg), and DCT and Corvis ST were 0.37 (P = 0.675), 0.63 (P = 0.607), and 0.19 (P = 0.708), respectively. The Bland–Altman agreement of Corvis ST with GAT, corneal compensated IOP, and IOPg was 2 mmHg (−5.0 to + 10.3), −0.5 mmHg (−8.1 to 7.1), and 0.5 mmHg (−6.2 to 7.1), respectively. Intraclass correlation coefficient for repeatability ranged from 0.81 to 0.96.

Conclusions:

Correlation between Corvis ST and ORA was found to be good and not so with GAT. However, agreement between the devices was statistically insignificant, and no influence of sequence was observed.