ARCO Consensus on the Pathogenesis of Non-traumatic Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a devastating disease frequently leading to femoral head collapse and hip arthritis. Specifically, non-traumatic ONFH primarily affects young and middle-aged adults. Although compromised local circulation of the femoral head seems to be pathognomonic for the disease, the pathogenesis is perplexing and continues to be an area of scrutiny and research. Comprehension of the pathogenesis is of crucial importance for developing and guiding treatments for the disease. Therefore, we provide an up-to-date consensus on the pathogenesis of non-traumatic ONFH.     

The emerging role of exosomes in Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), manifested by memory loss and a decline in cognitive functions, is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease accounting for 60–80 % of dementia cases. But, to-date, there is no effective treatment available to slow or stop the progression of AD. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that carry constituents, such as functional messenger RNAs, non-coding RNAs, proteins, lipids, DNA, and other bioactive substances of their source cells. In the brain, exosomes are likely to be sourced by almost all cell types and involve in cell communication to regulate cellular functions. The yet, accumulated evidence on the roles of exosomes and their constituents in the AD pathological process suggests their significance as additional biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AD. This review summarizes the current reported research findings on exosomes roles in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of AD.     

Major Depressive Disorder: Advances in Neuroscience Research and Translational Applications

Major depressive disorder (MDD), also referred to as depression, is one of the most common psychiatric disorders with a high economic burden. The etiology of depression is still not clear, but it is generally believed that MDD is a multifactorial disease caused by the interaction of social, psychological, and biological aspects. Therefore, there is no exact pathological theory that can independently explain its pathogenesis, involving genetics, neurobiology, and neuroimaging. At present, there are many treatment measures for patients with depression, including drug therapy, psychotherapy, and neuromodulation technology. In recent years, great progress has been made in the development of new antidepressants, some of which have been applied in the clinic. This article mainly reviews the research progress, pathogenesis, and treatment of MDD.     

COVID-19 combined with liver injury: Current challenges and management

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) combined with liver injury has become a very prominent clinical problem. Due to the lack of a clear definition of liver injury in patients with COVID-19, the different selection of evaluation parameters and statistical time points, there are the conflicting conclusions about the incidence rate in different studies. The mechanism of COVID-19 combined with liver injury is complicated, including the direct injury of liver cells caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 replication and liver injury caused by cytokines, ischemia and hypoxia, and drugs. In addition, underlying diseases, especially chronic liver disease, can aggravate COVID-19 liver injury. In the treatment of COVID-19 combined with liver injury, the primary and basic treatment is to treat the etiology and pathogenesis, followed by support, liver protection, and symptomatic treatment according to the clinical classification and severity of liver injury. This article evaluates the incidence, pathogenesis and prevention and treatment of COVID-19 combined with liver injury, and aims to provide countermeasures for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 combined with liver injury.     

中医药外治法治疗盆腔炎性疾病后遗症研究进展

通过对中医外治法治疗盆腔炎性疾病后遗症研究成果的整理分析,从单一中医药外治法、联合中医药外治法、中药汤剂联合中医药外治法三方面来探寻中医外治法对盆腔炎性疾病后遗症的疗效,认为传统医学在治疗盆腔炎性疾病后遗症有着自身优势,但是未形成统一规范治疗体制,存在其自身局限性。     

慢性乙型肝炎发病机制的超微形态学基础研究

为探讨慢性乙型肝炎（乙肝）肝细胞损伤机制的超微形态学基础，对５０例乙肝患者肝穿刺进行电观察，发现淋巴细胞浸入肝组织后，可以与肝细胞发生接触、质膜融合和胞质沟通。肝细胞和淋巴细胞之间可见电子致密物，这可能是淋巴细胞产生的多种因子。枯否细胞质膜与淋巴细胞质膜融合，浆细胞质膜可与淋巴细胞质膜融合，淋巴细胞之间胞质可互相沟通，提示了免疫细胞间以及免疫细胞与肝细胞间的一些关系，为研究乙肝的细胞免疫反应机制提     

骶尾部卵黄囊瘤9例临床病理分析

目的探讨骶尾部卵黄囊瘤(YST)的临床病理学特征及诊断与鉴别诊断。方法对9例骶尾部卵黄囊瘤进行临床病理分析及免疫组化染色,同时复习相关文献。结果 8例为女童,1例为男童,发病年龄16个月~44个月。以臀部或骶尾部包块为主要临床表现。组织病理学检查均可见到典型的内胚窦结构以及腺样、乳头状和疏松网状结构。免疫组化显示9例AFP(+),其中5例呈灶状(+),4例胞质呈弥漫性强(+);2例PLAP灶状(+);8例CK呈强(+),1例(-);9例CD30、HCG、EMA、CD15和CD117均(-)。5例确诊后及时进行化疗,3例未化疗者短期内复发死亡,1例失访。结论骶尾部卵黄囊瘤多见于女婴,恶性度高,化疗敏感,诊断主要依靠组织形态与免疫组化染色。     

变态反应性支气管肺曲霉病研究进展

变态反应性支气管肺曲霉病(ABPA)以曲霉诱发变态反应为主要特征,最常见致病菌为烟曲霉,通常发生在哮喘或囊性纤维化的患者中。ABPA临床特点包括哮喘的急性发作,血清嗜酸性粒细胞、总IgE水平升高,影像学表现为肺浸润、支气管扩张等。早期识别运用糖皮质激素治疗有效,但有可能需要长期服用激素控制,现在越来越多的证据支持抗真菌药物治疗ABPA。本文就其发病机制、临床表现、实验室辅助检查、诊断、分期和治疗作一简述。     

旴江医家论痰饮

"百病多由痰作祟",痰是人体水液代谢障碍所形成的病理产物,又是导致众多病证的致病因素。旴江医学著作宏富,内容丰厚,其中包括许多关于痰饮的精辟论述。对旴江主要医家有关痰饮病因、病机、辨证及防治的论述进行总结。     

精神分裂症发病机制及治疗靶点的研究现状

精神分裂症是一种严重的精神疾病,但确切的机制至今尚未研究透彻。近来,研究者们发现D1、D2受体的过度活化、多巴胺和环腺苷酸调节的磷蛋白的调节机制、受体磷酸化磷酸酶β/ζ的编码基因PTPRZ1(蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶,受体类型,Z多肽1)与精神分裂症密切相关;γ氨基丁酸α受亚单位α5受体进行变构调节,能逆转多巴胺功能异常亢进,进而缓解精神分裂症的阳性症状。