Infecciones de transmisión sexual en hombres internos en prisión: riesgo de desarrollo de nuevas infecciones

ObjectiveTo measure incidence and main risk factors related to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Daroca Prison (Zaragoza, Spain).MethodA retrospective cohort study (2005-2013) to measure the incidence of STI and a cross-sectional study to measure risk factors.ResultsOf the 203 inmates, 79 developed an STI, 37 had a previous STI, 55.2% lacked knowledge on STI prevention, and 28.9% showed behaviours unfavourable for STI prevention. The incidence rate was 6.5 STIs per 1,000 inmates-year. The most frequent STIs were hepatitis B (39.7%), Ureaplasma urealyticum (19.1%), herpes simplex (16.2%) and HIV (8.8%). The risk (hazard ratio, HR) of acquiring a new STI was significantly higher in inmates with a history of previous STI (HR = 2.61; 95%CI: 1.01 to 6.69), and was at the limit of significance for non-preventive behaviour (HR = 2.10; 95%CI: 0.98 to 4.53), but not in knowledge related to STIs (HR = 1.33; 95%CI: 0.58 to 3.07).ConclusionThe most important risk factors in prison are behaviours related to STIs and previous history of STIs. Other factors are being a repeat offender, injecting drug use, or being in a methadone programme. Health personnel and peer education can facilitate prevention and control.     

Anomalous Origin of the Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery: Diagnoses and Surgical Results in 12 Pediatric Patients

Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a rare congenital condition. It responds well to early diagnosis and treatment, but otherwise the prognosis is poor. We present our case series of 12 patients (mean age, 2 ± 2.58 yr; age range, 2 mo–8 yr), emphasizing the diagnostic process and discussing our surgical results. The diagnosis of ALCAPA should be suspected in infants who have dilated cardiomyopathy with electrocardiographic changes that suggest ischemia, and in older children who have isolated mitral regurgitation. When clinical suspicion is high, the results of 2-dimensional echocardiography combined with color-flow Doppler studies in expert hands can establish the diagnosis, thus avoiding angiography in critically ill infants. The treatment of choice in our patients was transfer and reimplantation of the left coronary artery onto the ascending aorta. There were 2 deaths: both were infants in extremis who underwent emergency surgery. An older child with severe ventricular dysfunction was given mechanical ventricular assistance and then heart transplantation. As of this report, all 10 survivors remained well and asymptomatic.     

阿奇霉素序贯给药辅助治疗小儿大叶性肺炎的效果及对患儿血清炎症因子水平的影响

目的探讨阿奇霉素序贯给药辅助治疗小儿大叶性肺炎的效果及对患儿血清炎症因子水平的影响。方法回顾性分析我院2014年10月至2019年10月收治的120例大叶性肺炎患儿的临床资料,根据治疗方式的不同将其分为对照组(60例,阿奇霉素静脉滴注治疗)和观察组(60例,阿奇霉素序贯给药治疗)。比较两组的治疗效果、不良反应情况、血清炎症因子及肺功能指标水平。结果观察组的治疗总有效率显著高于对照组,不良反应总发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组的TNF-α、PCT、IFN-γ、TM水平均降低,FVC、TLC、Cdyn水平均升高,且观察组显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论阿奇霉素序贯给药辅助治疗小儿大叶性肺炎的效果显著,可有效改善患儿血清炎症因子水平和肺功能指标水平,降低不良反应发生率,值得临床推广应用。     

膝关节镜术后结合活血祛瘀汤内服对膝关节炎患者骨代谢指标及炎性指标的影响

目的:研究膝关节镜术后结合活血祛瘀汤内服对膝关节炎患者骨代谢指标及炎性指标的影响。方法:选取2013年6月至2016年5月抚顺市中医院骨科住院部收治的进行关节镜清理术的膝骨关节炎患者68例进行回顾性分析,按照术后治疗方法的不同分为观察组和对照组,每组34例。观察组内服活血祛瘀汤(58膝),对照组行单纯关节镜清理术(62膝)。将2组患者术后6个月随访疗效结果进行比较。结果:6个月治疗结束后,观察组总有效率81. 02%,显著高于对照组的48. 55%,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05),观察组治疗后夜间卧床休息时疼痛、晨僵或起床后疼痛加重、绞锁、肿胀以及跛行优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。观察组治疗后TNF-α、IL-6改善显著,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05),观察组与对照组治疗后COMP、CTX-Ⅱ、CTX-Ⅰ、MMP-3治疗后效果显著,且观察组优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论:活血祛瘀汤可明显降低膝关节术后患者炎性反应递质水平,患者COMP,CTX-Ⅱ,CTX-Ⅰ和MMP-3指标亦有显著改善,患者综合治疗疗效优于患者单纯使用关节镜下清理术疗效。     

The influence of environmental and health indicators on premature mortality: An empirical analysis of the City of Toronto's 140 neighborhoods

The objective of this paper was to assess the link between premature mortality and a combination of neighbourhood contextual (environmental and health) and compositional (socioeconomic and demographic) characteristics. We statistically and spatially examined six environmental variables (ultrafine particles, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic pollutants, pollution released to air, tree cover, and walkability index), six health service indicators (number health providers, breast, colorectal and cervical cancer screening uptake rates, student nutrition program uptake rates, and healthy food index), and eight socioeconomic indicators (total income, Gini coefficient, two age categories – below and above 40 years, proportion of females to males, visible minorities, Indigenous peoples, education, less than grade 9) among 140 neighbourhoods of the City of Toronto in Ontario (Canada). We applied principal component analysis to identify patterns and to reduce the number of explanatory variables into combined component axes that represent unique variation in these confounded and overlapping factors. We then applied regression analysis to model the relationship between the indices of enviro-health and socioeconomics and their potential relationship with premature mortality. Residual spatial analysis was used to investigate any remaining spatial structure (such as neighbourhoods with higher residual premature mortality rates). Neighbourhood Equity Index was correlated with our enviro-health and socioeconomic indices. Premature mortality within neighbourhoods was predicted by poor cancer screenings, pollution, lack of tree canopy, increased uptake of student nutrition programs and high walkability index. A negative association between premature mortality and pollution was associated low walkability index and presence of visible minorities within neighbourhoods. There was some unexplained residual spatial variation in our model of premature mortality - especially along the shores of Lake Ontario and in neighbourhoods with major highways or road corridors: premature mortality in Toronto neighbourhoods was higher than expected along highway-corridor neighbourhoods and shorelines. Our analysis revealed a significant relationship between neighbourhood contextual features – both environmental and health – and premature mortality, suggesting that these contextual components of neighbourhoods can predict rates of urban premature mortality in Toronto.     

Impact of different types of olive oil on cardiovascular risk factors: A systematic review and network meta-analysis

Background and aimThis network meta-analysis (NMA) compares the effects of different types of olive oil (OO) on cardiovascular risk factors.Methods and resultsLiterature search was conducted on three electronic databases (Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central). Inclusion criteria: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (≥3 weeks duration of intervention) comparing at least two of the following types of OO: refined OO (ROO), mixed OO (MOO), low phenolic (extra) virgin OO (LP(E)VOO), and high phenolic (extra) virgin OO (HP(E)VOO). Random-effects NMA was performed for seven outcomes; and surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) was estimated, using an analytical approach (P-score). Thirteen RCTs (16 reports) with 611 mainly healthy participants (mean age: 26–70 years) were identified. No differences for total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerols, and diastolic blood pressure were observed comparing ROO, MOO, LP(E)VOO and HP(E)VOO. HP(E)VOO slightly reduce LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) compared to LP(E)VOO (mean difference [MD]: −0.14 mmol/L, 95%–CI: −0.28, −0.01). Both, HP(E)VOO and LP(E)VOO reduces SBP compared to ROO (range of MD: −2.99 to −2.87 mmHg), and HP(E)VOO may improve oxidized LDL-cholesterol (oxLDL-C) compared to ROO (standardized MD: −0.68, 95%–CI: −1.31, −0.04). In secondary analyses, EVOO may reduce oxLDL-C compared to ROO, and a dose-response relationship between higher intakes of phenolic compounds from OO and lower SBP and oxLDL-C values was detected. HP(E)VOO was ranked as best treatment for LDL-C (P-score: 0.83), oxLDL-C (0.88), and SBP (0.75).ConclusionsHP(E)VOO may improve some cardiovascular risk factors, however, public health implications are limited by overall low or moderate certainty of evidence.     

转录调节因子c-Myb通过炎症因子Ccl2抑制乳腺癌肺转移的实验研究

目的:研究乳腺癌细胞中转录调节因子c-Myb的表达对肺转移的影响及其分子机制。方法:构建c-Myb高表达的4T1乳腺癌细胞株，种植小鼠构建乳腺癌动物模型，检测实验动物肺转移情况，通过荷瘤抑制试验检测肺转移抑制效果。提取组织进行荧光PCR检测相关炎症因子的表达。利用Medisapiens数据库的生物信息学资源，对c-Myb和Ccl2的表达与乳腺癌患者的预后进行分析。结果:高表达c-Myb的荷瘤小鼠肺部转移灶明显减少，其中炎症相关因子表达受限。由数据库分析得出，c-Myb高表达患者生存期得以延长。结论:乳腺癌中c-Myb的表达能够通过炎症因子Ccl2抑制肺转移从而延长患者生存期。