大鼠脑组织单胺类递质及其代谢产物的检测方法研究

目的 :研究大鼠脑组织中单胺类递质及其代谢产物的高效液相反相离子对色谱测定法。方法 :采用LiChrosorbC18,10 μm色谱柱 ,流动相为甲醇 :水 (4 0 :60 ) ,含 0 .0 2 8g LEDTANa2 ,0 .15g LSDS ,0 .2ml LH2 SO4(pH 2 .5～ 3 ) ,荧光检测波长 :λEX=2 85 ,λEM=3 3 3。结果 :对 87只大鼠脑组织中 4种单胺类递质及其代谢产物的含量进行了同时测定 ,高香草酸 (HVA) 2 .5 0～ 40 .0 μg ml、去甲肾上腺素 (NE) 0 .0 1～ 0 .5 0 μg ml、多巴胺 (DA)0 .0 5～ 1.0 0 μg ml、5 羟色胺 (5 HT) 0 .0 2 5～ 0 .5 0 μg ml,峰面积与其含量呈良好的线性关系。 结论 :该法操作简便、快速、准确 ,为组织中单胺类递质及其代谢产物检测的一种理想方法 ,并适用于临床相关研究。     

Sildenafil relieves symptoms and normalizes motility in patients with oesophageal spasm: a report of two cases

Oesophageal spasm presents with dysphagia and chest pain. Current treatments are limited by poor efficacy and side effects. Studies in health and oesophageal dysmotility show that sildenafil reduces peristaltic pressure and velocity; however the clinical efficacy and tolerability in symptomatic oesophageal spasm remains uncertain. We provided open-label sildenafil treatment to two patients with severe, treatment resistant symptoms associated with oesophageal spasm. The effects of sildenafil on oesophageal function and symptoms were documented by high resolution manometry (HRM). Patients were followed up to assess the efficacy of maintenance treatment with sildenafil b.i.d. HRM revealed focal and diffuse spasm in the smooth muscle oesophagus that were associated with symptoms in both cases, especially on swallowing solids. Lower oesophageal sphincter function was normal. A therapeutic trial of 25-50 mg sildenafil suppressed oesophageal contraction almost completely for water swallows; however effective, coordinated peristalsis returned with reduced frequency of spasm for solid swallows. Dysphagia and chest pain resolved during the therapeutic trial and efficacy was maintained on maintenance treatment with 25-50 mg sildenafil b.i.d. without troublesome side effects. This report shows that sildenafil can improve oesophageal function and relieve dysphagia and chest pain in patients with oesophageal spasm in whom other treatments have failed.     

Influence of SENSE on image properties in high-resolution single-shot echo-planar DTI.

Limited spatial resolution is a key obstacle to the study of brain white matter structure with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). In its frequent implementation with single-excitation spin-echo echo-planar sequences, DTI's ability to resolve small structures is strongly restricted by T2 and T2* decay, B0 inhomogeneity, and limited signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this work the influence of sensitivity encoding (SENSE) on diffusion-weighted (DW) image properties is investigated. Computer simulations showed that the PSF becomes narrower with increasing SENSE reduction factors, R, enhancing the intrinsic resolution. After a brief theoretical discussion, we describe the estimation of SNR on a pixel-by-pixel basis as a function of R. The mean image SNR behavior is manifold: SENSE is capable of increasing SNR efficiency by reducing the echo time (TE). Each SNR(R) curve reveals a maximum that depends on the amount of partial Fourier encoding used. The overall best SNR efficiency for an eight-element head coil array and a b-factor of 1000 s/mm2 is achieved at R = 2.1 and partial Fourier encoding of 60%. In vivo tensor maps of volunteers and a patient, with an in-plane resolution of 0.78 x 0.78 mm2, are also presented to demonstrate the practical implementation of the parallel approach.     

卡维地洛对不稳定型心绞痛患者血浆炎症因子的影响

目的观察卡维地洛对不稳定型心绞痛（UAP）患者高敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、白介素-6（IL-6）及细胞间可溶性黏附分子1（sICAM-1）水平的影响。方法UAP患者62例采用完全随机化方法分成对照组（n=30）和治疗组（n=32）,在常规抗血小板、扩血管治疗基础上,对照组予美托洛尔（12.5mg,2次/d×3d）口服,治疗组服卡维地洛（6.25mg,2次/d×3d）,在治疗前后分别测定hs-CRP、IL-6、sICAM-1值。结果对照组和治疗组在治疗前hs-CRP、IL-6、sICAM-1均无显著性差异;用药后两组3指标均较用药前显著降低（P<0.05）;治疗组在用药后IL-6、sI-CAM-1显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。同时,用药后两组患者的心率、血压、心肌耗氧量均较用药前显著降低（P<0.05）,治疗组的心肌耗氧量显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论卡维地洛可显著降低UAP患者的炎症因子IL-6、sICMA-1水平。     

Comparison of assays for determination of peptide content for lyophilized thymalfasin*

Abstract: Precise determination of the peptide content in drug substance samples depends highly upon the particular peptide compound and methodology used. Four independent methods were evaluated and compared to determine which would produce the best experimental precision for analysis of thymalfasin (thymosin α‐1). Four different methods were evaluated including elemental analysis (CHN), quantitative amino acid analysis (AAA), high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and Kjeldahl. This study demonstrates that the AAA method is highly variable in one laboratory while quite precise in another laboratory. Similarly, HPLC results depended on the laboratory conducting the study with more precise values obtained under cGMP. On the contrary, the CHN method yielded highly precise [i.e. <2% coefficient of variation (CV)] values. As precise knowledge of protein content is fundamental for the compounding of final pharmaceutical product of a specific potency, the CHN analysis is recommended for peptide content determination of the drug substance thymalfasin.     

胃肠道癌肿患者外周血CD4^＋CD25^＋FOXP3^＋调节性T细胞的表达及临床意义

目的：研究胃肠道癌肿患者外周血CD4^＋CD25^＋FOXP3^＋调节性T（Treg）细胞的表达，并探讨其临床意义。方法：通过免疫荧光术及流式细胞仪检测20例胃癌患者及20例结肠癌患者外周血CD4^＋CD25^＋FOXP3^＋Treg细胞、CD4^＋CD25^＋high Treg细胞、CD4^＋T细胞及CD4^＋ CTLA-4^＋T细胞。结果：胃癌组、结肠癌组与健康献血者比较外周血CD4^＋CD25^＋FOXP3^＋ Treg细胞、CD4^＋CD25^＋high Treg细胞及CD4^＋CTLA-4^＋T细胞显著增多，CD4^＋T细胞显著减少；胃癌、结肠癌患者之间其外周血中CD4^＋CD25^＋FOXP3^＋Treg细胞、CD4^＋CD25^＋high Treg细胞、CD4^＋T细胞及CD4^＋CTLA-4^＋T细胞无显著差异。结论：胃肠道癌肿患者外周血CD4^＋CD25^＋FOXP3^＋Treg细胞显著高于健康献血者，这可能与胃肠道癌肿患者的免疫抑制和肿瘤的进展相关。     

血管内皮生长因子在高原脑水肿形成中作用的实验研究

目的:探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在高原脑水肿形成中的作用。方法:建立大鼠模拟高原模型,应用脑干湿重比率法定量脑水肿情况、应用荧光素钠透过率测定BBB通透性、应用实时荧光定量RT-PCR法检测脑组织VEGF mRNA含量以及应用蛋白印迹法半定量脑组织VEGF含量。结果:大鼠在高原24 h后脑组织含水率明显增高(P<0.05),荧光素钠透过率显著增加(P<0.01);VEGF mRNA转录及其表达显著增高(P<0.001)。结论:VEGF表达在高原脑水肿形成中起重要作用。     

上海地区汉族优秀游泳运动员ACE基因I/D多态性研究

目的:探讨上海地区汉族不同水平优秀游泳运动员ACE(血管紧张素转化酶)基因I/D多态性的分布特点。方法:采用PCR方法,对上海地区85名汉族优秀游泳运动员和90名汉族普通人的ACE基因I/D多态性进行检测。结果显示,上海地区汉族优秀游泳运动员的ACE基因的基因型和等位基因频率与上海和成都地区汉族普通人无明显差异(P>0.05);上海地区汉族游泳运动员和普通人以及成都地区汉族普通人的基因型和等位基因频率均与高加索人群存在高度显著性差异(P<0.0001),表现出明显的种族差异性。7名上海地区汉族国际健将ACE基因均为II型,运动水平越高的组别,II基因型和I等位基因频率越高,提示具有II基因型或I等位基因频率高的运动员经过多年运动训练,具有成为优秀运动员的可能,特别是II基因型的运动员可能性更大。     

高原红细胞增多症患者血清尿酸水平分析

目的研究高原红细胞增多症患者(HAPC)血清尿酸(uric ac id,UA)的水平及其临床意义。方法选择HAPC患者78例,采集患者静脉血检测血清中尿酸的含量,并与80例高原健康人作对照研究。结果HAPC组血清尿酸的含量显著高于正常对照组(P<0.05)。结论在治疗高原红细胞增多症时应关注患者血尿酸水平。     

高度近视的病因学研究进展

高度近视发生的内因、外因，包括遗传倾向，相关基因定位，巩膜胶原白体免疫学说，视网膜生物活性物质失调学说，环境因素等，本研究就这些因素对高度近视发病的影响做一综述。现统一的认识有：①高度近视具有明显的遗传倾向。②迄今为止，已找到4个高度近视相关基因，它们的遗传方式均为常染色体显性遗传。③高度近视的巩膜组织病理改变和胶原代谢障碍引发了人们对高度近视免疫相关基因的深入研究。已发现HLAⅡ类基因与部分高度近视具有相关性。④视网膜中存在的生物活性物质直接或间接参与了形觉剥夺性近视的形成。⑤环境因素并非高度近视发病的决定因素，它仅起一定程度的促进作用。将今后的工作重点放在高度近视基因定位的研究，基因表达的调控及巩膜胶原代谢、网膜生物活性物质之间的关系研究上，无疑会进一步揭示高度近视的病因，为防治高度近视开辟新途径。